THE  LIBRARY 

OF 

THE  UNIVERSITY 

OF  CALIFORNIA 

LOS  ANGELES 


THE 


CONSTITUTION 


OF  THE 


STATE  OF  VIRGINIA, 


ADOPTED  BY  THE 


CONVENTION  OF  J901-2. 


PUBLISHED  BY 


AUTHORITY 


RICHMOND : 
1902. 


3(^'a5 


6 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 


CONSTITUTION. 

ARTICLE  I. 

BILL  OF  RIGHTS. 

Sec.     I.     Equality  and  rights  of  men. 
Sec.     2.     People  the  source  of  power. 
Sec.     3.     Government  instituted  for  common  benefit. 

Sec.     4.     No  man  entitled  to  exclusive  emoluments  or  privileges;   ofTiees  not  to 
be  hereditary. 
c/3     Sec.     5.     Legislative,   executive    and   judicial   departments   of   States    should   be 
uj  separate;   elections  should  be  periodical. 

Elections  to  be  free. 
Laws  should  not  be  suspended. 
Concerning  criminal  prosecutions  generally. 

Excessive  bail  or  fines  and  cruel  and  unusual  punishments  prohibited. 
General  warrants  of  search  or  seizure  prohibited. 
No  person   to   be   deprived   of   property   without   due   process   of   law; 

trial  by  jury  to  be  held  sacred. 
Freedom  of  the  press  and  of  speech. 
Militia  the  proper  defence  of  a  free  State;   standing  armies  should  be 

avoided;  military  should  be  subordinate  to  civil  power. 
Government  should  be  uniform. 

Qualities  necessary  to  preservation  of  free  government. 
Religious  freedom. 
Construction  of  the  Rill  of  Rights. 

ARTICLE  II. 

ELECTIVE  FRANCHISE  AND  QUALIFICATIONS  FOR  OFFICE. 

Sec.  18.  Qualifications  of  voters. 

Sec.  19.  Registi-ations  of  voters;  who  are  entitled  to  register  prior  to  1904. 

Sec.  20.  Who  may  register  after  1904. 

Sec.  21.  Conditions  for  voting. 

Sec.  22.  Payment    of   poll    tax   by    veterans    of    Civil    War   not    prerequisite    to 

their  right  to  vote;  when  payment  of  poll  tax  enforced. 

Sec.  23.  Persons  excluded  from  registering  and  voting. 

Sec.  24.  Who  not  deemed  to  have  gained  legal  residence. 

Sec.  25.  Directions  to  General  Assemblv  in  regard  to  registration  and  transfers. 


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Sec. 

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iv  COKTENTS. 

Sec.  26.  Persons  qualified  to  vote  at  next  election  shall  be  admitted  to  regis- 
tration. 

Sec.  27.     Method  of  voting. 

Sec.  28.    Ballots. 

Sec.  29.     Privileges  of  voters  during  elections. 

Sec.  30.  General  Assembly  may  prescribe  property  qualification  for  voting  in 
county,  city  or  town  elections. 

Sec.  31.  Electoral  boards;  appointment  and  composition;  powers  and  duties  of; 
who  ineligible. 

Sec.  32.     Qualifications  of  officers  and  of  notaries  public. 

Sec.  33.     When  terms  of  officers  to  begin  and  end. 

Sec.  34.     Oath  to  be  prescribed. 

Sec.  35.     Primary  elections,  who  may  vote. 

Sec.  36.     General  Assembly  shall  enact  laws  to  regulate  elections. 

Sec.  37.     Voting  machines. 

Sec.  38.  Duties  of  treasurers,  clerks  of  county  and  corporation  comts  and 
sheriffs  in  regard  to  making,  filing,  delivering  and  posting  list  of 
unpaid  poll  taxes;  how  same  corrected. 


ARTICLE  III. 

DIVISIONS    OF    POWERS. 

Sec.  39.     Departments  to  be  distinct. 

ARTICLE  IV. 

LEGISLATIVE   DEPARTMENT. 

Sec.  40.     General  Assembly  to  consist  of  Senate  and  House  of  Delegates. 

Sec.  4L     Number  and  election  of  senators. 

Sec.  42.     Number  and  election  of  delegates. 

Sec.  43.     Apportionment  of  State  into  senatorial  and  house  districts. 

Sec.  44.  Qualifications  of  senators  and  delegates;  who  ineligible;  removal  from 
district  vacates  office. 

Sec.  45.  Salaries  of  members  of  General  Assembly  to  be  fixed  by  law;  members 
not  to  be  elected  or  appointed  to  civil  offices  of  profit  except  by 
election  by  the  people. 

Sec.  46.  Time  and  duration  of  meetings  of  General  Assembly;  adjournments; 
majority  shall  be  a  quorum;  power  of  smaller  number  than  a  quorum. 

Sec.  47.     Powers  of  each  house  of  General  Assembly  to  elect  its  presiding  officer, 
make   its   own   rules,   fill  vacancies,   and  judge  of  the  election   and 
qualification  of  members,  and  punish  and  expel  members. 
-Sec.  48.     Privileges  of  members  of  General  Assembly. 

Sec.  49.     Journal  of  proceedings. 

Sec.  50.  Enactment  of  laws;  tax  laws  shall  specifically  state  the  tax  and  re- 
quire a  vote  of  majority  of  members. 

Sec.  51.     Standing  committee  on  special,  private  and  local  legislation. 


CONTENTS.  '  -V 

Sec.  52.  Law  shall  embrace  but  one  object,  which  shall  be  expressed  in  its 
title;  how  laws  revived  or  amended. 

Sec.  53.     Time  when-  laws  take  effect. 

Sec.  54.  Impeachments;  proceeding  under;  extent  of  judgment  under;  indict- 
ment, etc.,  to  lie. 

Sec.  55.  Apportionment  of  State  into  congressional  districts  by  General 
Assembly. 

Sec.  56.  Directions  to  General  Assembly  concerning  elections  and  declaring 
offices  vacant. 

Sec.  57.     Power  of  General  Assembly  to  remove  disabilities. 

Sec.  58.  Prohibitions  on  General  Assembly  as  to  suspension  of  writ  of  habeas 
corpus,  and  enactment  of  laws  referring  to  religion  and  other  laws. 

Sec.  59.  General  Assembly  shall  not  incorporate  churches  or  religious  denomina- 
tions;   may  secure  church  property. 

Sec.  60.     Lotteries  and  sale  of  lottery  tickets  prohibited. 

Sec.  61.     Formation  and  division  of  counties. 

Sec.  62.     Power  of  General  Assembly  to  enact  liquor  laws. 

Sec.  63.  Powers  which  General  Assembly  shall  confer  on  courts;  cases  in  which 
General  Assembly  shall  not  enact  special  laws. 

Sec.  64.  General  Assembly  shall  enact  general  laws  in  cases  mentioned  in  pre- 
ceding section,  and  wherever  general  laws  will  apply;  amendment  or 
partial  repeal  of  general  law  shall  not  enact  special  law;  restrictions 
as  to  laws. 

Sec.  65.  Powers  of  local  and  special  legislation  may  be  conferred  by  General 
Assembly,  by  general  law,  on  supervisors  and  councils. 

Sec.  66.  Clerk  of  House  of  Delegates  to  be  Keeper  of  the  Rolls,  without  com- 
pensation; General  Assembly  shall  prescribe  numl)er  and  compen- 
sation of  its  clerks  and  employees. 

Sec.  67.  Limitations  on  appropriations  by  General  Assembly  to  charitable  and 
other   institutions;    exceptions. 

Sec.  68.     Auditing  Committee,  appointment  and  constitution;  powers  and  duties. 

ARTICLE    V.  ■  . 

executive    department. 

Sec.  69.     Governor,  term  of  office. 

Sec.  70.     How  and  when  elected;   how  result  ascertained;   how  tie  or  contested 

elections  decided. 
Sec.  71.     Qualifications  of  Governor. 
Sec.  72.     His  place  of  residence  and  salary. 
Sec.  73.     Duties  and  powers  of  Governor. 
Sec.  74.     Further  powers  of  Governor. 

Sec.  75.     Commissions  and  grants;  how  they  shall  run  and  how  attested. 
Sec.  76.     Bills,  duties  of  Governor  in  regard  to;  proceedings  of  General  Assembly 

in  passing  bills  over  veto  of  Governor;   effect  of  failure  of  Governor 

to  sign. 
Sec.  77.     Lieutenant-Governor,  election  and  qualifications. 
Sec.  78.     Duties  of  Lieutenant-Governor. 


Sec. 

79. 

Sec. 

80. 

Sec. 

81. 

Sec. 

82. 

Sec. 

8.3. 

Sec. 

84. 

Sec. 

85. 

Sec. 

86. 

vi  CONTENTS. 

Lieutenant-Governor   shall   be   President   of    Senate;    compensation   as 

such. 
Secretary  of  the  Commonwealth,  election  and  duties;  disposition  of  fees 

received  by  him. 
State  Treasurer. 
Auditor  of  Public  Accounts. 
Salaries  of  officers  of  Executive  Department. 
Checks   and  balances  on   officers  entrusted  with  collection  of  revenue, 

establishment  of. 
Bond  of  officers  handling  state  funds. 
Bureau  of  Labor  and  Statistics. 

ARTICLE  VI. 
judiciary  department. 

Sec.     87.     Composition  and  jurisdiction. 

Sec.  88.  Supreme  Court  of  Appeals,  composition  and  jurisdiction;  exceptions 
to  jurisdiction;  temporary  vacancies,  how  filled. 

Sec.     89.     Special  Court  of  Appeals. 

Sec.    90.     Opinions  of  Supreme  Court  of  Appeals  shall  be  written. 

Sec.  91.  Qualifications  and  terms  of  judges  of  Supreme  Court  of  Appeals;  how 
chosen. 

Sec.     92.     Officers  of  Supreme  Coiu-t  of  Appeals. 

Sec.     93.     Sessions  of  Supreme  Court  of  Appeals. 

Sec.     94.     Judicial  circuits,  number  and  constitution. 

Sec.     95.     Powers  of  General  Assembly  to  rearrange  judicial  circuits;  limitations. 

Sec.     96.     Circuit  judges,  election,  qualifications;  residence  and  term  of  office. 

Sec.  97.  Terms  of  circuit  courts;  judges  may  be  required  to  hold  terms  in 
other  circuits. 

Sec.  98.  Division  of  cities  into  classes;  courts  of  each  class;  additional  courts 
for  cities,  how  provided;  abolition  and  cessation  of  corporation  or 
city  court. 

Sec.  99.  Judges  of  city  courts,  election,  qualifications  and  residence;  residence 
and  privilege  of  judge  of  corporation  court  of  city  of  less  than  five 
thousand  inhabitants;  judges  of  city  courts  of  cities  of  first  class 
may  be  required  or  authorized  to  hold  terms  in  other  circuits. 

Sec.  100.     Courts  of  Land  Registration. 

Sec.  101.  Clerks  of  circuit  courts,  jurisdiction  in  cases  of  wills,  insane  per- 
sons, etc. 

Sec.  102.  Judges,  how  commissioned;  salaries  and  allowances,  terms  of  office; 
vacancies. 

Sec.  103.     Salaries  of  judges. 

Sec.  104.     Removal  of  judges  for  cause. 

Sec.  105.     Judges  shall  not  practice  law  or  hold  office  of  public  trust;  exception. 

Sec.  106.     Writs  and  indictments. 

Sec.  107.  Attorney-General,  election,  commission,  duties  and  compensation; 
how  removable. 

Sec.  108.     Justices  of  the  peace. 

Sec.  109.     Applications  for  bail. 


CONTENTS.  Vll 

ARTICLE  VII. 

OKGANIZATION    AND    GOVERNMENT    OF    COUNTIES. 

Sec.  110.  County  officers,  number,  terms  and  compensation. 

Sec.  111.  Magisterial  districts,  supervisors;  how  chosen,  powers  and  duties. 

Sec.  112.  Elections  for  county  and  district  officers,  when  held;  terms  of  officers. 

Sec.  113.  No  person  shall  hold  more  than  one  office  at  the  same  time.    Additional 

security  may  be  required  of  officer. 

Sec.  114.  County  not  responsible  for  acts  of  sheriff. 

Sec.  115.  Examination  of  books,  accounts,  etc.,  of  officers  handling  pultlic  funds. 

ARTICLE  VIII. 

ORGANIZATION   AND  GOVERNMENT  OF   CITIES   AND  TOWNS. 

Sec.  116.     Definitions  of  "cities"  and  "towns." 

Sec.  117.  General  Assembly  shall  enact  general  laws  for  government  of  cities 
and  towns;  how  special  act  therefor  passed:  as  to  city  charters 
existing  at  adoption  of  Constitution. 

Sec.  118.  Clerks  of  city  courts,  elections,  duties  and  number;  only  one  in  city 
of  less  than  thirty  thousand  inhabitants. 

Sec.  119.  Commonwealth's  Attorney  in  cities;  Commissioner  of  Revenue  in 
cities. 

Sec.  120.     City  officers,  their  titles,  election,  powers  and  duties. 

Sec.  121.  City  council,  composition,  how  elected,  powers  and  duties;  ineligibility 
of  members  to  certain  offices;  powers  and  duties  as  to  reapportion- 
ments; when  mandamus  against  council  lies. 

Sec.  122.     Election  and  terms  of  office  of  city  officers. 

Sec.  123.  Ordinances,  proceedings  to  pass  over  veto  of  Mayor;  as  to  appropria- 
tion ordinances  vetoed. 

Sec.  124.  Consent  of  corporate  authorities  necessary  to  use  of  streets,  alleys, 
or  public  grounds  by  certain  companies  or  persons. 

Sec.  125.  Sale  of  corporate  property  and  granting  of  franchises  by  cities  and 
towns. 

Sec.  12G.  Corporate  limits,  contraction  or  extension  of,  General  Assembly  shall 
provide  for. 

Sec.  127.     Concerning  bonded  indebtedness  of  cities  and  towns. 

Sec.  128.     Assessment  of  real  estate  therein. 

ARTICLE  IX. 

education   and  PUBLIC   INSTRUCTION. 

Sec.  129.     Free  schools  to  be  maintained. 

Sec.  130.     State  Board  of  Education,  composition;  vacancies,  how  filled. 
Sec.  131.     Superintendent    of    Public    Instruction,    how    elected,    term    of    office; 
how  vacancies  filled,  duties. 


viii  CONTENTS. 

Sec.  132.     Powers  and  duties  of  State  Board  of  Education. 

Sec.  133.     School  districts;  school  trustees. 

Sec.  134.     Literary  fund. 

Sec.  135.     Appropriations  for  school  purposes,  school  age. 

Sec.  136.     Local  school  taxes. 

Sec.  137.     Agricultural,  normal,  manual  training  and  technical  schools. 

Sec.  138.     Compulsory  education;    exceptions. 

Sec.  139.    Free  text-books. 

Sec.  140.     Mixed  schools  prohibited. 

Sec.  141.  State  appropriations  prohibited  to  schools  or  institutions  of  learning 
not  owned  or  exclusively  controlled  by  State  or  some  subdivision 
thereof;  exceptions  to  rule. 

Sec.  142.  Boards  of  visitors  and  trustees  of  educational  institutions,  how  ap- 
pointed, and  term  of  office. 

ARTICLE  X. 
agriculture  and  immigration. 

Sec.  143.     Department  of  agriculture  and  immigration,  where  maintained,  how 

controlled,   composition,   qualification   of   members,   how   appointed 

and  term  of  office. 
Sec.  144.     Powers  and  duties  of  same. 
Sec.  145.     Commissioner  of  Agriculture  and   Immigration;    term  of  office;    how 

elected;  powers  and  duties. 
Sec.  14G.     President  of  Agriculture  and  Immigration  to  be  ex-officio  member  of 

Board  of  Visitors  of  Virginia  Polytechnic  Institute. 

ARTICLE  XI. 

PUBLIC   INSTITXTTIONS   AND   PRISONS. 

Sec.  147.     State  penitentiary. 

Sec.  148.  Board  of  directors  of  same,  number,  how  appointed,  powers;  super- 
intendents and  surgeons. 

Sec.  149.  Boards  of  directors  for  State  hospitals  for  the  insane,  number  of 
members;  how  appointed,  powers  and  terms  of  office. 

Sec.  150.  General  board  of  directors  of  State  Hospital  for  the  Insane,  compo- 
sition and  powers. 

Sec.  151.  Superintendents  of  State  Hospital  for  the  Insane;  how  appointed; 
how  and  for  what  removable;  powers;  how  other  resident  officers 
of  insane  hospitals  appointed;  terms  of  office  of  superintendents. 

Sec.  152.  Commissioner  of  State  Hospitals  for  the  Insane;  how  appointed;  term 
of  office,  powers  and  duties;  bond,  salary. 

ARTICLE  XII. 

corporations. 

Sec.  153.  Definition  of  terms  used  in  article;  article  not  to  conflict  with  Federal 
Constitution. 


CONTENTS.  IX 

Sec.  154.  As  to  chartering  of  corporations  and  legislation  relating  thereto  by 
General  Assembly;  surrender  of  charters;  special  acts  regulating 
corporations  prohibited. 

Sec.  155.  State  corporation  commission;  how  appointed;  term  of  office;  how 
vacancies  filled;  who  ineligible;  qualifications  of  at  least  one  mem- 
ber; how  removed  or  impeached;  officers,  how  elected;  rules  of 
order  and  procedure;  general  provisions;  salaries;  election  of 
members  after  January  1,  1908;  how  vacancies  then  filled. 

Sec.  156.     Powers,  duties  and  method  of  procedure  of  commission. 

Sec.  157.     Fees  from  corporations. 

Sec.  158.     Effect  of  amendment  of  previously  obtained  charter  of  corporation. 

Sec.  159.     Eminent  domain  and  police  power  of  State  never  abridged. 

Sec.  160.     Concerning  rates  of  transportation  and  transmission  companies. 

Sec.  161.  Free  transportation  of  members  of  General  Assembly  and  of  state, 
county,  district,  or  municipal  officers,  except  members  and  officers 
of  state  corporation  commission,  prohibited;  penalty;  policeman 
and  fireman  excepted. 

Sec.  162.     Fellow-servant  doctrine  abolished  to  extent  stated. 

Sec.  163.     As  to  foreign  corporations. 

Sec.  164.  Right  of  regulation  and  control  of  common  carriers  and  public  service 
corporations  never  surrendered  or  abridged. 

Sec.  165.  General  Assembly  shall  enact  laws  preventing  trusts,  combinations, 
and  monopolies  inimical  to  the  public  welfare. 

Sec.  166.  Right  to  parallel  railroads;  as  to  building  road  parallel  to  Richmond, 
Fredericksburg  and  Potomac  Railroad  Company;  duties  of  con- 
necting railroads. 

Sec.  167.  Concerning  issuance  of  stocks  and  bonds  by  corporations;  penalty  for 
violation. 

ARTICLE  XIII. 

TAXATION    AND    FINANCE. 

Sec.  168.     Taxable  property;  taxes  shall  be  uniform  as  to  class  of  subjects  and 

levied  and  collected  under  general  laws. 
Sec.  169.     How  property  assessed;  General  Assembly  may  grant  cities  and  towns 

right   to  reduce  taxation  for   a  period   of  years   on   land  added  to 

corporate  limits;   right  of  General  Assembly  to  segregate  property 

for  purposes  of  taxation. 
Sec.  170.     Income,  license  and  franchise  taxes;  paving  and  sewer  taxes;  abutting 

land  owners. 
Sec.  171.     Reassessments  of  real  estate. 
Sec.  172.     Assessment  of  coal  and  mineral  lands. 
Sec.  173.     State,  county,  and  municipal  capitation  taxes. 
Sec.  174.     Statute  of  limitations  shall  not  run  against  state  taxes;    failure  to 

assess  not  to  defeat  subsequent  assessment  and  collection  of  taxes; 

exception  as  to  bona  fide  purchaser  for  value. 
Sec.  175.     Natural  oyster  beds. 
Sec.  170.     Assessment  and  taxation  of  railroad  and  canal  companies. 


X  CONTENTS. 

Sec.  177.     Franchise  tax  of  railroad  and  canal  companies. 

Sec.  178.     Amount  and  ascertainment  of  such  franchise  tax. 

Sec.  179.     Reports  of  corporations  to  Corporation  Commission. 

Sec.  180.  Application  by  corporation  for  relief  from  assessment  for  taxation; 
proceedings  thereunder. 

Sec.  181.  Taxation  of  corporations  as  stated  in  sections  176  to  180  inclusive  to 
remain  fixed  from  January  1,  1903,  to  January  1,  1913,  and  there- 
after until  modified  by  General  Assembly. 

Sec.  182.  Taxation  of  shares  of  stock  of  trust  or  security  companies  and  incor- 
porated banks. 

Sec.  183.     Property  exempt  from  taxation. 

Sec.  184.  Contraction  of  debts  and  issue  of  evidences  of  indebtedness  by  State 
prohibited  with  certain  exceptions. 

Sec.  185.  Lending  of  credit  to,  or  subscription  to  stock  of,  corporations  or  per- 
sons by  state,  county,  city  or  town  prohibited;  State  shall  become 
interested  in  no  work  of  internal  improvement  except  public  roads. 
Exception  as  to  counties,  cities  and  towns. 

Sec.  186.  Collection  and  disposition  of  state  revenue;  payment  of  money  from 
state  treasury;  what  appropriations  shall  not  be  made. 

Sec.  187.  Sinking  fund  for  state  debt;  every  law  creating  a  debt  to  provide 
for  a  sinking  fund  for  its  payment. 

Sec.  188.     Limit  of  tax  or  revenue. 

Sec.  189.     Rate  of  taxation;  application  of  proceeds;  pensions. 

ARTICLE  XIV. 

miscellaneous  provisions. 

Sec.  190.  Homestead  exemptions;  when  not  to  apply. 

Sec.  191.  In  what  property  homestead  exemptions  cannot  be  claimed. 

Sec.  192.  Manner  and  conditions  on  which  homestead  may  be  set  apart,  to  be 

prescribed  by  General  Assembly. 

Sec.  193.  Homestead  previously  claimed  not  invalidated. 

Sec.  194.  Stay  laws  prohibited;  exception. 

Sec.  195.  Heirs  of  property;  children  of  slaves. 

ARTICLE  XV. 

FtJTTJBE  CHANGES  IN  THE  CONSTITUTION. 

Sec.  196.    Amendments. 

Sec  197.     Constitutional  Convention;   how  called. 


SCHEDULE. 


Sec.     1.     Common  and  statute  laws;  how  long  in  force. 

Sec.     2.     EfTect  of  ordinances  of  Convention. 

Sec.     3.     Actions,  writs  and  causes  of  action  to  continue;  jurisdiction  of  courts 

Sec.     4.     Escheats,  lines  and  forfeitures,  etc. 

Recognizances,  obligations,  et'C.,  remain  binding  and  valid. 

Supreme  Court  of  Appeals. 

County  Courts. 

Clerks  of  courts. 

Governor  and  State  officers. 

Members  of  General  Assembly;  county  officers. 

Terms  of  other  oflicers. 

State  boards. 

Charters. 
Secs.   14  and  15.     City  officers. 
Sec.   1G.     Vacancies  in  office. 
Sec.   17.     Bonds. 

Sec.   18.     Qualifications  of  voters. 
Sec.  19.     Extra  session  of  General  Assembly. 
Sec.  20.     Powers,  duties,  etc.,  of  General  Assembly. 
Sec.  21.     Clerks  of  Senate  and  House  of  Delegates. 
Sec.  22.     Oath  to  support  the  Constitution. 
Sec.  2.3.     Official  copy  of  Constitution. 
Sec.  24.     Proclauiation  of  Governor. 
Sec.  25.     When  Constitntion  and  Schedule  take  effect. 


Sec. 

5. 

Sec. 

G. 

Sec. 

7. 

Sec. 

8. 

Sec. 

9. 

Sec. 

10. 

Sec. 

11. 

Sec. 

12. 

Sec. 

13. 

CONSTITUTION  OF  VIRGINIA. 


Whereas,  pursuant  to  an  act  of  ilic  General  Assembly  of  Virginia,  ap- 
proved March  the  fifth,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  nineteen  hundred,  the 
question,  "shall  there  be  a  convention  to  revise  the  Constitution  and 
amend  the  same  ?"  was  submitted  to  the  electors  of  the  State  of  Virginia, 
qualified  to  vote  for  members  of  the  General  Assembly,  at  an  election  held 
throughout  the  State  on  the  fourth  Thursday  in  May,  in  the  year  nine- 
teen hundred,  at  which  election  a  majority  of  the  electors  so  qualified 
voting  at  said  election  did  decide  in  favor  of  a  convention  for  such  pur- 
pose; and. 

Whereas,  the  General  Assembly  at  its  next  session  did  provide  by  law 
for  the  election  of  delegates  to  such  convention,  in  pursuance  whereof  tlie 
meml)ers  of  this  Convention  were  ch'cti'd  l)y  the  good  people  of  Virginia, 
to  meet  in  convention  for  such  purpose. 

We,  therefore,  the  people  of  Virginia,  so  assembled  in  Convention 
through  our  representatives,  Avith  gratitude  to  God  for  His  past  favors, 
and  invoking  His  blessings  upon  the  result  of  our  deliberations,  do  ordain 
and  establish  the  following  revised  and  amended  Constitution  for  the 
government  of  the  Commonwealth : 

AETTCLE  I.  •    ^ 

BILL  OF  RIGHTS. 

A  DECLAEATION  OF  RIGHTS,  made  hij  the  representatives  of  the 
good  people  of  Virginia  assembled  in  full  and  free  Convention ; 
ivhich  rights  do  pertain  to  iheni  and  their  post eri I ii.  as  the  Basis  and 
Foaiidatioii  of  Govern luent. 

Section  1.  That  all  men  are  l)y  nature  equally  free  and  inde])endent, 
and  have  certain  inherent  rights,  of  which,  when  they  enter  into  a  state  of 
society,  they  cannot,  by  any  compact,  deprive  or  divest  their  posterity; 


2  CONSTITUTIOX  OF  VIRGINIA. 

namely,  the  enjoyment  of  life  and  lil)erty,  with  the  means  of  acquiring 
and  possessing  property,  and  pui'suing  and  obtaining  happiness  and 
sa  fet}'. 

Sec.  2.  That  all  power  is  vested  in,  and  consequently  derived  from,  the 
people;  that  magistrates  are  their  trustees  and  servants,  and  at  all  times 
amenable  to  them. 

Sec.  3.  That  government  is,  or  ouglit  to  l)e,  instituted  for  the  common 
benefit,  protection  and  security  of  the  people,  nation  or  community;  of 
all  the  various  modes  and  forms  of  government,  that  is  best,  which  is 
capable  of  producing  the  greatest  degree  of  happiness  and  safety,  and  is 
most  effectually  secured  against  the  danger  of  maladministration;  and, 
whenever  any  government  shall  be  found  inadequate  or  contrary  to  these 
purposes,  a  majorit}'  of  the  community  hath  an  indubitable,  inalienable, 
and  indefeasible  right  to  reform,  alter  or  abolish  it,  in  such  manner  as 
shall  be  judged  most  conducive  to  the  public  weal. 

Sec.  4.  That  no  man,  or  set  of  men,  is  entitled  to  exclusive  or  separate 
emoluments  or  privileges  from  the  communit}^  but  in  consideration  of 
public  services;  which  not  being  descendible,  neither  ought  the  offices  of 
magistrate,  legislator  or  judge  to  be  hereditary. 

Sec.  5.  That  the  legislative,  executive,  and  judicial  departments  of 
the  State  should  be  separate  and  distinct;  and  that  the  members  thereof 
may  be  restrained  from  oppression,  by  feeling  and  joarticipating  the  bur- 
thens of  the  people,  they  should,  at  fixed  periods,  be  reduced  to  a  private 
station,  return  into  that  body  from  which  they  were  original^  taken,  and 
the  vacancies  be  supplied  by  regular  elections,  in  which  all  or  any  part  of 
the  former  mcmljcrs  shall  be  again  cligilile,  or  ineligible,  as  the  laws  may 
direct. 

Sec.  f).  'J'liat  all  elections  ought  to  be  free;  and  that  all  men,  having 
sufficient  evidence  of  permanent  common  interest  with,  and  attachment 
to,  the  community,  have  the  right  of  suffrage,  and  cannot  be  taxed,  or 
deprived  of,  or  damaged  in,  their  property  for  public  uses,  without  their 
own  consent,  or  Uiat  of  their  representatives  duly  elected,  or  bound  by 
any  law  to  which  Ihey  have  not,  in  like  manner,  assented  for  the  public 
good. 

Sec.  7.  That  all  power  of  suspending  laws,  or  the  execution  of  laws,  by 
any  authority,  withoul  <-onsent  of  the  representatives  of  the  people,  is 
injurious  to  their  rights,  rmd  ought  not  to  be  exercised. 

Sec.  8.  That  no  man  siiall  be  deprived  of  his  life,  or  libertv,  except  by 
the  law  of  the  land,  or  the  judgment  of  his  peers;  nor  shall  any  man  be 
c-ompelled  in  any  criminal  proceeding  to  give  evidence  against  himself, 
nor  be  put  twice  in  jeopardy  for  the  same  offence,  but  an  appeal  may  be 


CONSTITUTION  OF  VIRGINIA.  6 

:nl lowed  to  the  CVmnnoiiwcalth  in  all  prosecutions  for  the  violation  of  a 
law  relating  to  the  state  revenue. 

That  in  all  criminal  prosecutions  a  num  hath  a  right  to  demand  the 
cause  and  nature  of  his  accusation,  to  he  confronted  with  the  accusers  and 
witnesses,  to  call  for  evidence  in  his  favor,  and  to  a  speedy  trial  hy  an 
impartial  jury  of  his  vicinage,  without  whose  unanhnous  consent  he  can- 
not be  found  guilty;  provided,  however,  that  in  any  criminal  case,  upon 
a  plea  of  guilty,  tendered  in  ])crson  by  the  accused,  and  with  the  consent 
of  the  attorney  for  the  Commonwealth,  entered  of  record,  the  court  shall, 
and  in  a  prosecution  for  an  offence  not  punishable  by  death,  or  contine- 
uu'ut  in  the  penitentiary,  upon  a  plea  of  not  guilty,  with  the  consent  of 
the  accused,  given  in  person,  and  of  the  attorney  for  the  Commonwealth, 
both  entered  of  record,  the  court,  in  its  discretion,  may  hear  and  deter- 
mine the  case,  without  the  intervention  of  a  jury;  and,  tliat  the  General 
Assembly  may  provide  for  the  trial  of  offences  not  punishable  by  death, 
or  confinement  in  the  penitentiary,  by  a  justice  of  the  ])eace,  without  a 
jury,  preserving  in  all  such  eases,  the  right  of  the  accused  to  an  appeal  to 
and  trial  by  jury  in  the  circuit  or  corporation  court;  and  may  also  pro- 
vide for  juries  consisting  of  less  than  twelve,  but  not  less  than  five,  for 
the  trial  of  offences  not  punishable  by  death,  or  confinement  in  the  peni- 
tentiary, and  may  classify  such  cases,  and  prescribe  the  numl)er  of  jurors 
for  each  class. 

Sec.  9.  That  excessive  bail  ought  not  to  be  required,  nor  excessive  fines 
imposed,  nor  cruel  and  unusual  punishments  inflicted. 

Sec.  10.  That  general  Avarrants,  whereby  an  officer  or  messenger  may 
be  commanded  to  search  suspected  places  without  evidence  of  a  fact  com- 
mitted, or  to  seize  any  person  or  persons  not  named,  or  whose  offence  is 
not  particularly  described  and  supported  by  evidence,  are  grievous  and 
oppressive,  and  ought  not  to  be  granted. 

Sec.  11.  That  no  person  shall  be  deprived  of  his  property  without  due 
process  of  law;  and  in  controversies  respecting  property,  and  in  suits 
between  man  and  man,  trial  by  jury  is  preferable  to  any  other,  and  ought 
to  be  held  sacred;  but  the  Ccnoral  Assembly  may  limit  the  number  of 
jurors  for  civil  cases  in  circuit  and  corporation  courts  to  not  less  than 
five  in  cases  now  cognizal)le  l)y  justices  of  the  peace,  or  to  not  less  than 
seven  in  cases  not  so  cognizable. 

Sec.  12.  That  the  freedom  of  the  press  is  one  of  the  great  l)\dwarks  of 
liberty,  and  can  never  be  restrained  but  by  despotic  governments ;  and 
any  citizen  may  freely  speak,  write  and  publish  his  sentiments  on  all  sub- 
jects, being  responsible  for  the  abuse  of  that  right. 


4  COXbTITl  TION    01'   ViJ;t;iNlA. 

Sec.  13.  Tliat  a  wcU-roiiulatod  militia,  composed  of  the  body  of  the 
peopk%  trained  to  arms,  is  tlie  ])i-oiier,  natural  and  safe  defence  of  a  free 
state;  that  standing  armies,  in  time  of  peace,  should  be  avoided  as  dan- 
gerous to  liberty;  and  that  in  all  cases  the  military  should  be  under  strict 
subordination  to,  and  governed  by,  the  civil  power. 

Sec.  14.  That  the  people  have  a  right  to  uniform  government;  and, 
therefore,  that  no  government  separate  from,  or  independent  of,  the  gov- 
ernment of  A^irginia,  ought  to  be  erected  or  established  within  the  limits 
thereof. 

Sec.  15.  That  no  free  government,  or  the  blessing  of  liberty,  can  be 
preserved  to  any  people,  Init  by  a  firm  adherence  to  justice,  moderation,, 
temperance,  frugality  and  virtue,  and  by  frequent  recurrence  to  funda- 
mental principles. 

Sec.  16.  That  religion,  or  the  duty  which  we  owe  to  our  Creator,  and 
the  manner  of  discharging  it,  can  be  directed  only  by  reason  and  convic- 
tion, not  l)y  force  or  violence ;  and,  therefore,  all  men  are  equally  entitled 
to  the  free  exercise  of  religion,  according  to  the  dictates  of  conscience; 
and  tiiat  it  is  the  mutual  duty  of  all  to  practice  Christian  forbearance, 
love  and  charity  towards  each  other. 

Sec.  17.  The  rights  enumerated  in  this  Bill  of  Eights  shall  not  l)e  con- 
strued to  limit  other  rights  of  the  people  not  therein  expressed. 

ARTICLE  II. 

ELECTIVE    FRANCHISE    AXD    QUALIFICATIONS    FOR    OFFICE. 

Sec.  18.  P^very  male  citizen  of  the  United  States,  twenty-one  years  of 
age,  who  has  been  a  resident  of  the  State  two  years,  of  the  county,  city,  or 
town  one  year,  and  of  the  precinct  in  which  he  offers  to  vote,  thirty  days, 
next  preceding  the  election  in  which  he  offers  to  vote,  has  been  registered, 
and  has  paid  his  state  poll  taxes,  as  hereinafter  required,  shall  be  entitled 
to  vote  for  members  of  the  General  Assembly  and  all  officers  elective  by 
the  people ;  but  removal  from  one  precinct  to  another,  in  the  same  countv, 
city  or  town  shall  not  deprive  any  iDcrson  of  his  right  to  vote  in  the  pre- 
cinct from  which  he  has  moved,  until  the  expiration  of  thirty  days  after 
such  removal. 

Sec.  19.  There  shall  be  general  registrations  in  the  counties,  cities  and 
towns  of  the  State  during  the  years  nineteen  hundred  and  two  and  nine- 
teen hundred  and  three  at  such  times  and  in  such  manner  as  may  be  pre- 
scribed by  an  ordinance  of  this  Convention.  At  such  registrations  every 
male  citizen  of  the  rnited   States  liaving  the  qualifications  of  age  and 


fONSTlTUTlON   OF   VllKilMA.  0 

residence  required  in  seel  ion  Eigliloen  sliall  l)e  entitled  to  register,  if  he 
be : 

First.  A  person  who.  prior  to  the  adoj)tioii  of  lliis  Const itul ion,  served 
in  time  of  war  in  the  arniv  or  navy  of  the  United  States,  of  tlie  Confed- 
■erate  States,  or  of  any  stale  of  tlie  United  States  or  of  the  Confederate 
States;  or, 

Second.  A  son  of  any  sneh  jjcrson ;  or. 

Third.  A  person,  who  owns  |)roperty,  u])on  which,  for  the  year  next  pre- 
ceding that  in  which  he  offers  to  register,  state  taxes  aggregating  at  least 
■one  dollar  have  been  paid ;  or. 

Fourth.  A  person  able  to  read  any  section  of  this  Constitution  sub- 
mitted to  him  by  the  officers  of  registration  and  to  give  a  reasonable  ex- 
planation of  the  same;  or.  if  unable  to  read  such  section,  altle  to  under- 
stand and  give  a  reasonable  explanation  thereof  when  read  to  him  by  the 
'Ofheers. 

A  roll  containing  the  names  of  all  persons  thus  registered,  sworn  to  and 
-certified  by  the  oihcers  of  registration,  shall  be  filed,  for  record  and  pre- 
servation, in  the  clerk's  ofltice  of  the  circuit  court  of  the  county,  or  the 
■clerk's  oflice  of  the  corporation  court  of  the  city,  as  the  case  may  be. 
Persons  thus  enrolled  shall  not  be  required  to  register  again,  unless  they 
shall  have  ceased  to  be  residents  of  the  State,  or  become  disqualified  by 
section  Twenty-three.  Any  person  denied  registration  under  this  section 
shall  have  the  right  of  ap])eal  to  the  circuit  court  of  his  county,  or  the 
•corporation  court  of  his  city,  or  to  the  judge  thereof  in  vacation. 

Sec.  20.  After  the  first  day  of  January,  nineteen  hundred  and  four, 
-every  male  citizen  of  the  United  States,  having  the  qualifications  of  age 
and  residence  required  in  section  Eighteen,  shall  be  entitled  to  register, 
provided  : 

First.  That  he  has  personally  paid  to  the  proper  officer  all  state  poll 
taxes  assessed  or  assessable  against  him,  under  this  or  the  former  Con- 
stitution, for  the  three  years  next  preceding  that  in  which  he  offers  to 
register;  or,  if  he  come  of  age  at  such  time  that  no  poll  tax  shall  have 
been  assessable  against  him  for  the  year  preceding  the  year  in  which  he 
■offers  to  register,  has  paid  one  dollar  and  fifty  cents,  in  satisfaction  of  the 
first  3'ear's  poll  tax  assessable  against  him ;  and. 

Second.  That,  unless  pliysically  unable,  he  make  a])i)lication  to  regis- 
ter in  his  own  hand-writing,  without  aid,  suggestion,  or  memorandum,  in 
the  presence  of  the  registration  officers,  stating  therein  his  name,  age, 
date  and  place  of  birth,  residence  and  occupation  at  the  time  and  for  the 
two  years  next  preceding,  and  whether  he  has  previously  voted,  and,  if  so, 
the  state,  county,  and  precinct  in  which  he  voted  last;  and, 


(3  COKSTITUTIOX  OF  VIRGINIA. 

Tliird.  That  he  answer  on  oath  any  and  all  questions  affecting  his 
qualifications  as  an  elector,  submitted  to  him  by  the  officers  of  registra- 
tion, which  questions,  and  his  answers  thereto,  shall  be  reduced  to  writing,. 
certified  by  the  said  officers,  and  preserved  as  a  part  of  their  official  re- 
cords. 

Sec.  21.  Any  person  registered  under  either  of  the  last  two  sections, 
shall  have  the  right  to  vote  for  members  of  the  General  Assembly  and  all 
officers  elective  by  the  people,  subject  to  the  following  conditions: 

That  he,  unless  exempted  by  section  Twenty-two,  shall,  as  a  prerequisite 
to  the  right  to  vote  after  the  first  day  of  January,  nineteen  hundred  and 
four,  personally  pay,  at  least  six  months  prior  to  the  election,  all  state- 
poll  taxes  assessed  or  assessable  against  him,  under  this  Constitution, 
during  the  three  years  next  preceding  that  in  which  he  offers  to  vote; 
provided  that,  if  he  register  after  the  first  day  of  January,  nineteen  hun- 
dred and  four,  he  shall,  unless  physically  unable,  prepare  and  deposit  his 
ballot  without  aid,  on  such  printed  form  as  the  law  may  prescribe;  but 
any  voter  registered  prior  to  that  date  may  be  aided  in  the  preparation  of 
his  ballot  by  such   officer  of  election  as  he  himself  may  designate. 

Sec.  22.  iSTo  person  who,  during  the  late  war  between  the  States,  served 
in  the  army  or  navy  of  the  United  States,  or  the  Confederate  States,  or- 
any  state  of  the  United  States,  or  of  the  Confederate  States,  shall  at  any 
time  be  required  to  pay  a  poll  tax  as  a  prerequisite  to  the  right  to  register 
or  vote.  The  collection  of  the  state  poll  tax  assessed  against  any  one 
shall  not  be  enforced  by  legal  process  until  the  same  has  become  three- 
years  past  due. 

Sec.  23.  The  following  persons  shall  be  excluded  from  registering  and' 
voting :  Idiots,  insane  persons,  and  paupers ;  persons  who,  prior  to  the 
adoption  of  this  Constitution,  were  disqualified  from  voting,  by  convic- 
tion of  crime,  either  within  or  without  this  State,  and  whose  disabilities 
shall  not  have  been  removed;  persons  convicted  after  the  adoption  of  this 
Constitution,  either  within  or  without  this  State,  of  treason,  or  of  any 
felony,  bribery,  petit  larceny,  obtaining  money  or  property  under  false- 
pretences,  embezzlement,  forgery,  or  perjury;  persons  who,  while  citizens 
of  this  State,  after  the  adoption  of  this  Constitution,  have  fought  a  duel 
with  a  deadly  weapon,  or  sent  or  accepted  a  challenge  to  fight  such  duel,, 
either  within  or  without  this  State,  or  knowingly  conveyed  a  challenge,. 
or  aided  or  assisted  in  any  way  in  the  fighting  of  such  duel. 

Sec.  24.  ISTo  officer,  soldier,  seaman,  or  marine  of  the  United  States 
army  or  navy  shall  be  deemed  to  have  gained  a  residence  as  to  the  right  of 
suffrage,  in  the  State,  or  in  any  county,  city  or  town  thereof,  by  reason  of 
being  stationed  therein;  nor  shall  an  inmate  of  any  charitable  institu- 


CONSTITUTION  OF  VIRGINIA.  7 

tion  or  a  student  in  any  institution  of  learning,  be  regarded  as  having 
either  gained  or  lost  a  residence,  as  to  the  right  of  suffrage,  by  reason  of 
his  location  or  sojourn  in  snch  institution. 

Sec.  25.  The  General  Assembly  shall  provide  for  the  annual  registra- 
tion of  voters  under  section  Twenty,  for  an  appeal  by  any  person  denied 
registration,  for  the  correction  of  illegal  or  fraudulent  registration,  there- 
under, and  also  for  the  proper  transfer  of  all  voters  registered  under  this 
Constitution.. 

Sec.  26.  Any  person  who,  in  respect  to  age  or  residence,  would  be  quali- 
fied to  vote  at  the  next  election,  shall  be  admitted  to  registration,  not- 
withstanding that  at  the  time  thereof  he  is  not  so  qualified,  and  shall  be 
entitled  to  vote  at  said  election  if  then  qualified  under  the  provisions  of 
this  Constitution. 

Sec.  27.  All  elections  by  the  people  shall  be  by  ballot;  all  elections  by 
any  representative  body  shall  be  viva  voce,  and  the  vote  recorded  in  the 
journal  thereof. 

The  ballot-box  shall  be  kept  in  public  view  during  all  elections,  and 
shall  not  be  opened,  nor  the  ballots  canvassed  or  counted,  in  secret. 

So  far  z.%  consistent  Avith  the  provisions  of  this  Constitution,  the  abso- 
lute secrecy  of  the  ballot  shall  be  maintained. 

Sec.  28.  The  General  Assembly  shall  provide  for  ballots  without  any 
distinguishing  mark  or  symbol,  for  use  in  all  state,  county,  city,  and 
other  elections  by  the  people,  and  the  form  thereof  shall  be  the  same  in 
all  places  where  any  such  election  is  held.  All  ballots  shall  contain  the 
names  of  the  candidates,  and  of  the  offices  to  be  filled,  in  clear  print  and 
in  due  and  orderly  succession;  but  any  voter  may  erase  any  name  and 
insert  another. 

Sec.  29.  No  voter,  during  the  time  of  holding  any  election  at  which  he 
is  entitled  to  vote,  shall  be  comiiolled  to  perform  military  service,  except 
in  time  of  war  or  public  danger;  to  attend  any  court  as  suitor,  juror,  or 
witness;  and  no  voter  shall  be  subject  to  arrest  under  any  civil  process 
during  his  attendance  at  election  or  in  going  to  or  returning  therefrom. 

Sec.  30.  The  General  Assembly  may  prescribe  a  property  qualification 
not  exceeding  two  hundred  and  fifty  dollars  for  voters  in  any  county  or 
subdivision  thereof,  or  city  or  town,  as  a  prerequisite  for  voting  in  any 
election  for  officers,  other  than  the  members  of  the  General  Assembly,  to 
be  wholly  elected  by  the  voters  of  such  county  or  subdivision  thereof,  or 
city,  or  town  ;  such  action,  if  taken,  to  be  had  upon  the  initiative  of  a 
representative  in  the  General  Assembly  of  the  county,  city  or  town 
affected  :   provided,  that  the  General  Asseml)ly  in  its  discretion  may  make 


8  CONSTITUTION   OF  VIRGINIA. 

such  exemptions  fj'om  the  oporatiou  of  said  property  qualification  as  shall 
not  be  in  conflict  with  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States. 

Sec.  31.  There  shall  be  in  each  county  and  city  an  electoral  board, 
eoiniioscd  of  three  members,  appointed  by  the  circuit  court  of  the  comity 
or  the  corporation  court  of  the  city,  or  the  judge  of  the  court  in  vacation. 
Of  those  first  ai>pointed,  one  shall  be  appointed  for  a  term  of  one  year, 
one  for  a  term  of  two  years,  and  one  for  a  term  of  three  years;  and  there- 
after their  successors  shall  be  appointed  for  the  full  term  of  three  years. 
Any  vacancy  occurring  in  any  board  shall  l)e  filled  by  the  same  authority 
for  the  unexpired  term. 

Each  electoral  board  shall  appoint  the  judges,  clerks,  and  registrars  of 
election  for  its  county  or  city;  and,  in  appointing  judges  of  election,  rep- 
resentation as  far  as  possible  shall  be  given  to  each  of  the  two  political 
])arties  which,  at  the  general  election  next  preceding  their  appointment, 
cast  the  highest  and  next  highest  nimiber  of  votes. 

No  person,  nor  the  deputy  of  any  j^erson,  holding  any  office  or  post  of 
])rofit  or  emolument,  under  the  United  States  Government,  or  who  is  in 
the  omi)loyment  of  such  government,  or  holding  any  elective  office  of 
profit  or  trust  in  the  State,  or  in  any  county,  city,  or  town  thereof,  shall 
be  a})pointod  a  member  of  the  electoral  board,  or  registrar,  or  judge  of 
election. 

Sec.  32.  Every  person  qualified  to  vote  shail  be  eligible  to  any  office  of 
the  State,  or  of  any  count}^,  cit}',  town,  or  other  subdivision  of  the  State, 
wherein  he  resides,  except  as  otherwise  provided  in  this  Constitution,  and 
except  that  this  provision  as  to  residence  shall  not  apply  to  any  office  elec- 
tive by  llic  people  where  the  law  provides  otherwise.  Men  and  women 
eighteen  years  of  age  shall  be  eligible  to  the  office  of  notary  public,  and 
qualified  to  execute  the  bonds  required  of  them  in  that  capacity. 

See.  33.  The  terms  of  all  officers  elected  under  this  Constitution  shall 
begin  on  the  first  day  of  February  next  succeeding  their  election,  unless 
otherwise  provided  in  this  Constitution.  All  officers,  elected  or  appointed, 
shall  continue  to  discharge  the  duties  of  their  offices  after  their  terms  of 
service  have  expired  until  their  successors  have  qualified. 

Sec.  34.  Members  of  the  General  Assembly  and  all  officers,  executive 
and  judicial,  elected  or  appointed  after  this  Constitution  goes  into  effect, 
shall,  before  they  enter  on  the  performance  of  their  public  duties,  sev- 
erally take  and  subscribe  the  following  oath  or  affirmation: 

"I  do  solemnly  swear  (or  affirm)  that  I  will  support  the  Constitution 
of  the  United  States,  and  the  Constitution  of  the  State  of  Virginia  or- 
dained by  the  Convention  which  assembled  in  the  city  of  Richmond  on 
the  twelfth  day  of  June,  nineteen  hundred  and  one,  and  that  I  will  faith- 


CONSTITUTION  OF  VIKGIXIA.  l> 

fully  and  iiii]»ai't iall\  (liscliaryr  aiul  pci-rui-iii  all  tlu'  duties  incundjont  on 

me  as ,  according  to  Iho  best  of  my  ability;  so  help  me 

God." 

See.  35.  Xo  jjersou  shall  noIc  at  any  h'galized  [triiuary  election  for  the 
nomination  of  any  candidate  for  office  unless  he  is  at  the  time  registered 
and  qualified  to  vote  at  the  next  succeeding  election. 

Sec.  oil  The  General  Assembly  shall  enact  such  laws  as  are  necessary 
and  proper  for  the  purpose  of  securing  the  regularity  and  purity  of  gen- 
eral, local  and  primary  elections,  and  preventing  and  punishing  any  cor- 
rupt practices  in  connection  therewith;  and  shall  have  power,  in  addition 
to  other  penalties  and  punishments  now  or  hereafter  prescribed  by  law 
for  such  offences,  to  provide  that  persons  convicted  of  them  shall  thtu-e- 
after  be  disqualified  from  voting  or  holding  office. 

Sec.  37.  The  (Jeneral  Assembly  may  provide  for  the  use,  throughout 
the  State  or  in  any  one  or  more  counties,  cities,  or  towns  in  any  election, 
of  machines  for  receiving,  recording,  and  counting  the  votes  cast  thereat : 
provided,  that  the  secrecy  of  the  voting  be  not  thereby  impaired. 

See.  38.  After  the  first  day  of  January,  nineteen  hundred  and  four, 
the  treasurer  of  each  county  and  city  shall,  at  least  five  months  belViro 
each  regular  election,  file  with  the  clerk  of  the  circuit  court  of  his  county, 
or  of  the  corporation  court  of  his  city,  a  list  of  all  persons  in  his  county 
or  city,  who  have  paid  not  later  than  six  months  prior  to  such  election, 
the  state  poll  taxes  required  Ijy  this  Constitution  during  the  three  years 
next  preceding  that  in  which  such  election  is  held;  which  list  shall  be 
arranged  alphabetically,  by  magisterial  districts  or  wards,  shall  state  the 
white  and  colored  persons  scparatel}^,  and  shall  be  verified  by  the  oalh  of 
the  treasurer.  The  clerk,  within  ten  days  from  the  receipt  of  the  list, 
shall  make  and  certify  a  sufficient  number  of  copies  thereof,  and  shall 
deliver  one  copy  for  each  voting  place  in  his  county  or  city,  to  the  sheriff 
of  the  county  or  sergeant  of  the  citv,  whose  duty  it  shall  be  to  post  one 
copy,  without  delay,  at  each  of  the  voting-places,  and,  within  ten  days 
from  the  receipt  thereof,  to  make  return  on  oath  to  the  clerk,  as  to  the 
places  where  and  dates  at  which  said  copies  were  respectively  posted; 
which  return  the  clerk  shall  record  in  a  book  kept  in  his  office  foi-  the 
purpose;  and  he  shall  keep  in  his  office  for  public  inspection,  for  at  least 
sixty  days  after  receiving  the  list,  not  less  than  ten  certified  copies  thereof, 
and  also  cause  the  list  to  be  published  in  such  other  manner  as  may  be 
prescribed  by  law;  the  original  list  returned  by  the  treasurer  shall  be 
filed  and  preserved  hy  the  clerk  among  the  public  records  of  his  office  for 
at  least  five  years  affer  receiving  the  same.  Within  thirty  days  after  the 
list  has  been  so  posted,  any  person  who  shall  hav(>  paid  his  eaititation  tax, 


10  CONSTITUTION  OF  VIKGIXIA. 

but  whose  name  is  omitted  from  tlie  certified  list,  may,  after  five  days' 
written  notice  to  the  treasurer,  apply  to  the  circuit  court  of  his  county,  or 
•corporation  court  of  his  city,  or  to  the  judge  thereof  in  vacation,  to  have 
the  same  corrected  and  his  name  entered  thereon,  which  application  the 
•court  or  judge  shall  promptly  hear  and  decide. 

The  clerk  shall  deliver,  or  cause  to  be  delivered,  with  the  poll-books, 
at  a  reasonable  time  before  every  election,  to  one  of  the  judges  of  election 
•of  each  precinct  of  his  county  or  city,  a  like  certified  copy  of  the  list, 
which  shall  be  conclusive  evidence  of  the  facts  therein  stated  for  the  pur- 
pose of  voting.  The  clerk  shall  also,  within  sixty  days  after  the  filing  of 
the  list  by  the  treasurer,  forward  a  certified  copy  thereof,  with  such  cor- 
rections as  may  have  been  made  by  order  of  the  court  or  judge,  to  the 
Auditor  of  Public  Accounts,  who  shall  charge  the  amount  of  the  poll 
taxes  stated  therein  to  such  treasurer  unless  previously  accounted  for. 

Further  evidence  of  the  prepayment  of  the  capitation  taxes  required 
by  this  Constitution,  as  a  prerequisite  to  the  right  to  register  and  vote, 
may  be  prescribed  by  law. 

ARTICLE  III. 

DIVISION  OF  POWERS. 

Sec.  39.  Except  as  hereinafter  provided,  the  legislative,  executive,  and 
judiciary  departments  shall  be  separate  and  distinct,  so  that  neither  exer- 
cise the  powers  properly  belonging  to  either  of  the  others,  nor  any  person 
exercise  the  power  of  more  than  one  of  them  at  the  same  time. 


ARTICLE  IV. 

LEGISLATIVE  DEPARTMENT. 

Sec.  40.  The  legislative  power  of  the  State  shall  be  vested  in  a  General 
Assembl}^  which  shall  consist  of  a  Senate  and  House  of  Delegates. 

Sec.  41.  The  Senate  shall  consist  of  not  more  than  forty  and  not  less 
than  thirty-three  members^,  who  shall  be  elected  quadrennially  by  the 
voters  of  the  several  senatorial  districts,  on  the  Tuesday  succeeding  the 
first  Monday  in  November. 

Sec.  42.  The  House  of  Delegates  shall  consist  of  not  more  than  one 
hundred  and  not  less  than  ninetv  members,  who  shall  be  elected  bi-enni- 


CONSTITUTJON  OF  VIRGINIA.  11 

iilly  by  the  voIit.s  of  the  sevci'al  lioiise  districts,  on  the  Tuesday  succeeding 
the  first  Monday  in  November. 

Sec.  43.  Tlic  apportionment  of  the  State  into  senatorial  and  house  dis- 
tricts, made  by  the  acts  of  the  General  Assembly,  approved  xVpril  the 
second,  nineteen  hundred  and  two,  is  hereby  adopted;  but  a  re-apportion- 
ment may  be  made  in  the  year  nineteen  hundred  and  six,  and  shall  be 
made  in  the  year  nineteen  hundred  and  twelve,  and  every  tenth  year  tliere- 
.after. 

Sec.  44.  Any  person  may  be  elected  senator  who,  at  the  time  of  election, 
is  actually  a  resident  of  the  senatorial  district  and  qualified  to  vote  for 
members  of  the  General  Assembly ;  and  any  person  may  be  elected  a  mem- 
ber of  the  House  of  Delegates  who,  at  the  time  of  election,  is  actually  a 
resident  of  the  house  district  and  qualified  to  vote  for  members  of  the 
General  Assembly.  But  no  person  holding  a  salaried  office  under  the 
state  government,  and  no  judge  of  any  court,  attorney  for  the  Common- 
wealth, sheriff,  sergeant,  treasurer,  assessor  of  taxes,  commissioner  of  the 
revenue,  collector  of  taxes,  or  clerk  of  any  court,  shall  be  a  member  of 
•either  house  of  the  General  Assembly  during  his  continuance  in  office, 
and  the  election  of  any  such  person  to  either  house  of  the  General  Assem- 
bly, and  his  qualification  as  a  member  thereof,  shall  vacate  any  such  office 
held  by  him ;  and  no  person  holding  any  office  or  post  of  profit  or  emolu- 
ment under  the  United  States  Government  or  who  is  in  the  employment 
of  such  government,  shall  be  eligible  to  either  house.  The  removal  of  a 
senator  or  delegate  from  the  district  for  which  he  is  elected,  shall  vacate 
his  office. 

Sec.  45.  The  members  of  the  General  Assembly  shall  receive  for  their 
services  a  salary  to  be  fixed  by  law  and  paid  from  the  public  treasury; 
but  no  act  increasing  such  salary  shall  take  effect  until  after  the  end  of 
the  term  for  which  the  members  voting  thereon  were  elected ;  and  no 
member  during  the  term  for  which  he  shall  have  been  elected,  shall  be 
appointed  or  elected  to  any  civil  office  of  profit  in  the  State  except  offices 
filled  by  election  by  the  people. 

Sec.  46.  The  General  Assembly  shall  meet  once  in  two  years  on  tlie 
second  Wednesday  in  January  next  succeeding  the  election  of  the  mem- 
bers of  the  House  of  Delegates  and  not  oftener  unless  convened  in  the 
manner  prescribed  by  this  Constitution.  No  session  of  the  General  As- 
sembly, after  the  first  under  this  Constitution,  shall  continue  longer  than 
■sixty  days;  but  with  the  concurrence  of  three-fifths  of  the  members 
-elected  to  each  house,  the  session  ma)^  be  extended  for  a  period  not  ex- 
ceeding thirty  days.  Except  for  the  first  session  held  under  this  Constitu- 
tion, members  shall  be  allowed  a  salarv  for  not  exceeding  sixty  davs  at 


1'^  C'OX.^TITUTIOX  OF  VIRGINIA. 

any  regular  session,  .uul  for  not  exceeding  thirty  days  at  any  extra  ses- 
sion. Neither  honse  shall,  without  the  consent  of  the  other,  adjourn  to 
another  place  nor  for  more  than  three  days.  A  majority  of  the  members 
elected  to  each  house  shall  constitute  a  quorum  to  do  business,  but  a 
smaller  number  may  adjourn  from  day  to  day,  and  shall  have  power  to- 
compel  the  attendance  of  members  in  such  manner  and  under  such  pen- 
alty as  each  house  may  prescribe. 

Sec.  47.  The  House  of  Delegates  shall  choose  its  own  speaker;  and,  in 
the  absence  of  the  Lieutenant-Governor,  or  when  he  shall  exercise  the 
office  of  Governor,  the  Senate  shall  choose  from  their  own  body  a  presi- 
dent pro  tempore.  Each  house  shall  select  its  otficers,  settle  its  rules  of 
procedure,  and  direct  writs  of  election  for  supplying  vacancies  which  may 
occur  during  the  session  of  the  General  Assembly;  but,  if  vacancies  occur 
during  the  recess,  such  wj-its  may  1)0  issued  by  the  Governor,  under  such 
regulations  as  may  be  prescribed  by  law.  Each  house  shall  judge  of  the 
election,  qualification,  and  returns  of  its  members;  may  punish  them  fo~ 
disorderly  behavior,  and,  with  the  concurrence  of  two-thirds,  expel  a 
member. 

Sec.  48.  ifembers  of  the  General  Assembly  shall,  in  all  cases,  except 
treason,  felony,  or  breach  of  the  peace,  be  privileged  from  arrest  during 
the  sessions  of  their  respective  houses;  and  for  any  speech  or  debate  in 
either  house  shall  not  be  questioned  in  any  other  place.  They  shall  not  be 
subject  to  arrest,  under  any  civil  process,  during  the  sessions  of  the  Gen- 
eral Assembly,  or  the  fifteen  days  next  before  the  beginning  or  after  the 
ending  of  any  session. 

Sec.  49.  Each  house  shall  keep  a  journal  of  its  proceedings,  which  shall 
be  published  from  time  to  time,  and  the  j-eas  and  nays  of  the  members  of 
either  house  on  any  question  shall,  at  the  desire  of  one-fifth  of  those  pres- 
ent, be  entered  on  the  journal. 

Sec.  50.  No  law  shall  be  enacted  except  by  bill.  A  bill  may  originate 
in  either  house,  to  be  approved  or  rejected  by  the  other,  or  may  be 
amended  by  either,  with  the  concurrence  of  the  other. 

Xo  bill  shall  become  a  law  unless,  prior  to  its  passage,  it  has  been, 

(a)  Referred  to  a  committee  of  each  house,  considered  bv  such  com- 
mittee in  session,  and  reported; 

(b)  Printed  by  the  house,  in  which  it  originated,  prior  to  its  passage 
therein ; 

(c)  Read  at  length  on  three  different  calendar  days  in  each  houso: 
and  unless, 

(d)  A  yea  and  nay  vote  has  been  taken  in  each  house  upon  its  final 
passage,  the  names  of  the  membrrs  voting  for  and  against  entered  nn  the 


COXSTITUTIOX  or  VIKGINIA.  13 

journal,  and  a  majority  of  lliosc  votin<!',  which  shall  include  at  least  two- 
iifths  of  the  members  elected  Iq  each  house,  recorded  in  the  affirmative. 

And  only  in  the  manner  required  in  subdivision  (d)  of  this  section 
shall  an  amendment  to  a  bill  by  one  house  be  concurred  in  by  the  other, 
or  a  conference  report  be  adopted  by  either  house,  or  either  house  dis- 
■charge  a  commitee  from  the  consideration  of  a  bill  and  consider  the  same 
as  if  reported;  provided  that  the  printing  and  reading,  or  either,  required 
in  subdivisions  (b)  and  (c)  of  this  section,  may  be  dispensed  with  in  a 
bill  to  codify  the  laws  of  the  State,  and  in  any  case  of  emergency  by  a 
vote  of  four-fifths  of  the  members  voting  in  each  house  taken  by  the  yeas 
and  nays,  the  names  of  the  members  voting  for  and  against,  entered  on 
the  journal;  and  provided  further,  that  no  bill  which  creates,  or  estab- 
lishes a  new  office,  or  which  creates,  continues,  or  revives  a  debt  or 
■charge,  or  makes,  continues  or  revives  any  appropriation  of  puljlic  or 
trust  mone}',  or  property,  or  releases,  discharges  or  commutes  any  claim 
■or  demand  of  the  State,  or  which  imposes,  continues  or  revives  a  tax, 
shall  be  passed  except  by  the  affirmative  vote  of  a  majority  of  all  the  mem- 
bers elected  to  each  house,  the  vote  to  be  by  the  yeas  and  nays,  and  the 
names  of  the  members  voting  for  and  against,  entered  on  the  journal. 
Every  law  imposing,  continuing  or  reviving  a  tax  shall  specifically  state 
■such  tax  and  no  law  shall  be  construed  as  so  stating  such  tax,  which  re- 
quires a  reference  to  any  other  law  or  any  other  tax.  The  presiding 
officer  of  each  house  shall,  in  the  presence  of  the  house  over  which  he  pre- 
sides, sign  every  bill  that  has  been  passed  by  both  houses  and  duly  en- 
rolled. Immediately  before  this  is  done,  all  other  business  being  sus- 
pended, the  title  of  the  bill  shall  be  publicly  read.  The  fact  of  signing 
shall  be  entered  on  the  journal. 

Sec.  51.  There  shall  be  a  joint  committee  of  the  General  Assembly, 
consisting  of  seven  members  appointed  by  the  House  of  Delegates,  and 
five  members  appointed  by  the  Senate,  which  shall  be  a  standing  commit- 
tee on  special,  private,  and  local  legislation.  Before  reference  to  a  com- 
mitteee,  as  provided  by  section  Fifty,  any  special,  private,  or  local  bill 
introduced  in  either  house  shall  be  referred  to  and  considered  by  such 
joint  committee  and  returned  to  the  house  in  which  it  originated  with  a 
statement  in  writing  whether  the  object  of  the  bill  can  be  accomplished 
Tinder  general  law  or  by  court  proceeding;  whereupon,  the  bill,  with  the 
accompanying  statement,  shall  take  the  course  provided  by  section  Fifty. 
The  joint  committee  may  be  discharged  from  the  consideration  of  a  bill 
l)y  the  house  in  which  it  originated  in  the  manner  provided  in  section 
Fifty  for  the  discharge  of  other  committees. 

Sec.  52.  Xo  law  shall  embrace  more  than  one  object,  which  shall  be  ex- 


14  COXSTITUTIOX   OF  VIIJGIXIA. 

pressed  in  its  title;  nor  shall  any  law  be  revived  or  amended  with  refer- 
ence to  its  title,  but  the  act  revived  or  the  section  amended  shall  be  re- 
enacted  and  published  at  length. 

Sec.  53.  Xo  law,  except  a  general  appropriation  law,  shall  take  effect 
until  at  least  ninety  days  after  the  adjournment  of  the  session  of  the- 
General  Assembly  at  which  it  is  enacted,  unless  in  case  of  an  emergency 
(which  emergenc)^  shall  be  expressed  in  the  body  of  the  bill),  the  Gen- 
oral  Assembly  shall  othervsise  direct  by  a  vote  of  four-fifths  of  the  mem- 
bers voting  in  each  house,  such  vote  to  be  taken  by  the  3-eas  and  nays,  and 
the  names  of  the  members  voting  for  and  against  entered  on  the  Journal. 

Sec.  54.  The  Governor,  Lieutenant-Governor,  Attorney-General,, 
judges,  members  of  the  State  Corporation  Commission,  and  executive 
officers  at  the  seat  of  government,  and  all  officers  appointed  b;^  the  Gov- 
ernor or  elected  by  the  General  Assemblv,  offending  against  the  State  by 
malfeasance  in  office,  corruption,  neglect  of  duty,  or  other  high  crime  or 
misdemeanor,  may  be  impeached  by  the  House  of  Delegates,  and  prose- 
cuted before  the  Senate  which  shall  have  the  sole  power  to  try  impeach- 
ment. When  sitting  for  that  purpose,  the  senators  shall  be  on  oath  or 
affirmation,  and  no  person  shall  be  convicted  without  the  concurrence  of 
two-thirds  of  the  senators  present.  Judgment  in  case  of  impeachment 
shall  not  extend  further  than  removal  from  office  and  disqualification  to- 
hold  and  enjoy  any  office  of  honor,  trust,  or  profit  under  the  State;  but 
the  person  convicted  shall  nevertheless  be  subject  to  indictment,  trials 
judgment,  and  punishment  according  to  law.  The  Senate  may  sit  during 
the  recess  of  the  General  Assembly  for  the  trial  of  impeachments. 

Sec.  55.  The  General  Assembly  shall  by  law  apportion  the  State  into  dis- 
tricts, corresponding  with  the  mmiber  of  representatives  to  which  it  may 
be  entitled  in  the  House  of  Representatives  of  the  Congress  of  the  United 
States;  which  districts  shall  be  composed  of  contiguous  and  compact  ter- 
ritory containing,  as  nearly  as  practicable,  an  equal  number  of  inhabit- 
ants. 

Sec.  56.  The  manner  of  conducting  and  making  returns  of  elections,. 
of  determining  contested  elections,  and  of  filling  vacancies  in  office,  in 
cases  not  specially  provided  for  by  this  Constitution,  shall  be  prescribed 
by  law,  and  tlie  General  Assembly  may  declare  the  cases  in  which  any 
office  shall  be  deemed  vacant  where  no  provision  is  made  for  that  purpose 
in  this  Constitution. 

Sec.  57.  The  General  Assembly  shall  have  power,  by  a  two-thirds  vote, 
to  remove  disabilities  incurred  under  section  Twenty-three,  of  Article- 
Two,  of  this  Constitution,  with  reference  to  duelling. 

Sec.  58.  The  privilege  of  the  writ  of  habeas  corpus  shall  not  be  ?us- 


CONSTITUTION  OF  VIKGINIA.  15- 

pended  unless  when  in  cases  of  invasion  or  rebellion,  tlic  public  safety 
may  require.  The  General  Assembly  shall  not  pass  any  bill  of  attainder, 
or  any  ex  post  facto  law,  or  any  law  impairing  the  obligation  of  contracts^ 
or  any  law  abridging  the  freedom  of  speech  or  of  the  press.  Jt  shall  not 
enact  any  law  whereby  private  property  shall  be  taken  or  damaged  for 
public  uses,  without  just  compensation.  No  man  shall  be  compelled  la 
frequent  or  support  any  religious  worship,  place,  or  ministry  whatsoever, 
nor  shall  be  enforced,  restrained,  molested,  or  burthened  in  his  body  or 
goods,  nor  shall  otherwise  suffer  on  account  of  his  religious  opinions  or 
belief;  but  all  men  shall  be  free  to  profess,  and  by  argument  to  maintain^ 
their  opinions  in  matters  of  religion,  and  the  same  shall  in  no  wise  dimin- 
ish, enlarge,  or  affect  their  civil  capacities.  And  the  General  Assembly 
shall  not  prescribe  any  religious  test  whatever, or  confer  any  peculiar  privi- 
leges or  advantages  on  any  sect  or  denomination,  or  pass  any  law  requiring 
or  authorizing  any  religious  society,  or  the  people  of  any  district  within 
this  State,  to  levy  on  themselves  or  others  any  tax  for  the  erection  or 
repair  of  any  house  of  public  worship,  or  for  the  support  of  any  church 
or  ministry;  but  it  shall  be  left  free  to  ever}^  person  to  select  his  religious 
instructor,  and  to  make  for  his  support  such  private  contract  as  he  shall 
please. 

Sec.  59.  The  General  Assondjly  shall  not  grant  a  charter  of  incorpora- 
tion to  any  church  or  religious  denomination,  but  may  secure  the  title  to 
church  property  to  an  extent  to  be  limited  by  law. 

See.  GO.  No  lottery  shall  hereafter  be  authorized  by  law;  and  the  buy- 
ing, selling,  or  transferring  of  tickets  or  chances  in  any  lottery  shall  be 
prohibited. 

Sec.  61.  No  new  county  shall  be  formed  with  an  area  of  less  than  six 
hundred  square  miles ;  nor  shall  the  county  or  counties  from  which  it  is- 
formed  be  reduced  below  that  area  ;  nor  shall  any  county  be  reduced  in 
population  below  eight  thousand.  But  any  county,  the  length  of  which  is 
three  times  its  mean  breadth,  or  which  exceeds  fifty  miles  in  length,  may 
be  divided  at  the  discretion  of  the  General  Assembly. 

Sec.  ()2.  The  General  Assembly  sliall  have  full  power  to  enact  local 
option  or  dispensary  laws,  or  any  other  laws  controlling,  regulating,  or 
prohibiting  the  manufacture  or  sale  of  intoxicating  liquors. 

Sec.  Go.  The  General  Asseml)ly  sliall  confer  on  the  courts  ])o\ver  to 
grant  divorces,  change  the  names  of  persons,  and  direct  the  sale  of  estates 
belonging  to  infants  and  other  persons  under  legal  disabilities,  and  sliall 
not,  by  special  legislation,  grant  relief  in  these  or  other  cases  of  which 
the  courts  or  other  tribunals  may  have  jurisdiction.  The  General  Assem- 
bly may  regulate  the  exercise  by  courts  of  the  right  to  punish  for  con- 


-[{}  CONSTITUTION  OF  VIKGINIA. 

tempt.     Tlie  tiencral  Assembly  sliall  not  enact  any  local,  special,  or  pri- 
vate law  in  the  following  cases: 

1.  For  the  punishment  of  crime. 

2.  Providino-  a  change  of  venue  in  civil  or  criminal  cases. 

:;.  Regulating  the  practice  in,  or  the  jurisdiction  of,  or  changing  the 
rules  of  evidence  in  any  judicial  proceedings  or  inquiry  before,  the  courts 
or  other  tribunals,  or  providing  or  changing  the  methods  of  collecting 
debts  or  enforcing  judgments,  or  prescribing  the  etfect  of  judicial  sales 
of  real  estate. 

4.  Changing  or  locating  county  seats. 

5.  For  the  assessment  and  collection  of  taxes,  except  as  to  animals 
which  the  General  Assembly  may  deem  dangerous  to  the  farming  in- 
terests. 

6.  Extending  tliie  time  for  the  assessn^ent  or  collection  of  taxes. 
T.  Exempting  property  from  taxation. 

8.  Eemitting,  releasing,  postponing,  or  diminishing  any  obligation  or 
liability  of  any  person,  corporation,  or  association,  to  the  State  or  to  any 
political  sidjdivision  thereof. 

9.  Refunding  money  lawfully  paid  into  the  treasury  of  the  State  or 
the  treasury  of  any  political  subdivision  thereof. 

10.  Granting  from  the  treasury  of  the  State,  or  granting  or  authorizing 
to  be  granted  from  the  treasury  of  any  political  subdivision  thereof,  any 
extra  compensation  to  any  public  officer,  servant,- agent,  or  contractor. 

11.  For  conducting  elections  or  designating  the  ijlaces  of  voting. 

12.  Regulating  labor,  trade,  mining  or  manufacturing,  or  the  rate  of 
interest  on  money. 

13.  Granting  any  pension  or  pensions. 

14.  Creating,  increasing,  or  decreasing,  or  authorizing  to  be  created, 
increased,  or  decreased,  the  salaries,  fees,  percentages,  or  allowances  of 
public  officers  during  the  term  for  which  they  are  elected  or  appointed. 

15.  Declaring  streams  navigable,  or  authorizing  the  construction  of 
booms  or  dams  therein,  or  the  removal  of  obstructions  therefrom. 

16.  Affecting  or  regulating  fencing  or  the  boundaries  of  land,  or  the 
running  at  large  of  stock. 

17.  Creating  private  corporations,  or  amending,  renewing,  or  extending 
the  charters  thereof. 

18.  Granting  to  any  private  corporation,  association,  or  individual  any 
special  or  exclusive  right,  privilege  or  immunitv. 

19.  Xaming  or  changing  the  name  of  any  private  corporation  or  asso- 
ciation. 

20.  Eemitting  the  forfeiture  of  the  charter  of  any  private  corporation 


COXSTITITIOX  OF  VIHGIXIA.  ]7 

except  ujion  the  c-oii(liti(jn  that  .-ucli  (.-oi'jKtraiioii  >\\n\\  iluTeaftiT  hold  its 
charter  subject  to  the  provisions  of  this  Constitution  and  the  hiws  passed 
in  pursuance  thereof. 

Sec.  64.  In  all  the  eases  enumerated  in  the  last  section,  and  iu  eveiT 
other  case  which,  in  its  jndgment,  niav  be  provided  for  by  general  laws, 
the  General  Assembly  shall  enact  ocneral  laws.  Any  general  law  shall  be 
subject  to  amendment  or  repeal,  but  the  amendment  or  partial  re])eal 
thereof  shall  not  operate  directly  or  indirectly  to  enact,  and  shall  not  have 
the  effect  of  the  enactment  of  a  special,  private,  or  local  law. 

No  general  or  special  law  shall  surrender  or  suspend  the  right  and 
power  of  the  State,  or  any  political  subdivision  thereof,  to  tax  corpora- 
tions and  cor])orate  pro])erty,  except  as  authorized  by  Article  Thirt(>en. 
No  private  corporation,  association,  or  individual  shall  be  specially  ex- 
empted from  the  operation  of  any  general  la^v,  nor  shall  its  operation  be 
susjiended  for  the  benefit  of  any  private  corporation,  association,  or  in- 
dividual. 

Sec.  ().").  The  General  Assembly  may,  by  general  laws,  confer  upon  the 
boards  of  sujiervisors  of  counties,  and  the  councils  of  cities  and  towns, 
such  powers  of  local  and  special  legislation,  as  it  may  from  time  to  time 
deem  expedient,  not  inconsistent  with  the  limitations  contained  in  this 
Constitution. 

Sec.  GG.  The  Clerk  of  the  House  of  Delegates  shall  be  Keeper  of  the 
Eolls  of  the  State  but  shall  receive  no  compensation  from  the  State  for 
his  services  as  such. 

The  General  Assembly  by  general  law^  shall  prescribe  the  number  of 
employees  of  the  Senate  and  House  of  Delegates,  including  the  clerks 
thereof,  and  fix  their  compensation  at  a  per  diem  for  the  time  actually- 
employed  in  the  discharge  of  their  duties. 

Sec.  ()7.  The  General  Assembly  shall  not  make  any  appropriation  of 
public  funds,  of  pergonal  property,  or  of  any  real  estate,  to  any  church,  or 
sectarian  society,  association,  or  institution  of  any  kind  whatever,  which 
is  entirely  or  partly,  directly  or  indirectly,  controlled  by  any  church  or 
sectarian  society;  nor  shall  the  General  Assembly  make  any  like  apjiro- 
priation  to  any  charitable  institution,  which  is  not  owned  or  controlled 
by  the  State;  except  that  it  may,  in  its  discretion,  make  appropriations  to 
non-sectarian  institutions  for  the  reform  of  youthful  criminals:  but 
nothing  herein  contained  shall  prohiliit  the  General  iVssemI)ly  from  au- 
thorizing counties,  cities,  or  towns  to  make  such  appropriations  to  anv 
charitable  institution  or  association. 

Sec.  6S.  The  General  Assembly  shall,  at  each  regular  session,  a^ijioint 
a  standing  committee,  consisting  of  two  meml)ers  of  the  Senate  and  tbi-ee 
2 


IS  CONSTITUTION  OF  VIRGINIA. 

members  of  the  House  of  Delegates,  which  shall  be  known  as  the  Auditing 
Committee.  Such  committee  shall  annually,  or  oftener  in  its  discretion, 
examine  the  books  and  accounts  of  the  First  Auditor,  the  State  Treasurer, 
tbe  Secretary  of  the  Commonwealth,  and  other  executive  officers  at  the 
seat  of  government  whose  duties  pertain  to  auditing  or  accounting  for  the 
state  revenue,  report  the  result  of  its  investigations  to  the  Governor,  and 
cause  the  same  to  be  published  in  two  newspapers  of  general  circulation 
in  the  State.  The  Governor  shall,  at  the  beginning  of  each  session,  sub- 
mit said  reports  to  the  General  Assembly  for  appropriate  action.  The 
committee  may  sit  during  the  recess  of  the  General  Assembly,  receive 
such  compensation  as  may  be  prescribed  by  law,  and  employ  one  or  more 
accountants  to  assist  in  its  investigations. 

ARTICLE  y. 

EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 

Sec.  69.  The  chief  executive  power  of  the  State  shall  be  vested  in  a 
Governor.  He  shall  hold  office  for  a  term  of  four  years,  to  commence  on 
the  first  day  of  February  next  succeeding  his  election,  and  be  ineligible 
to  the  sam-e  office  for  the  term  next  succeeding  that  for  which  he  was 
elected,  and  to  any  other  office  during  his  term  of  service. 

Sec.  TO.  The  Governor  shall  be  elected  by  the  qualified  voters  of  the 
State  at  the  time  and  place  of  choosing  members  of  the  General  Assembly. 
Eeturns  of  the  election  shall  be  transmitted,  under  seal,  b}''  the  proper 
officers,  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Commonwealth,  who  shall  deliver  them  to 
the  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Delegates  on  the  first  day  of  the  next  session 
of  the  General  Assembly.  The  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Delegates  shall, 
within  one  week  thereafter,  in  the  presence  of  a  majority  of  the  Senate 
and  of  the  House  of  Delegates,  open  the  returns,  and  the  votes  shall  then 
be  counted.  The  person  having  the  highest  number  of  votes  shall  be 
declared  elected ;  but  if  two  or  more  shall  have  the  highest  and  an  equal 
number  of  votes,  one  of  them  shall  be  chosen  Governor  by  the  joint  vote 
of  the  two  houses  of  the  General  Assembly.  Contested  elections  for  Gov- 
ernor shall  be  decided  by  a  like  vote,  and  the  mode  of  proceeding  in  such 
cases  shall  be  prescribed  by  law. 

Sec.  71.  Xo  person  except  a  citizen  of  the  United  States  shall  be  eligi- 
ble to  the  office  of  Governor;  and  if  such  person  be  of  foreign  birth,  he 
must  have  been  a  citizen  of  the  United  States  for  ten  years  next  preceding 
his  election ;  nor  shall  any  person  be  eligible  to  that  office  unless  he  shall 


CONST ITITIOX    OK   \ll;(ilMA.  19 

kivc  attained  tlio  age  of  thirty  years,  and  liave  been  a  resident  of  the 
State  for  five  years  next  preceding  liis  election. 

Sec.  72.  The  Governor  siiall  rcsi(h'  at  tlie  seat  of  government;  sliall 
receive  five  thousand  dolhirs  for  eacli  year  of  his  service,  and  wliile  in 
office  shall  receive  n.o  other  eniolunient  from  tliis  or  any  other  govern- 
ment. 

Sec.  73.  The  Governor  shall  take  care  that  the  laws  l)e  faithfullv  exe- 
euted;  commnnicate  to  the  General  Assemldy,  at  every  session,  the  con- 
dition of  the  State;  recommend  to  its  consideration  such  measures  as  he 
may  deem  expedient,  and  convene  the  General  Assembly  on  application 
of  two-thirds  of  the  members  of  both  houses  thereof,  or  when,  in  his 
opinion,  the  interest  of  the  State  may  n'quire.  He  shall  be  commander- 
in-chief  of  the  land  and  naval  forces  of  the  State;  have  power  to  embody 
the  militia  to  repel  invasion,  suppress  insurrection  and  enforce  the  execu- 
tion of  the  laws;  conduct,  either  in  person  or  in  such  manner  as  shall  bo 
prescribed  by  law,  all  intercourse  with  other  and  foreign  states;  and, 
during  the  recess  of  the  General  Assembly,  shall  have  power  to  suspend 
from  office  for  misbehavior,  incapacity,  neglect  of  official  duty,  or  acts 
performed  without  due  authority  of  law,  all  executive  officers  at  the  seat 
of  government  except  the  Lieutenant-Governor;  but.  in  any  case  in  which 
this  power  is  so  exercised,  the  Governor  shall  report  to  the  General  As- 
sembly, at  the  beginning  of  the  next  session  thereof,  the  fact  of  such 
suspension  and  the  cause  therefor,  whereupon  the  General  Assembly  shall 
determine  Avhether  such  officer  shall  be  restored  or  finally  removed;  and 
the  Governor  shall  have  power,  during  the  recess  of  the  General  Assem- 
bly, to  appoint,  pro  tern  pore,  successors  to  all  officers  so  suspended,  and  to 
fill,  pro  tempore,  vacancies  in  all  offices  of  the  State  for  the  filling  of 
which  the  Constitution  and  laws  make  no  other  provision  ;  but  his  ap- 
pointments to  such  vacancies  shall  be  by  commissions  to  expire  at  the  end 
of  thirty  days  after  the  commencement  of  the  next  session  of  the  Gen- 
eral Assembly.  He  shall  have  power  to  remit  fines  and  penalties  in  such 
cases,  and  under  such  rules  and  regulations,  as  may  be  prescribed  by  law, 
and  except  when  the  prosecution  has  1>een  carried  on  1)y  the  House  of 
Delegates,  to  grant  reprieves  and  pardons  after  conviction  ;  to  remove 
political  divsabilities  consequent  upon  conviction  for  offences  committed 
prior  or  subsequent  to  the  adoption  of  this  Constitution,  and  to  commute 
capital  punishment;  but  he  shall  communicate  to  the  General  Assembly, 
at  each  session,  particulars  of  every  case  of  fine  or  penalty  remitted,  of 
reprieve  or  pardon  granted,  and  of  punishment  commutcf],  with  his  rea- 
sons for  remitting,  granting,  or  commuting  the  same. 

Sec.   74.  The   Governor  may   require   information   in    writing,   under 


20  CONSTITUTION  OF  VIRGINIA. 

oath,  from  the  officers  of  the  executive  department  and  superintendents 
of  state  institutions  upon  any  subject  relating  to  the  duties  of  their  re- 
spective offices  and  institutions;  and  lie  may  inspect  at  any  time  their 
official  Ijooks,  accounts  and  vouchers,  and  ascertain  the  condition  of  the 
public  funds  in  their  charge,  and  in  that  connection  may  employ  ac- 
couniants.  lie  may  require  the  opinion  in  writing  of  the  Attorney-Gen- 
eral upon  any  question  of  law  affecting  the  oificial  duties  of  the  Governor. 

Sc'c.  7.").  Commissions  and  grants  shall  run  in  the  name  of  the  Com- 
monwcallb  of  N'irgiiiia.  and  1)0  attested  by  the  Governor,  with  the  seal  of 
the  Commonwealth  annexed. 

Sec.  T().  Every  bill,  which  shall  liave  passed  tlie  Senate  and  House  of 
Delegates,  shall,  before  it  becomes  a  law,  be  presented  to  the  Governor. 
If  he  approve,  he  shall  sign  it ;  but,  if  not,  he  may  return  it  with  his  ob- 
jections to  the  house  in  which  it  originated,  which  shall  enter  the  objec- 
tions at  large  on  its  journal  and  proceed  to  reconsider  the  same.  If,  after 
such  consideration,  two-tliirds  of  the  members  present,  which  two-thirds 
shall  include  a  majority  of  the  members  elected  to  that  house,  shall  agree 
to  pass  the  bill  it  sliall  be  sent,  together  with  the  objections,  to  the  other 
house,  by  which  it  shall  likewise  be  reconsidered,  and  if  approved  by  two- 
thirds  of  all  the  members  present,  which  two-thirds  shall  include  a  ma- 
jority of  the  members  elected  to  that  house,  it  shall  become  a  law,  not- 
withstanding the  objections.  The  Governor  shall  have  the  power  to  veto 
any  particular  item  or  items  of  an  appropriation  bill,  but  the  veto  shall 
not  affect  the  item  or  items  to  which  he  docs  not  object.  The  item  or 
items  oltjccted  to  shall  not  talce  effect  except  in  the  manner  lieretofore 
])rovided  in  tliis  section  as  to  bills  returned  to  the  General  Assembly  with- 
out his  a])prova].  If  lie  approve  the  general  purpose  of  any  bill,  but  dis- 
approve any  part  or  jiarts  thereof,  he  may  return  it.  with  recommenda- 
tions for  its  amendment,  to  the  house  in  w'hich  it  originated,  whereupon 
the  same  proceedings  shall  be  had  in  both  houses  upon  the  bill  and  his 
recommendations  in  relation  to  its  amendment,  as  is  above  provided  in 
relation  to  a  bill  which  he  shall  have  returned  Avithout  his  approval,  and 
with  his  objections  thereto :  provided,  that  if  after  such  reconsideration, 
both  houses,  by  a  vote  of  a  majority  of  the  members  present  in  each,  shall 
agree  to  amend  the  bill  in  accordance  with  his  recommendations  in  rela- 
tion thereto,  or  either  house  by  such  vote  shall  fail  or  refuse  to  so  amend 
it,  then,  and  in  either  case  the  hill  shall  be  again  sent  to  him,  and  he  may 
act  upon  it  as  if  it  were  then  before  him  for  the  first  time.  But  in  all  the 
cases  above  set  forth  the  votes  of  both  houses  shall  be  determined  by  ay»  - 
and  noes,  and  the  names  of  the  members  voting  for  and  against  the  bill. 
or  item  or  items  of  an  appropriation  bill,  shall  be  entered  on  the  journal 


CONSTITUTION   01'   NIKCJINIA.  '  21 

of  each  hoiipe.  If  any  bill  shall  not  he  ivlurned  by  the  Governor  within 
live  days  (Snnday  excejited)  after  it  shall  have  been  presented  to  him, 
the  same  shall  he  a  law  in  like  mannt'i'  as  if  lu-  had  signed  it,  unless  the 
General  Assembly  shall.  In-  final  adjoui'nnicnt,  prevent  such  return;  in 
which  case  it  shall  be  a  law  if  ajiproved  hy  the  Governor  in  the  manner 
and  to  the  extent  above  provided,  within  ten  days  after  such  adjourn- 
ment, but  not  otherwise. 

Sec.  7T.  A  Lieutenant-Governor  shall  he  elected  at  the  same  time  and 
for  the  same  term  as  the  Governor,  and  his  qualilications  and  the  man- 
ner and  ascertainment  of  his  election,  in  all  respects,  shall  be  the  same. 

Sec.  78.  In  case  of  the  removal  of  the  Governor  from  office,  or  of  his 
death,  failure  to  qualify,  resignation,  removal  from  the  State,  or  inability 
to  discharge  the  powers  and  duties  of  the  office,  the  said  othce,  with  its 
compensation,  shall  devolve  upon  the  Lieutenant-Governor;  and  the  Gen- 
eral Assembly  shall  provide  by  law  for  the  discharge  of  the  executive 
functions  in  other  necessary  cases. 

Sec.  79.  The  Lieutenant-Governor  shall  be  president  of  the  Senate,  but 
shall  have  no  vote  except  in  case  of  an  equal  division ;  and  while  acting  as 
such,  shall  receive  a  compensation  equal  to  that  allowed  to  the  Speaker  of 
the  House  of  Delegates. 

Sec.  80.  A  Secretary  of  the  Commonwealth  shall  be  elected  by  the 
qualified  voters  of  the  State  at  the  same  time  and  for  the  same  term  as 
the  Governor;  and  the  fact  of  his  election  shall  be  ascertained  as  in  the 
case  of  the  Governor.  He  shall  kee])  a  daily  record  of  the  official  acts  of 
the  Governor,  which  shall  be  signed  by  the  Governor  and  attested  by  the 
Secretary,  and,  when  required,  he  shall  lay  the  same,  and  any  papers, 
minutes  and  vouchers  pertaining  to  his  office,  before  either  house  of  the 
General  Assembly.  He  shall  discharge  such  other  duties  as  may  be  pre- 
scribed by  law.  All  fees  received  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Commonwealth 
shall  be  paid  into  the  treasury  monthly. 

Sec.  81.  A  State  Treasurer  shall  be  elected  by  the  qualified  voters  of 
the  State  at  the  same  time  and  for  the  same  term  as  the  Governor;  and 
the  fact  of  his  election  shall  be  ascertained  in  the  sanu'  manner.  His 
powers  and  duties  shall  be  prescribed  by  law. 

Sec.  82.  An  Auditor  of  Public  Accounts  shall  be  elected  by  the  joint 
vote  of  the  two  houses  of  the  General  Assembly  for  the  term  of  four  years. 
His  powers  and  duties  shall  be  prescribed  by  law. 

Sec.  83.  The  salary  of  each  officer  of  the  Executive  Department,  except 
in  those  cases  where  the  salary  is  determined  by  this  Constitution,  shall  be 
fixed  by  law ;  and  the  salary  of  no  such  officer  shall  be  increased  or  dimin- 
ished during  the  term  for  which  he  shall  have  been  elected  or  appointed. 


23  CONSTITUTION  OF  VIRGINIA. 

Sec.  84.  The  Genoi-al  Assembly  sliall  provide  by  law  for  the  establish- 
ment and  maintenance  of  an  efficient  system  of  checks  and  balances  be- 
tween the  officers  at  the  seat  of  government  entrusted  with  the  collection,, 
receipt,  custody,  or  disbursement  of  the  revenues  of  the  State. 

Sec.  8.").  All  stale  officers,  and  their  deputies,  assistants  or  employees, 
charged  with  the  collection,  custody,  handling  or  disbursement  of  public 
funds,  shall  be  required  to  give  bond  for  the  faithful  ]^erformance  of  such 
duties;  the  amount  of  such  bond  in  each  case,  and  the  manner  in  which 
security  shall  be  furnished,  to  be  specified  and  regulated  by  law. 

Sec.  8().  The  General  Assembly  shall  have  power  to  establish  and  main- 
tain a  Bureau  of  Labor  and  Statistics,  under  such  regulations  as  may  be 
prescribed  by  law. 

AETICLE  VI. 

JUDICIARY  DEPART:\rENT. 

Sec.  87.  The  Judiciary  Department  shall  consist  of  a  Supreme  Court 
of  Appeals,  circuit  courts,  city  courts,  and  such  other  courts  as  are  here- 
inafter authorized.  The  jurisdiction  of  these  tribunals  and  the  judges 
thereof,  except  so  far  as  conferred  by  this  Constitution,  shall  be  regu- 
lated by  law. 

Sec.  88.  The  Supreme  Court  of  Appeals  shall  consist  of  five  judges,, 
any  three  of  whom  may  hold  a  court.  It  shall  have  original  jurisdiction 
in  cases  of  liaheas  curpiis,  mandamus,  and  prohibition;  but  in  all  other 
cases,  in  which  it  shall  have  jurisdiction,  it  shall  have  appellate  jurisdic- 
tion only. 

Subject  to  such  reasonalde  rules,  as  may  be  prescribed  by  law,  as  to  the 
course  of  appeal,  the  limitation  as  to  time,  the  security  required,  if  any, 
the  granting  or  refusing  of  appeals,  and  the  procedure  therein,  it  shall. 
by  virtue  of  this  Constitution,  have  appellate  jurisdiction  in  all  cases  in- 
volving the  constitutionality  of  a  law  as  being  repugnant  to  the  Constitu- 
tion of  this  State  or  of  the  United  States,  or  involving  the  life  or  liberty 
of  any  person ;  and  it  shall  also  have  appellate  jurisdiction  in  such  other 
cases,  within  the  limits  hereinafter  defined,  as  may  be  prescribed  by  law; 
l)ut  no  api)eal  shall  be  allowed  to  the  Commonwealth  in  any  case  involv- 
ing the  life  or  liberty  of  a  person,  except  that  an  appeal  by  the  Common- 
wealth may  be  allowed  by  law  in  any  case  involving  the  violation  of  a  law 
relating  to  the  state  revenue.  Xo  liond  shall  be  required  of  any  accused 
person  as  a  condition  of  appeal,  but  a  supersedeas  bond  may  be  required 
where  the  only  punishment  imposed  in  the  court  below  is  a  fine. 

The  court  shall  not  have  jurisdiction  in  civil  cases  where  the  matter  in 


CONSTITUTION  OF  VIRGINIA.  23 

controversy,  exclusive  of  costs  and  of  interest  accrued  since  tlie  judgment 
in  the  court  below,  is  less  in  value  or  amount  than  three  hundred  dollars,, 
except  in  controversies  concerning  the  title  to,  or  boundaries  of  land,  the 
condemnation  of  property,  the  probate  of  a  will,  the  ap])ointmeiit  or  quali- 
fication of  a  personal  rei)resentative,  guardian,  committee,  or  curator,  or 
concerning  a  mill,  roadway,  ferrv,  or  landing,  or  the  right  of  the  State,, 
county,  or  municipal  corporation,  to  levy  tolls  or  taxes,  or  involving  the 
construction  of  any  statute,  ordinance  or  county  proceeding  imposing 
taxes;  and,  except  in  cases  of  Jiabeas  corpus,  7nandamus,  and  prohibition, 
the  constitutionality  of  a  law,  or  some  other  matter  not  merely  pecuniary. 
After  the  year  nineteen  hundred  and  ten  the  General  Assembly  may 
change  the  jurisdiction  of  the  court  in  matters  merely  pecuniary.  The 
assent  of  at  least  three  of  the  judges  shall  be  required  for  the  court  to 
determine  that  any  law  is,  or  is  not,  repugnant  to  the  Constitution  of  this 
State  or  of  the  United  States;  and  if,  in  a  case  involving  the  constitu- 
tionality of  any  such  law,  not  more  than  two  of  the  judges  sitting  agree 
in  opinion  on  the  constitutional  question  involved,  and  the  case  cannot  be 
determined,  without  passing  on  such  question,  no  decision,  shall  be  ren- 
dered therein,  but  the  case  shall  be  reheard  by  a  full  court ;  and  in  no  case 
where  the  jurisdiction  of  the  court  depends  solely  upon  the  fact  that  the 
constitutionality  of  a  law  is  involved,  shall  the  court  decide  the  case  upon 
its  merits,  unless  the  contention  of  the  appellant  upon  the  constitutional 
question  be  sustained.  Whenever  the  requisite  majority  of  the  judges 
sitting  are  unable  to  agree  upon  a  decision,  the  case  shall  be  reheard  by 
a  full  bench,  and  any  vacancy  caused  by  any  one  or  more  of  tlie  judges 
being  unable,  unwilling,  or  disqualified  to  sit,  shall  be  temporarily  filled 
in  a  manner  to  be  prescribed  by  law. 

Sec.  80.  The  General  Assembly  may,  from  time  to  time,  provide  for  a 
Special  Court  of  Appeals  to  try  any  cases  on  the  docket  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  Appeals  in  respect  to  which  a  majority  of  the  judges  are  so 
situated  as  to  make  it  improper  for  them  to  sit :  and  al^^o  to  try  any  cases 
on  said  docket  which  cannot  be  disposed  of  with  convenient  dispatch. 
The  said  special  court  shall  be  composed  of  not  less  than  three  nor  more 
than  five  of  the  judges  of  the  circuit  courts  and  city  courts  of  record  in 
cities  of  the  first  class,  or  of  the  judges  of  either  of  said  courts,  or  of  any 
of  the  judges  of  said  courts  togetlier  with  one  or  more  of  the  judges  of 
the  Supreme  Court  of  Appeals. 

Sec.  90.  When  a  judgment  or  decree  is  reversed  or  affirmed  by  the 
Supreme  Court  of  iVppeals  the  reasons  therefor  shall  be  stated  in  writijig 
and  preserved  with  the  record  of  the  case. 

Sec.  91.  The  judges  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Appeals  shall  be  chosen 


5  4  CONSTITUTION  OF  VIRGINIA. 

\>\  the  joint  vote  of  the  two  houses  of  the  General  Assembly.  They  shall, 
when  chosen,  have  held  a  judicial  station  in  the  United  States,  or  shall 
have  practiced  law  in  this  or  some  other  state  for  five  years.  At  the  first 
election  under  this  Constitution,  the  General  Assembly  shall  elect  the 
judges  for  terms  of  four,  six,  eight,  ten,  and  twelve  years  respectively; 
and  thereafter  they  shall  be  elected  for  terms  of  twelve  years. 

Sec.  92.  The  olficeTs  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Appeals  shall  be  ap- 
pointed by  tlie  court  or  by  the  judges  in  vacation.  Their  duties,  compen- 
sation, and  tenure  of  ofiice  shall  be  prescribed  by  law. 

Sec.  93.  The  Supreme  Court  of  Ap])eals  shall  hold  its  sessions  at  two 
or  more  places  in  the  State,  to  be  fixed  by  law. 

Sec.  94.  The  State  shall  be  divided  into  twenty-four  judicial  circuits, 
as  follows: 

The  counties  of  jSTorfolk,  Princess  Anne,  and  the  city  of  Portsmouth, 
shall  constitute  the  first  circuit. 

The  counties  of  Nansemond,  Southampton,  Isle  of  Wight,  and  the  city 
of  Norfolk,  shall  constitute  the  second  circuit. 

The  counties  of  Prince  George,  Surry,  Sussex,  Greenesville,  and  Bruns- 
wick, shall  constitute  the  third  circuit. 

The  counties  of  Chesterfield,  Powhatan,  Dinwiddle,  Nottoway,  and 
Amelia,  and  the  city  of  Petersburg,  shall  constitute  the  fourth  circuit. 

The  counties  of  Prince  Edward,  Cumberland,  Buckingham,  Appomat- 
tox, and  Charlotte,  shall  constitute  the  fifth  circuit. 

The  counties  of  Lunenburg,  Mecklenburg,  Halifax,  Campbell,  and  the 
city  of  Lynchburg,  shall  constitute  the  sixth  circuit. 

The  counties  of  Pittsylvania,  Franklin,  Henry,  and  Patrick,  and  the 
city  of  Danville,  shall  constitute  the  seventh  circuit. 

The  counties  of  Amherst,  Nelson,  All)emarle,  Fluvanna,  and  Gooch- 
land, shall  constitute  the  eighth  circuit. 

The  counties  of  Rappahannock,  Culpeper,  Madison,  Greene,  Orange, 
and  Louisa,  shall  constitute  the  ninth  circuit. 

The  county  of  Henrico  and  the  city  of  Pichmond,  shall  constitute  the 
tenth  circuit. 

The  counties  of  Accomac,  Northampton,  Elizabeth  City,  and  the  city 
of  Newport  News,  shall  constitute  the  eleventh  circuit. 

The  counties  of  Richmond,  Northumberland,  Westmoreland,  Lancas- 
ter, and  Essex,  shall  constitute  the  twelfth  circuit. 

The  counties  of  Gloucester,  Mathews,  King  and  Queen,  King  William, 
and  Middlesex,  shall  constitute  the  thirteenth  circuit. 

The  counties  of  New  Kent,  Charles  City,  York,  Warwick,  James  City, 
and  the  city  of  Williamsburg,  shall  constitute  the  fourteenth  circuit. 


CONSTITUTION  OF  VIIJUINIA.  25 

The  conntios  of  Kin^-  George,  Stafford,  Spotsvlvaiii;),  Caroline,  and 
Hanover,  shall  ((instiliilc  Ihe  fifteenth  circuit. 

The  count  ics  of  l-'au(|nici-.  Ldudoun,  ]*i'iiicr  William.  Fairfax,  aiul 
Alexandria,  and  the  citv  of  Alexandria,  shall  const ilute  the  sixteenth 
circuit. 

The  counties  of  Frederick,  Clarke,  ^^'a]•l•('n,  Shenandoah,  and  Pao-e 
shall  constitute  the  seventeenth  circuit. 

The  counties  of  Kockinghani.  Augusta,  aiul  K'ockhridge,  shall  consti- 
tute the  eighteenth  circuit. 

The  counties  of  Highland,  Balh,  Alli'ghany,  Craig.  aiuI  Botetourt,  shall 
constitute  the  nineteenth  circuit. 

The  counties  of  Bedford,  Roanoke,  Montgomery,  and  Floyd,  and  the 
city  of  Roanoke,  shall  constitute  the  twentieth  circuit. 

The  counties  of  J^daski,  Carroll.  Wythe,  and  Grayson,  shall  constitute 
the  twenty- first  circuit. 

The  counties  of  Bland,  Tazewell,  Giles,  and  Buchanan,  shall  constitute 
the  twenty- second  circuit. 

The  counties  of  Washington,  Russell,  and  Smyth,  shall  constitute  the 
twenty-third  circuit. 

The  counties  of  Scott,  Lee,  W'iso.  and  Dickenson,  shall  constitute  the 
twenty-fourth  circuit. 

Sec.  95.  After  the  first  day  of  January,  nineteen  hundred  and  six,  as 
the  public  interest  requires,  the  General  Assembly  may  rearrange  the 
said  circuits  and  increase  or  diminish  the  nund)er  thereof.  But  no  new 
circuit  shall  be  created  containing,  by  the  last  United  States  census  or 
other  census  provided  by  law,  loss  than  forty  thousand  inhabitants,  nor 
when  the  effect  of  creating  it  will  lie  to  reduce  the  number  of  inhabitants 
in  any  existing  circuit  below  forty  thousand  according  to  such  census. 

Sec.  96.  For  each  circuit  a  judge  shall  be  chosen  by  the  joint  vote  of 
the  two  houses  of  the  General  Assembly.  He  shall,  when  chosen,  possess 
the  same  qualiheations  as  judges  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Appeals,  and 
during  his  continuance  in  office  shall  reside  in  the  circuit  of  which  he  is 
judge.  At  the  first  election  under  this  Constitution,  the  General  Assembly 
shall  elect,  as.  nearly  as  practicable,  one-fourth  of  the  entire  number  of 
judges  for  terms  of  two  years,  one-fourth  for  four  years,  one-fourth  for 
six  years,  and  the  remaining  fourth  for  eight  years,  respectively;  and 
thereafter  they  shall  be  elected  for  terms  of  eight  years. 

Sec.  97.  The  number  of  terms  of  the  circuit  courts  to  be  held  for  each 
county  and  city,  shall  be  prescribed  by  law.  But  no  separate  circuit  coTirt 
shall  lie  held  for  anv  citv  of  the  second  class,  until  the  citv  shall  abolish 


-0(j  COXSTITUTION  OF  VIRGINIA. 

its  existing  city  court.  The  judge  of  one  circuit  may  be  required  or  au- 
thorized to  hold  court  in  any  other  circuit  or  city. 

Sec.  98.  For  the  purposes  of  a  judicial  system,  the  cities  of  the  State 
shall  be  divided  into  two  classes.  All  cities  shall  belong  to  the  first  class 
which  contain,  as  shown  by  the  last  United  States  census  or  other  census 
provided  by  law,  ten  thousand  inhabitants  or  more,  and  all  cities  shall 
belong  to  the  second  class  which  contain,  as  thus  shown,  less  than  ten 
thousand  inhabitants.  In  each  city  of  the  first  class,  there  shall  be,  in 
addition  to  the  circuit  court,  a  corporation  court.  In  any  city  containing 
thirty  thousand  inhabitants  or  more,  the  General  Assembly  may  provide 
for  such  additional  courts  as  the  public  interest  may  require,  and  in 
every  such  city  the  city  courts,  as  they  now  exist,  shall  continue  until 
otherwise  provided  by  law.  In  every  city  of  the  second  class,  the  corpora- 
tion or  hustings  court  existing,  at  the  time  this  Constitution  goes  into 
effect,  shall  continue  hereafter  under  ihe  name  of  the  corporation  court 
of  such  city ;  but  it  may  be  abolished  by  a  vote  of  a  majority  of  the  quali- 
fied electors  of  such  city,  at  an  election  held  for  the  purpose,  and  when- 
ever the  office  of  judge  of  a  corporation  or  hustings  court  of  a  city  of  the 
second  class,  whose  salary  is  less  than  eight  hundred  dollars,  shall  become 
and  remain  vacant  for  ninety  days  consecutively,  such  court  shall  thereby 
cease  to  exist.  In  case  of  the  abolition  of  the  corporation  or  hustings 
court  of  any  city  of  the  second  class,  such  city  shall  thereupon  come  in 
every  respect  within  the  jurisdiction  of  the  circuit  court  of  the  county 
wherein  it  is  situated,  until  otherwise  provided  by  law,  and  the  records  of 
such  corporation  or  hustings  court  shall  thereupon  become  a  part  of  the 
records  of  such  circuit  court,  and  be  transferred  thereto,  and  remain 
therein  until  otherwise  provided  by  law^ ;  and  during  the  existence  of  the 
corporation  or  hustings  court,  the  circuit  court  of  the  county  in  which 
such  city  is  situated,  shall  have  concurrent  jurisdiction  with  said  corpora- 
tion or  hustings  court  in  all  actions  at  law  and  suits  in  equity. 

Sec.  99.  For  each  city  court  of  record  a  judge  shall  be  chosen  by  the 
joint  vote  of  the  two  houses  of  the  General  Assembly.  He  shall,  when 
chosen,  possess  the  same  qualifications  as  judges  of  the  Supreme  Court  of 
Appeals,  and  during  his  continuance  in  office  shall  reside  within  the  juris- 
diction of  the  court  over  which  he  presides ;  but  the  judge  of  the  corpora- 
tion court  of  any  corporation  having  a  city  charter,  and  less  than  five 
thousand  inhabitants,  may  reside  outside  its  corporate  limits ;  and  the 
same  person  may  be  judge  of  such  corporation  court  and  judge  of  the  cor- 
poration court  of  some  other  city  having  less  than  ten  thousand  inhabit- 
ants. At  the  first  election  of  said  judges  under  this  Constitution,  the 
General  Assembly  shall  elect,  as  nearly  as  practicable,  one-fourth  of  the 


CONSTITUTION  OF  VIKGIMA.  27 

■entire  number  for  terms  of  two  years,  one-fourth  for  four  years,  one- 
fourth  for  six  years,  and  the  remaining-  fourth  for  eight  years;  and  there- 
after they  shall  be  elected  for  terms  of  eight  years.  The  judges  of  city 
■courts  in  cities  of  the  first  class  may  be  required  or  authorized  to  hold 
the  circuit  courts  of  any  county  and  the  circuit  courts  of  any  city. 

Sec.  100.  The  General  Assembly  shall  have  power  to  establish  sucli 
court  or  courts  of  land  registration  as  it  may  deem  proper  for  the  admin- 
istration of  any  law  it  may  adopt  for  the  purpose  of  the  settlement,  regis- 
trq^ion,  transfer,  or  assurance  of  titles  to  land  in  the  State,  or  any  part 
thereof. 

Sec.  lOL  The  General  Assembly  shall  have  power  to  confer  upon  the 
■clerks  of  the  several  circuit  courts  jurisdiction,  to  be  exercised  in  the  man- 
ner and  under  the  regulations  to  be  prescribed  by  law,  in  the  matter  of 
the  admission  of  wills  to  probate,  and  of  the  appointment  and  qualitica- 
tion  of  guardians,  personal  representatives,  curators,  appraisers,  and  com- 
mittees of  the  estates  of  persons  who  have  been  adjudged  insane  or  con- 
victed of  felony,  and  in  the  matter  of  the  substitution  of  trustees. 

Sec.  102.  All  the  judges  shall  be  commissioned  by  the  Governor.  They 
shall  receive  such  salaries  and  allowances  as  may  be  determined  by  law 
within  the  limitations  fixed  by  this  Constitution,  the  amount  of  which 
shall  not  be  increased  or  diminished  during  their  terms  of  office.  Their 
terms  of  oflice  shall  commence  on  the  first  day  of  February  next  follow- 
ing their  election,  and  whenever  a  vacancy  occurs  in  the  office  of  judge, 
his  successor  shall  be  elected  for  the  unexpired  term. 

Sec.  103.  The  salaries  of  the  jndges  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Appeals 
shall  be  not  less  than  four  thousand  dollars  per  annum,  and  shall  be  paid 
by  the  State. 

The  salary  of  the  judge  of  each  circuit  court  shall  be  not  less  than  two 
thousand  dollars  per  annum,  one-half  of  which  shall  be  paid  by  the  State, 
the  other  half  by  the  counties  and  cities  composing  the  circuit,  according 
to  their  respective  population;  except  that  of  the  salary  of  the  judge  of 
the  circuit  court  of  the  city  of  Eichmond,  the  State  shall  pay  the  propor- 
tion which  would  otherwise  fall  to  the  city  of  Eichmond.  The  salary  of  a 
judge  of  a  city  court  in  a  city  of  the  first  class  shall  be  not  less  than  two 
thousand  dollars  per  annum,  one-half  of  which  shall  be  paid  by  the  State, 
the  other  half  by  the  city.  The  whole  of  the  aforesaid  salaries  of  said 
judges  shall  be  paid  out  of  the  state  treasury,  the  State  to  be  reimbursed 
by  the  respective  counties  and  cities.  Any  city  may,  by  an  ordinance,  in- 
crease the  salaries  of  its  city  or  circuit  judges,  or  any  one  or  more  of  them 
as  it  may  deem  proper,  and  the  increase  shall  be  paid  wholly  by  the  city, 
%ut  shall  not  be  enlarged  or  diminished  during  the  term  of  office  of  the 


28  CONSTITUTION  OF  VIRGINIA. 

judge.  Each  city  containing  less  than  ten  thousand  inhabitants  shall  pa}^ 
the  salary  of  the  judge  of  its  corporation  or  hustings  court. 

Sec.  104.  Judges  niay  l)e  removed  from  office  for  cause,  by  a  concurrent 
vote  of  both  houses  of  the  General  Assembly;  but  a  majority  of  all  the 
membeTs  elected  to  each  house  must  concur  in  such  vote,  and  the  cause  of 
removal  shall  be  entered  on  the  journal  of  each  house.  The  judge  against 
whom  the  General  Assembly  may  be  about  to  proceed  shall  have  notice 
thereof,  accompanied  by  a  copy  of  the  causes  alleged  for  his  removal,  at 
least  twenty  days  before  the  day  on  vhieli  either  house  of  the  General 
Assembly  shall  act  thereon. 

Sec.  105.  No  judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Appeals,  of  the  circuit 
court,  or  of  any  city  court  of  record  shall  ^iractice  law,  within  or  without 
this  State,  nor  shall  he  hold  any  other  office  of  public  trust  during  his 
continuance  in  office;  except  that  the  judge  of  a  corporation  or  hustings 
court  in  a  city  of  tiie  second  class,  may  hold  the  office  of  commissioner  in 
chancery  of  the  circuit  coui't  for  the  county  in  which  the  city  is  located. 

Sec.  106.  Writs  shall  run  in  the  name  of  the  "Commonwealth  of  Vir- 
ginia," and  be  attested  V)y  the  clerks  of  the  several  courts.  Indictments 
shall  conclude  "against  the  peace  and  dignity  of  the  Commonwealth." 

Sec.  107.  An  Attorney-General  shall  be  elected  by  the  qualified  voters 
of  the  State  at  the  same  time  and  for  tlie  same  term  as  the  Governor;  and 
the  fact  of  his  election  shall  be  ascertained  in  the  same  manner.  He 
shall  be  commissioned  l)y  the  Governor,  perform  such  diities  and  receive 
such  compensation  as  may  be  prescribed  by  law,  and  shall  be  removable  in 
the  manner  prescribed  for  the  removal  of  judges. 

Sec.  108.  The  General  Assembly  shall  provide  for  the  appointment  or 
election  and  for  the  jurisdiction  of  such  justices  of  the  peace  as  the  public 
interest  may  require. 

Sec.  109.  The  General  Assembly  shall  provide  b3i  whom,  and  in  what 
manner,  applications  for  bail  shall  be  heard  and  determined. 

ARTICLE  VII. 

OKGANIZ  ATION  AKD  GOVERNMENT  OFCOUXTIES. 

Sec.  110.  Tlierc  siiall  lie  elected  l)y  the  qualified  voters  of  eac\ county, 
one  county  treasurer,  who  shall  not  Ijo  elected  or  serve  for  more  than  two 
consecutive  terms,  nor  act  as  deputy  of  his  immediate  successor;  one 
sherit!,  one  attorney  for  the  Commonweallli,  and  one  county  clerk,  who 
shall  be  the  clerk  of  the  circuit  court.  There  shall  be  elected  or  ap- 
pointed, for  four  years,  as  the  General  Assemblv  mav  provide,  commis- 


CONSTITUTION  OF  VIKGINIA.  29 

sioners  of  the  revenue,  for  each  county,  the  number,  duties  and  compensa- 
tion of  whom  shall  be  prescribed  by  law;  but  should  such  commissioners 
of  the  revenue  be  chosen  by  election  by  the  people  then  they  shall  be  in- 
eligible for  re-election  to  the  office  for  the  next  succeeding  term. 

There  shall  be  appointed,  for  each  county,  in  such  manner  as  may  be 
provided  by  law,  one  superintendent  of  the  poor,  and  one  county  surveyor. 

Sec.  111.  The  magisterial  districts  shall,  until  changed  by  law,  remain 
as  now  constituted :  provided,  that  hereafter  no  additional  districts  shall 
be  made  containing  less  than  thirty  square  miles.  In  each  district  there 
shall  be  elected  by  the  qualified  voters  thereof,  one  supervisor.  The  super- 
visors of  the  districts  shall  constitute  the  board  of  supervisors  of  the 
county,  which  shall  meet  at  stated  periods  and  at  other  times  as  often  as 
may  be  necessary,  lay  the  county  and  district  levies,  pass  ujjon  all  claims 
against  the  county,  subject  to  such  appeal  as  may  be  provided  Ijy  law,  and 
perform  such  duties  as  may  be  required  by  law. 

Sec.  112.  All  regular  elections  for  county  and  district  officers  shall  be 
held  on  Tuesday  after  the  first  Monday  in  November,  and  all  of  said 
officers  shall  enter  upon  the  duties  of  their  offices  on  the  first  day  of  Janu- 
ary next  succeeding  their  election,  and  shall  hold  their  respective  offices 
for  the  term  of  four  years,  except  that  the  county  clerk  shall  hold  office 
for  eight  years;  provided  that  the  term  of  the  clerks  first  elected  under 
this  Constitution  shall  begin  on  the  first  of  February,  nineteen  hundred 
and  four,  and  end  on  the  first  of  January,  nineteen  hundred  and  twelve. 

Sec.  113.  No  person  shall  at  the  same  time  hold  more  than  one  of  the 
offices  mentioned  in  this  article.  Any  officer  required  by  law  to  give  bond 
may  be  required  to  give  additional  security  thereon,  or  to  execute  a  new 
bond,  and  in  default  of  so  doing  his  office  shall  be  declared  vacant. 

Sec.  114.  Counties  shall  not  be  made  responsible  for  the  acts  of  the 
sheriffs. 

Sec.  115.  The  General  Assembly  shall  provide  for  the  examination  of 
the  books,  accounts  and  settlements  of  county  and  city  officers  who  are 
charged  with  the  collection  and  disliursement  of  public  funds. 

ARTICLE  YIII. 

ORGANIZATION   AND  GOVERNIMENT  OF  CITIES  AND  TOWNS. 

Sec.  116.  As  used  in  this  article  the  words  ''incorporated  communi- 
ties" shall  be  construed  to  relate  only  to  cities  and  towns.  All  incorpo- 
rated communities,  having  within  defined  boundaries  a  population  of  five 
thousand  or  more,  shall  be  known  as  cities ;  and  all  incorporated  commu- 


30  CONSTITUTION  OF  VIRGINIA. 

nities,  having  within  defined  boundaries  a  popuhition  of  less  than  five- 
thousand,  sliall  be  known  as  towns.  In  determining  the  population  of 
such  cities  and  towns  tlie  General  Assembly  shall  be  governed  by  the  last 
United  States  census,  or  such  other  enumeration  as  may  be  made  by  au- 
thority of  the  General  Assembly;  but  nothing  in  this  section  shall  be 
construed  to  repeal  the  charter  of  any  incorporated  community  of  less 
than  five  thousand  inhabitants  having  a  city  charter  at  the  time  of  the 
adoption  of  this  Constitution,  or  to  prevent  the  abolition  by  such  incor- 
porated communities  of  the  corporation  or  hustings  court  thereof. 

Sec.  117.  General  laws  for  the  organization  and  government  of  cities- 
and  towns  shall  be  enacted  by  the  General  Assembly,  and  no  special  act 
shall  be  passed  in  relation  thereto,  except  in  the  manner  provided  in 
Article  Four  of  this  Constitution,  and  then  only  by  a  recorded  vote  of  two- 
thirds  of  the  members  elected  to  each  Jiouse.  But  each  of  the  cities  and 
towns  of  the  State  having  at  the  time  of  the  adoption  of  this  Constitu- 
tion a  municipal  charter  may  retain  the  same,  except  so  far  as  it  shall  be 
repealed  or  amended  by  the  General  Assembly :  provided,  that  every  such 
charter  is  hereby  amended  so  as  to  conform  to  all  the  provisions,  restric- 
tions, limitations  and  powers  set  forth  in  this  article,  or  otherwise  pro- 
vided in  this  Constitution. 

Sec.  118.  In  each  city  which  has  a  court  in  whose  office  deeds  are  ad- 
mitted to  record,  there  shall  be  elected  for  a  term  of  eight  years  by  the 
qualified  voters  of  such  city  a  clerk  of  said  court,  who  shall  perform  such- 
other  duties  as  may  be  required  by  law. 

There  shall  be  elected  in  like  manner  and  for  a  like  term  all  such  addi- 
tional clerks  of  courts  for  cities  as  the  General  Assembly  may  prescribe, 
or  as  are  now  authorized  by  law,  so  long  as  such  courts  shall  continue  in 
existence.  But  in  no  city  of  less  than  thirty  thousand  inhabitants  shall 
there  be  more  than  one  clerk  of  the  court,  who  shall  be  clerk  of  all  the 
courts  of  record  in  such  city. 

Sec.  119.  In  every  city,  so  long  as  it  has  a  corporation  court,  or  a  sepa- 
rate circuit  court,  there  shall  be  elected  for  a  term  of  four  years  by  the 
qualified  voters  of  such  city,  one  attorney  for  the  Commonwealth,  who- 
shall  also,  in  those  cities  having  a  separate  circuit  court,  bo  the  attorney 
for  the  Commonwealth,  for  such  circuit  court. 

In  every  city  there  shall  be  elected,  or  appointed,  for  a  term  of  four 
years,  in  a  manner  to  be  provided  by  law,  one  commissioner  of  revenue, 
whose  duties  and  compensation  shall  be  prescribed  by  law,  but  should  he 
be  elected  by  the  people,  he  shall  be  ineligible  for  re-election  to  the  office 
for  the  next  succeeding  term. 

Sec.  120.  In  every  city  there  shall  be  elected  by  the  qiuilified  voters 


CONSTITUTION  OF  VIRGINIA.  3t 

thereof  one  city  treasurer,  for  a  term  of  four  years,  but  ho  sliall  not  be 
eligible  for  more  than  two  consecutive  terms,  nor  act  as  d<'puty  for  his 
immediate  successor;  one  city  sergeant,  for  a  term  of  four  years,  whose 
duties  shall  be  prescribed  by  law;  and,  a  mayor,  for  a  term  of  four  years, 
who  shall  be  the  chief  executive  officer  of  such  city.  All  city  and  town 
officers,  whose  election  or  appointment  is  not  provided  for  by  this  Con- 
stitution, shall  be  elected  by  the  electors  of  such  cities  and  towns,  or  of 
some  division  thereof,  or  appointed  by  sueli  authorities  thereof  as  the 
General  Assembly  shall  designate. 

The  mayor  shall  see  that  the  duties  of  the  various  city  officers,  mem- 
bers of  the  police  and  fire  departments,  whether  elected  or  appointed,  in 
and  for  such  city,  are  faithfully  performed.  He  shall  have  power  to  in- 
vestigate their  acts,  have  access  to  all  books  and  documents  in  their  offices,, 
and  may  examine  them  and  their  subordinates  on  oath.  The  evidence 
given  by  persons  so  examined  shall  not  be  used  against  them  in  any  crimi- 
nal proceedings.  He  shall  also  have  power  to  suspend  such  officers  and 
the  members  of  the  police  and  fire  departments,  and  to  remove  such 
officers,  and  also  such  members  of  said  departments  when  authorized  by 
the  General  Assembly,  for  misconduct  in  office  or  neglect  of  duty,  to  be 
specified  in  the  order  of  suspension  or  removal;  but  no  such  removal  shall 
bo  made  without  reasonable  notice  to  the  officer  complained  of,  and  an 
opportunity  afforded  him  to  be  heard  m  person,  or  by  counsel,  and  to 
present  testimony  in  his  defense.  From  such  order  of  suspension  or  re- 
moval, the  city  officer  so  suspendrd  or  ri'inovcd  shrdl  liave  an  appeal  of 
right  to  the  corporation  court,  or.  if  tliore  be  no  such  court,  to  the  circuit 
court  of  such  city,  in  which  court  tlie  case  shall  be  heard  cle  iioro  by  the 
judge  thereof,  whose  decision  sliall  1)0  final.  He  shall  have  all  other 
powers  and  duties  which  may  be  conferred  and  imposed  upon  him  by 
general  laws. 

Sec.  121.  There  shall  be  in  every  city  a  council,  composed  of  two. 
branches  having  a  different  number  of  members,  whose  powers  and  terms 
of  office  shall  be  prescribed  by  law,  and  whose  members  shall  be  elected  by 
the  qualified  voters  of  such  city,  in  the  manner  prescribed  by  law,  but  sa 
as  to  give  as  far  as  practicable,  to  each  ward  of  such  city,  equal  represen- 
tation in  each  branch  of  said  council  in  proportion  to  the  population  of 
such  ward  ;  Imt  in  cities  of  under  ten  thousand  ]io]nilation  the  General 
Assembly  may  permit  the  council  to  consist  of  one  branch.  Js^o  member 
of  the  council  shall  be  eligible  during  his  tenure  of  office  as  such  member, 
or  for  one  year  thereafter,  to  any  office  to  be  filled  by  the  council  by  elec- 
tion or  appointment.  The  council  of  every  city  may,  in  a  manner  pre- 
scribed by  law,  increase  or  diminish  the  number,  and  change  the  boun- 


32  COiNSTITUTlON  OF  VIKGINIA. 

claries,  of  Iho  wards  llu'reof,  and  shall,  in  the  year  nineteen  hnndred  and 
three,  and  in  every  tenth  year  thereafter,  and  also  whenever  the  bounda- 
ries of  such  wards  are  changed,  re-apportion  the  representation  in  the 
council  among  the  wards  in  a  manner  prescribed  by  law;  and  whenever 
the  council  of  any  such  city  shall  fail  to  perform  the  duty  so  prescribed,  a 
man  dam  us  shall  lie  on  behalf  of  any  citizen  thereof  to  compel  its  per- 
formance. 

Sec.  122.  The  mayors  and  councils  of  cities  shall  be  elected  on  the 
second  Tuesday  in  June,  and  their  terms  of  oiSce  shall  begin  on  the  first 
day  of  September  succeeding.  All  other  elective  officers,  provided  for  by 
this  article,  or  hereafter  authorized  by  law,  shall  be  elected  on  the  Tuesday 
after  the  first  Monday  in  November,  and  their  terms  of  office  shall  begin 
on  the  first  day  of  January  succeeding,  except  that  the  terms  of  office  of 
clerks  of  the  city  courts  shall  begin  coin'-'idently  with  that  of  the  judges 
of  said  courts :  provided,  that  the  General  Assembly  may  change  the  time 
of  election  of  all  or  any  of  the  said  officers,  except  that  the  election  and 
the  beginning  of  the  terms  of  mayors  and  councils  of  cities  shall  not  be 
made  by  the  General  Assembly  to  occur  at  the  same  time  with  the  election 
and  beginning  of  the  terms  of  office  of  the  other  elective  officers  provided 
for  by  this  Constitution. 

Sec.  123.  Every  ordinance,  or  resolution  having  the  effect  of  an  ordi- 
nance, shall,  before  it  becomes  operative,  be  presented  to  the  mayor.  If 
he  approve  he  shall  sign  it,  but  if  not,  if  the  council  consist  of  two 
branches,  he  may  return  it,  with  his  objections  in  writing,  to  the  clerk,  or 
other  recording  officer,  of  that  branch  in  which  it  originated;  which 
branch  shall  enter  the  objections  at  length  on  its  journal  and  proceed  to 
reconsider  it.  If  after  such  consideration  two-thirds  of  all  the  members 
elected  thereto  shall  agree  to  pass  the  ordinance  or  resolution  it  shall  be 
sent,  together  with  the  objections,  to  the  other  branch,  by  which  it  shall 
likewise  be  considered,  and  if  approved  by  two-thirds  of  all  the  members 
elected  thereto,  it  shall  become  operative  notwithstanding  the  objections 
of  the  mayor.  But  in  all  such  cases  the  votes  of  both  branches  of  the 
council  shall  be  determined  by  yeas  and  nays,  and  the  names  of  the  mem- 
bers voting  for  and  against  the  ordinance  or  resolution  shall  be  entered 
on  the  journal  of  each  branch.  If  the  council  consist  of  a  single  branch, 
the  mayor's  objections  in  writing  to  any  ordinance,  or  resolution  having 
the  effect  of  an  ordinance,  shall  be  returned  to  the  clerk,  or  other  record- 
ing officer  of  the  council,  and  be  entered  at  length  on  its  journal ;  where- 
upon the  council  shall  proceed  to  reconsider  the  same.  Upon  such  con- 
sideration the  vote  shall  be  taken  in  the  same  manner  as  where  the  council 
consists  of  two  branches,  and  if  the  ordinance  or  resolution  be  approved 


CONSTITUTION  -OF  VlKGiNlA.  ..-> 

by  two-tliirds  of  all  Uk'  monibcrs  elected  to  Ibe  council,  it  sball  become 
operative  notwithstanding  the  objections  of  the  mayor.  If  any  ordinance 
or  resolution  shall  not  be  returned  by  the  mayor  within  five  days  (Sunday 
excepted),  after  it  shall  have  been  presented  to  him,  it  shall  become  opera- 
tive in  like  manner  as  if  he  had  signed  it,  unless  his  term  of  offico,  or  that 
of  the  council,  shall  expire  within  said  live  days. 

The  mayor  shall  have  the  power  to  veto  any  particular  item  or  items 
of  an  appropriation  ordinance  or  resolution ;  but  the  veto  shall  Jiot  affect 
any  item  or  items  to  which  he  does  not  object.  The  item  or  items  ob- 
jected to  shall  not  take  effect  except  in  the  manner  provided  in  this  sec- 
tion as  to  ordinances  or  resolutions  not  approved  by  the  mayor.  No  ordi- 
nance or  resolution  appropriating  money  exceeding  the  sum  of  one  hun- 
dred dollars,  imposing  taxes,  or  authorizing  the  borrowing  of  money, 
shall  be  ]»asscd,  except  by  a  recorded  affirmative  vote  of  a  majority  of  all 
the  members  elected  to  the  council  or  to  each  branch  thereof  wdiere  there 
are  two;  and  in  case  of  the  veto  by  the  mayor  of  such  ordinance  or  resolu- 
tion, It  shall  require  a  recorded  affirmative  vote  of  two-thirds  of  all  the 
members  elected  to  the  council,  or  to  each  branch  thereof  where  there  are 
two,  to  pass  the  same  over  snch  veto  in  the  manner  provided  in  this  sec- 
tion. Nothing  contained  in  this  section  shall  operate  to  repeal  or  amend 
any  provision  in  any  existing  city  charter  requiring  a  two-thirds  vote  foi- 
the  passage  of  any  ordinance  as  to  the  appropriation  of  money,  imposing 
taxes  or  authorizing  the  borrowing  of  money. 

Sec.  124.  No  street  railway,  gas,  water,  steam,  or  (>lectric  heating,  elec- 
tric light  or  power,  cold  storage,  compressed  air,  viaduct,  conduit,  tele- 
phone, or  bridge,  company,  nor  any  corporation,  association,  person  or 
partnership,  engaged  in  these  or  like  enterprises,  shall  be  permitted  to  use 
the  streets,  alleys,  ot  public  grounds  of  a  city  or  town  without  the  previous 
consent  of  the  corporate  authorities  of  such  city  or  towii. 

Sec.  135.  The  rights  of  no  city  or  town  in  and  to  its  water  front,  wharf 
property,  public  landings,  wharves,  docks,  streets,  avenues,  parks,  bridges, 
and  other  public  places,  and  its  gas,  water,  and  electric  works  shall  bo 
sold  except  by  an  ordinance  or  resolution  passed  by  a  recorded  affirmative 
vote  of  three-fourths  of  all  the  members  elected  to  the  council,  or  to  each 
branch  thereof  where  there  are  two,  and  under  such  other  restrictions  as 
may  be  imposed  by  law;  and  in  case  of  the  veto  by  the  mayor  of  such  an 
ordinance  or  resolution,  it  shall  require  a  recorded  affirmative  vole  of 
three-fourths  of  all  the  members  elected  to  the  council,  or  to  each  l)ranch 
thereof  where  there  are  two,  had  in  the  manner  heretofore  provided  for  in 
this  article,  to  pass  the  same  over  the  veto.  No  franchise,  lease  or  right 
of  any  kind  to  use  any  such  public  ])roperty  or  any  other  ]ml)lic  pi'operty 
8 


34  CONSTITUTION  OF  VIRGINIA. 

or  easement  of  any  descrii^tion,  in  a  manner  not  permitted  to  the  general 
public,  shall  be  granted  for  a  longer  period  than  thirty  years.  Before 
granting  any  such  franchise  or  privilege  for  a  term  of  years,  except  for  a 
trunk  railway,  the  municipality  shall  first,  after  due  advertisement,  re- 
ceive bids  therefor  publicly,  in  such  manner  as  may  be  provided  by  law, 
and  shall  then  act  as  may  be  required  by  law.  Such  grant,  and  any  con- 
tract in  pursuance  thereof,  may  provide  that  upon  the  termination  of  the 
grant  the  plant  as  well  as  the  property,  if  any,  of  the  grantee  in  the 
streets,  avenues,  and  other  public  places  shall  thereupon,  without  com- 
pensation to  the  grantee,  or  upon  the  payment  of  a  fair  valuation  there- 
for, be  and  become  the  property  of  the  said  city  or  town;  but  the  grantee 
shall  be  entitled  to  no  payment  by  reason  of  the  value  of  the  franchise; 
and  any  such  plant  or  property  acquired  by  a  city  or  town  may  be  sold  or 
leased,  or,  if  authorized  by  law,  maintaiiied,  controlled  and  operated,  by 
such  city  or  town.  Every  such  grant  shall  specify  the  modie  of  determin- 
ing any  valuation  therein  provided  for,  and  shall  make  adequate  provision 
by  way  of  forfeiture  of  the  grant,  or  otherwise,  to  secure  efficiency  of  pub- 
lic service  at  reasonable  rates,  and  the  maintenance  of  the  property  in 
good  order  throughout  the  term  of  the  grant.  Nothing  herein  contained 
shall  be  construed  as  preventing  the  General  Assembly  from  prescribing 
additional  restrictions  on  the  powers  of  cities  and  towns  in  granting  fran- 
chises or  in  selling  or  leasing  any  of  their  property,  or  as  repealing  any 
additional  restriction  now  required  in  relation  thereto  in  any  existing 
municipal  charter. 

Sec.  126.  The  General  Assembly  shall  provide  by  general  laws  for  the 
extension  and  the  contraction,  from  time  to  time,  of  the  corporate  limits 
of  cities  and  towns;  and  no  special  act  for  such  purpose  shall  be  valid. 

Sec.  137.  ISTo  city  or  town  shall  issue  any  bonds  or  other  interest-bear- 
ing obligations  for  any  purpose,  or  in  any  manner,  to  an  amount  which, 
including  existing  indebtedness,  shall,  at  any  time,  exceed  eighteen  per 
centum  of  the  assessed  valuation  of  the  real  estate  in  the  city  or  town 
subject  to  taxation,  as  shown  by  the  last  preceding  assessment  for  taxes : 
provided,  however,  that  nothing  above  contained  in  this  section  shall 
apply  to  those  cities  and  to^vns  whose  charters  existing  at  the  adoption  of 
this  Constitution  authorize  a  larger  percentage  of  indebtedness  than  is 
authorized  by  this  section :  and  ])rovided  further,  that  in  determining  the 
limitation  of  the  power  of  a  city  or  town  to  incur  indehtedness  there  shall 
not  be  included  the  following  classes  of  indebtedness : 

(a.)  Certificates  of  indebtedness,  revenue  bonds  or  other  obligations 
issued  in  anticipation  of  the  collection  of  the  revenue  of  such  city  or 
town  for  the  then  current  year ;  provided  that  such  certificates,  bonds  or 


C0N«T1TL:TI()X   of  VlliGlXlA.  35 

■other  obligations  niaturc  within  one  year  from  tlie  date  of  tlieir  issue,  and 
be  not  past  dne,  and  do  not  exceed  the  revenue  for  such  year; 

(b.)  Bonds  authorized  by  an  ordinance  enacted  in  accordance  with  sec- 
tion One  Hundred  and  Twenty-three,  and  approved  by  the  affirmative  vote 
of  the  majority  of  the  qualified  voters  of  the  city  or  town  voting  upon  the 
question  of  their  issuance,  at  the  general  election  next  succeeding  the 
enactment  of  the  ordinance,  or  at  a  special  election  held  for  that  purpose, 
for  a  supply  of  water  or  other  specific  undertaking  from  wliieli  tlie  city 
or  town  may  derive  a  revenue;  but  from  and  after  a  period  to  be  deter- 
mined by  the  council,  not  exceeding  five  years  from  the  date  of  such  elec- 
tion, whenever  and  for  so  long  as  such  undertaking  fails  to  produce  suffi- 
cient revenue  to  pay  for  cost  of  operation  and  administration  (including 
interest  on  bonds  issued  therefor,  and  the  cost  of  insurance  against  loss  by 
injury  to  persons  or  property),  and  an  annual  amount  to  be  covered  into 
a  sinking  fund  sufficient  to  pay,  at  or  before  maturity,  all  bonds  issued  on 
.account  of  said  undertaking,  all  such  bonds  outstanding  shall  be  included 
in  determining  the  limitation  of  the  power  to  incur  indebtedness,  unless 
the  principal  and  interest  thereof  be  made  payable  exclusively  from  the 
receipts  of  the  undertaking. 

Sec.  128.  In  cities  and  towns  the  assessment  of  real  estate  and  personal 
property  for  the  purpose  of  municipal  taxation,  shall  be  the  same  as  the 
<issessment  thereof  for  the  purpose  of  state  taxation,  whenever  there  shall 
■be  a  state  assessment  of  such  property. 

AETICLE  IX. 

EDUCATION   AND   PUBLIC   INSTRUCTION. 

Sec.  129.  The  General  Assembly  shall  establish  and  maintain  an  effi- 
•cient  system  of  public  free  schools  throughout  the  State. 

Sec.  130.  The  general  supervision  of  the  school  system  shall  be  vested 
in  a  State  Board  of  Education,  composed  of  the  Governor,  Attorney-Gen- 
eral, Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction,  and  three  experienced  educa- 
tors to  be  elected  quadrennially  by  the  Senate,  from  a  list  of  eligibles, 
consisting  of  one  from  each  of  the  faculties,  and  nominated  by  the  respec- 
tive boards  of  visitors  or  trustees,  of  the  University  of  Virginia,  the  Vir- 
ginia Military  Institute,  the  Virginia  Polytechnic  Institute,  the  State 
Pemale  Normal  School  at  Farmville,  the  School  for  the  Deaf  and  Blind, 
■and  also  of  the  College  of  William  and  Mary,  so  long  as  the  State  con- 
tinue its  annual  appropriation  to  the  last  named  institution. 

The  board  thus  constituted  shall  select  and  associate  with  itself  two 


CONSTITUTION  OF  VIRGINIA.  35 

■other  obligations  mature  witliin  one  year  from  the  date  of  their  issue,  and 
be  not  past  due,  and  do  not  exceed  the  revenue  for  such  year; 

(b.)  Bonds  authorized  by  an  ordinance  enacted  in  accordance  with  sec- 
tion One  Hundred  and  Twentv-threc,  and  approved  by  the  afTn-mative  vote 
of  the  majority  of  the  qualified  voters  of  the  city  or  town  voting  upon  the 
question  of  their  issuance,  at  the  general  election  next  succeeding  the 
enactment  of  the  ordinance,  or  at  a  special  election  held  for  that  purpose, 
for  a  supply  of  water  or  other  specific  undertaking  from  which  the  city 
or  town  may  derive  a  revenue;  but  from  and  after  a  period  to  be  deter- 
mined by  the  council,  not  exceeding  five  years  from  the  date  of  such  elec- 
tion, whenever  and  for  so  long  as  such  undertaking  fails  to  produce  suffi- 
cient revenue  to  pay  for  cost  of  operation  and  administration  (including 
interest  on  bonds  issned  therefor,  and  the  cost  of  insurance  against  loss  by 
injury  to  persons  or  property),  and  an  annual  amount  to  be  covered  into 
a  sinking  fund  sufficient  to  pay,  at  or  before  maturity,  all  bonds  issued  on 
.account  of  said  undertaking,  all  such  bonds  outstanding  shall  be  included 
in  determining  the  limitation  of  tiie  power  To  incur  indebtedness,  unless 
the  principal  and  interest  thereof  be  made  payable  exclusively  from  the 
receipts  of  the  undertaking. 

Sec.  128.  In  cities  and  towns  the  assessment  of  real  estate  and  personal 
property  for  the  purpose  of  municipal  taxation,  shall  be  the  same  as  the 
-assessment  thereof  for  the  purpose  of  state  taxation,  whenever  there  shall 
he  a  state  assessment  of  such  property. 

AETICLE  IX. 

EDUCATION   AND  PUBLIC   INSTRUCTION. 

Sec.  129.  The  General  Assembly  shall  establish  and  maintain  an  effi- 
cient system  of  puldic  free  schools  throughout  the  State. 

Sec.  130.  The  general  supervision  of  the  school  system  shall  be  vested 
in  a  State  Board  of  Education,  composed  of  the  Governor,  Attorney-Gen- 
eral, Superintendent  of  Pul)lic  Instruction,  and  three  experienced  educa- 
tors to  be  elected  quadrennially  by  the  Senate,  from  a  list  of  eligibles, 
■consisting  of  one  from  each  of  the  faculties,  and  nominated  by  the  respec- 
tive boards  of  visitors  or  trustees,  of  the  University  of  Virginia,  the  Vir- 
ginia Military  Institnte,  the  Virginia  Polytechnic  Institute,  the  State 
Eemale  Normal  School  at  Farmville,  the  School  for  the  Deaf  and  Blind, 
■and  also  of  the  College  of  William  and  Mary,  so  long  as  the  State  con- 
tinue its  annual  appropriation  to  the  last  named  institution. 

The  board  thus  constituted  shall  select  and  associate  with  itself  two 


3(J  COX^TITITIOX  OF  VIRGIXIA. 

division  supLi-inti'iulents  of  school?,  one  from  a  county  and  the  other  from 
a  citv,  who  shall  hold  office  for  two  years,  and  whose  powers  and  duties 
shall  be  identical  with  those  of  other  members,  except  that  they  shall  not 
participate  in  the  appoinhuent  of  any  public  school  official. 

Any  vacancy  occurring  during  the  term  of  any  member  of  the  board 
shall  be  filled  for  the  unexpired  term  by  said  board. 

Sec.  131.  The  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction,  who  shall  be  an 
experienced  educator,  shall  be  elected  by  the  qualified  voters  of  the  State 
at  the  same  time  and  for  the  same  term  as  the  Governor.  Any  vacancy 
in  said  office  shall  be  filled  for  the  unexpired  term  by  the  said  board. 

His  duties  shall  be  prescribed  by  the  State  Board  of  Education,  of 
which  he  shall  be  ex-o/ficio  president;  and  his  compensation  shall  be 
fixed  by  law. 

Sec.  132.  The  duties  and  powers  of  the  State  Board  of  Education 
shall  be  as  follows  : 

First.  It  may,  in  its  discretion,  divide  the  State  into  appropriate 
school  divisions,  comprising  not  less  than  one  county  or  city  each,  but  no 
county  or  city  shall  be  divided  in  the  formation  of  such  divisions.  It 
sliall,  subject  to  the  confirmation  of  the  Senate,  appoint,  for  each  of  such 
divisions,  one  superintendent  of  schools,  who  shall  hold  office  for  four 
3"ears,  and  shall  prescribe  his  duties,  and  may  remove  him  for  cause  and 
upon  notice. 

Second.  It  shall  have,  regulated  by  law,  the  management  and  invest- 
ment of  the  school  fund. 

Third.  It  shall  have  authority  to  make  all  needful  rules  and  regula- 
tions for  the  management  and  conduct  of  the  schools,  which,  when  pub- 
lished and  distributed,  shall  have  the  force  and  effect  of  law,  subject  to 
the  authority  of  the  General  Assembly  to  revise,  amend,  or  repeal  the 
same. 

Fourth.  It  shall  select  text  books  and  educational  appliances  for  use 
in  the  schools  of  the  State,  exercising  such  discretion  as  it  may  see  fit  in 
the  selection  of  books  suitable  for  the  schools  in  the  cities  and  counties 
respectively. 

Fifth.  It  shall  appoint  a  board  of  directors,  consisting  of  five  mem- 
bers, to  serve  without  compensation,  which  shall  have  the  management 
of  the  State  Library,  and  the  appointment  of  a  librarian  and  other  em- 
ployees thereof,  subject  to  such  rules  and  regulations  as  the  General 
Assembly  shall  ]u-escribe :  but  the  Supreme  Court  of  iVppeals  shall  have 
the  management  of  the  law  library  and  the  appointment  of  the  librarian 
and  other  em]iloyees  thereof. 

Sec.  133.    Each  magisterial  district  shall  constitute  a  separate  school 


C'OXSTITL'TIOX    OF   VIRGINIA.  37 

district,  unless  otherwise  provided  by  law.  In  each  school  district  there 
shall  be  three  trustees  selected,  in  tlie  manner  and  for  the  term  of  office 
prescribed  by  law. 

Sec.  13-i.  The  General  Assembly  shall  set  apart  as  a  permanent  and 
perpetual  literary  fund,  the  present  literary  fund  of  the  State;  the  pro- 
ceeds of  all  public  lands  donated  by  Congress  for  public  free  school  pur- 
poses; of  all  escheated  property;  of  all  waste  and  unappropriated  lands; 
of  all  property  accruing  to  the  State  by  forfeiture,  and  all  fines  collected 
for  offences  committed  against  the  State,  and  such  other  sums  as  the 
General  Assembly  may  appropriate. 

Sec.  135.  The  General  Assemljly  shall  apply  the  annual  interest  on  the 
literary  fund ;  that  portion  of  the  capitation  tax  provided  for  in  the  Con- 
stitution to  l)e  paid  into  the  state  treasury,  and  not  rt'turnable  to  the 
counties  and  cities;  and  an  annual  tax  on  property  of  not  less  than  one 
nor  more  than  five  mills  on  the  dollar  to  the  schools  of  the  primary  and 
grammar  grades,  for  the  equal  benefit  of  all  of  the  people  of  the  State, 
to  be  apportioned  on  a  basis  of  school  population ;  the  numljer  of  chil-- 
dren  between  the  ages  of  seven  and  twenty  years  in  each  school  district 
to  be  the  basis  of  such  apportionment:  but  if  at  any  time  the  several 
kinds  or  classes  of  property  shall  be  segregated  for  the  purposes  of  taxa- 
tion, so  as  to  specify  and  determine  upon  what  subjects  state  taxes  and 
upon  what  subjects  local  taxes  may  be  levied,  then  the  General  Assembly 
may  otherwise  provide  for  a  fixed  appropriation  of  state  revenue  to  the 
support  of  the  schools  not  less  than  tliat  provided  in  this  section. 

Sec.  136.  Each  county,  city,  town  if  the  same  be  a  separate  school  dis- 
trict, and  school  district  is  authorized  to  raise  additional  sums  by  a  tax 
on  property,  not  to  exceed  in  the  aggregate  five  mills  on  the  dollar  in  any 
one  year,  to  be  apportioned  and  expended  by  the  local  school  authorities 
of  said  counties,  cities,  towns  and  districts  in  establishing  and  maintain- 
ing such  schools  as  in  their  judgment  the  public  welfare  may  require: 
provided,  that  such  primary  schools  as  may  be  established  in  any  school 
3'ear,  shall  be  maintained  at  least  four  months  of  that  school  year,  before 
any  part  of  the  fund  assessed  and  collected  may  be  devoted  to  the  estab- 
lishment of  schools  of  higher  grade.  The  boards  of  supervisors  of  the 
several  counties,  and  the  councils  of  the  several  cities,  and  towns  if  the 
same  be  separate  school  districts,  shall  provide  for  the  levy  and  collec- 
tion of  such  local  school  taxes. 

Sec.  137.  The  General  Assembly  may  establish  agricultural,  normal, 
manual  training  and  technical  schools,  and  such  grades  of  schools  as 
shall  be  for  the  pul)lic  good. 

Sec.  138.   The  General  Asseml)ly  may,  in  its  discretion,  provide  for  the 


44749^ 


38  CONSTITUTION  OF  VIEGINIA. 

compulsory  education  of  children  between  the  ages  of  eight  and  twelve 
years,  except  such  as  are  weak  in  body  or  mind,  or  can  read  and  write,  or 
are  attending  private  schools,  or  are  excused  for  cause  by  the  district 
school  trustees. 

Sec.  139.  Provision  shall  be  made  to  supply  children  attending  the 
public  schools  with  necessary  text-books  in  cases  where  the  parent  or 
guardian  is  imable,  by  reason  of  poverty,  to  furnish  them. 

Sec.  140.  White  and  colored  children  shall  not  be  taught  in  the  same 
school. 

Sec.  141.  No  appropriation  of  public  funds  shall  be  made  to  any  school 
or  institution  of  learning  not  owned  or  exclusively  controlled  by  the 
State  or  some  political  subdivision  thereof :  provided,  first,  that  the  Gen- 
Rral  Assembly  may,  in  its  discretion,  continue  the  appropriations  to  tlie 
College  of  William  and  Mary;  second,  that  this  section  shall  not  be  con- 
strued as  requiring  or  prohibiting  the  continuance  or  discontinuance  by 
the  General  Assembly  of  the  payment  of  interest  on  certain  bonds  held 
by  certain  schools  and  colleges  as  provided  by  an  act  of  the  General 
Assembly,  approved  February  twenty-third,  eighteen  hundred  and  ninety- 
two,  relating  to  bonds  held  by  schools  and  colleges;  third,  that  counties,. 
cities,  towns,  and  districts  may  make  appropriations  to  non-sectarian 
schools  of  manual,  industrial,  or  technical  training,  and  also  to  any 
school  or  institution  of  learning  owned  or  exclusively  controlled  by 
such  county,  city,  town,  or  school  district. 

Sec.  143.  Members  of  the  boards  of  visitors  or  trustees  of  educational 
institutions  shall  be  appointed  as  may  be  provided  by  law,  and  shall  hold 
for  the  term  of  four  years :  provided,  that  at  the  first  appointment,  if  the 
board  be  of  an  even  number,  one-half  of  them,  or,  if  of  an  odd  number, 
the  least  majority  of  them,  shall  be  appointed  for  two  years. 

ARTICLE  X. 

AGTJICULTURE  AND   OIMIGKATTON. 

Sec.  14o.  There  shall  be  a  Department  of  Agriculture  and  Immigra- 
tion, which  shall  be  permanently  maintained  at  the  capital  of  the  State, 
and  which  shall  be  under  the  management  and  control  of  a  Board  of 
Agriculture  and  Immigration,  composed  of  one  member  from  each  con- 
gressional district,  who  shall  be  a  practical  farmer,  appointed  by  the 
Governor  for  a  term  of  four  years,  subject  to  confirmation  by  the  Senate, 
and  the  president  of  the  Virginia  Polytechnic  Institute,  who  shall  be 


CONSTJTl  TlOX    OF    VIlUilMA.  39 

ex-officio  a  member  of  the  board :  provided,  that  members  of  the  board 
first  appointed  under  this  Constitution  from  the  congressional  districts 
bearing  odd  numbers  shall  hold  office  for  two  years. 

Sec.  144.  The  powers  and  duties  of  the  board  shall  be  prescribed  by 
law:  provided,  that  it  shall  have  power  to  elect  and  remove  its  officers, 
and  establish  elsewhere  in  the  State  subordinate  branches  of  said  depart- 
ment. 

Sec.  145.  There  shall  be  a  Commissioner  of  Agriculture  and  Immi- 
gration, whose  term  of  office  shall  be  four  years,  and  who  shall  be  elected 
by  the  qualified  voters  of  the  State,  and  whose  powers  and  duties  shall 
be  prescribed  by  the  Board  of  Agriculture  and  Immigration  until  other- 
wise provided  by  law. 

Sec.  146,  The  president  of  the  Board  of  Agriculture  and  Immigration 
shall  be  ex-officio  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Visitors  of  the  Virginia 
Polytechnic  Institute. 

ARTICLE  XL 

PUBLIC  INSTITUTIONS  AND  PRISONS. 

Sec.  147.  There  shall  be  a  state  penitentiary,  with  such  branch  prisons 
and  prison  farms  as  may  be  provided  by  law. 

Sec.  148.  There  shall  be  appointed  by  the  Governor,  subject  to  con- 
firmation by  the  Senate,  a  board  of  five  directors  which,  subject  to  such 
regulations  and-  requirements  as  may  be  prescribed  by  law,  shall  have  the 
government  and  control  of  the  penitentiary,  branch  prisons,  and  prison 
farms,  and  shall  appoint  the  superintendents  and  surgeons  thereof.  The 
respective  superintendents  shall  appoint,  and  may  remove,  all  other 
officers  and  employees  of  the  penitentiary,  branch  prisons,  and  prison 
farms,  subject  to  the  approval  of  the  board  of  directors.  The  superin- 
tendents and  surgeons  shall  be  appointed  for  a  term  of  four  years,  and 
be  removable  by  the  board  of  directors  for  misbehavior,  incapacity,  neglect 
of  official  duty,  or  acts  performed  without  authority  of  law.  The  terms 
of  the  directors  first  appointed  shall  be  one,  two,  three,  four,  and  five 
years,  respectively;  and  thereafter,  upon  the  expiration  of  the  term  of  a, 
director,  his  successor  shall  be  appointed  for  a  term  of  five  years. 

Sec.  149.  For  each  state  hospital  for  the  insane  now  existing,  or  here- 
after established,  there  shall  be  a  special  board  of  directors,  consisting  of 
three  members,  who  shall  be  appointed  by  the  Governor,  subject  to  con- 
firmation by  the  Senate :  such  board  shall  have  the  management  of  the 
hospital    for   which    it    is    appointed,    under    the    supervision    and    con- 


40  CONSTITUTION  OF  VIRGINIA. 

trol  of  the  general  board  of  directors  hereinafter  constituted.  The  terms 
of  the  directors  first  appointed  shall  be  two,  four,  and  six  years,  respec- 
tively, and  thereafter,  upon  the  expiration  of  the  term  of  a  member,  his 
successor  shall  be  appointed  for  a  term  of  six  years. 

Sec.  150.  There  shall  be  a  general  board  of  directors  for  the  control 
and  management  of  all  the  state  hospitals  for  the  insane  now  existing  or 
hereafter  established,  which  shall  consist  of  all  the  directors  appointed 
members  of  the  several  special  boards.  The  general  board  of  directors 
shall  be  subject  to  such  regulations  and  requirements  as  the  General 
Assembly  may  from  time  to  time  prescribe,  and  shall  have  full  power  and 
control  over  the  special  boards  of  directors  and  all  of  the  officers  and 
employees  of  the  said  hospitals. 

Sec.  151.  The  general  board  of  directors  shall  appoint  for  a  term  of 
four  years  a  superintendent  for  each  hospital,  who  shall  be  removable 
by  said  board  for  misbehavior,  incapacity,  neglect  of  official  duty,  or 
acts  performed  without  authority  of  law.  The  special  board  of  each 
hospital,  shall,  subject  to  the  approval  of  the  general  board,  appoint  for  a 
term  of  four  years  all  other  resident  officers.  The  superintendent  of 
each  hospital  shall  appoint,  and  may  remove,  with  the  approval  of  the 
special  board,  all  other  employees  of  such  hospital. 

Sec.  152.  There  shall  be  a  Commissioner  of  State  Hospitals  for  the 
Insane,  who  shall  be  appointed  by  the  Governor,  subject  to  confirmation 
by  the  Senate,  for  a  term  of  four  years.  He  shall  be  ex-officio  chairman 
of  the  general  and  of  each  of  the  special  boards  of  directors,  and  shall  be 
responsible  for  the  proper  disbursement  of  all  moneys  appropriated  or 
received  from  any  source  for  the  maintenance  of  such  hospitals ;  he  shall 
cause  to  be  established  and  maintained  at  all  of  the  hospitals  a  uniform 
system  of  keeping  the  records  and  the  accounts  of  money  received  and 
disbursed  and  of  making  the  reports  thereof.  He  shall  perform  such 
other  duties  and  shall  execute  such  l)ond  and  receive  such  salary  as  may 
be  prescribed  by  law. 

ARTICLE  XII. 

CORPORATIOXS. 

Sec.  153.  As  used  in  this  article,  the  term  "corporation"  or  "com- 
pany" shall  include  all  trusts,  associations  and  joint  stock  companies 
having  any  powers  or  privileges  not  possessed  by  individuals  or  unlimited 
partnerships,  and  exclude  all  municipal  corporations  and  public  institu- 
tions owned  or  controlled  by  the  State;  the  term  "charter"  shall  be  con- 


fUXS'l  ITITIOX    OF    \ll;(ilXlA.  41 

strued  to  mean  tlie  charter  of  incorporation  by,  or  under,  which  any  such 
corporation  is  formed;  ihe  lenn  "transportation  company"  shall  include 
any  company,  trustee,  or  otlier  ])erson  owning,  leasing  or  operating  foi' 
hire  a  railroad,  street  railway,  canal,  steamboat  or  steamship  line,  and 
also  any  freight  car  coinpany,  car  association,  or  car  trust,  express  com- 
pany, or  company,  trustee  or  ])erson  in  any  way  engaged  in  l)usiness  as  a 
common  carrier  over  a  route  acquired  in  whole  or  in  part  under  the  right 
of  eminent  domain ;  the  term  "rate"  shall  be  construed  to  mean  "rate  of 
charge  for  any  service  rendered  or  to  l)c  rendered";  the  terms  "rate," 
"charge"  and  "regulation,"  shall  include  joint  rates,  joint  charges,  and 
joint  regulations,  respectively;  the  term  "transmission  company"  shall 
include  any  company  owning,  leasing,  or  operating  for  liire,  any  tele- 
graph or  telephone  line ;  the  term  "freight"  shall  be  construed  to  mean 
any  property  transported,  or  received  for  transportation,  l)y  any  trans- 
portation company  ;  the  term  "public  service  corporation"  shall  include 
all  transportation  and  transmission  companies,  all  gas,  electric  light, 
heat  and  power  companies,  and  all  persons  anthorized  to  exercise  th(^ 
right  of  eminent  domain,  or  to  use  or  occupy  any  street,  alley  or  public 
highway,  whether  along,  over,  or  under  the  same,  in  a  manner  not  per- 
mitted to  the  general  public;  the  term  "person,"  as  nsed  in  this  article, 
shall  include  individuals,  partnerships  and  corporations,  in  the  singular 
as  well  as  plural  number;  the  term  "bond"  shall  mean  all  certificates,  or 
w^ritten  evidences,  of  indebtedness  issued  by  any  corporation  and  secured 
by  mortgage  or  trust  deed ;  the  term  "frank"  shall  be  construed  to  mean 
any  writing  or  token,  issued  by,  or  under  authority  of,  a  transmission 
company,  entitling  the  holder  to  any  service  from  such  company  free  of 
charge.  The  provisions  of  this  article  shall  always  be  so  restricted  in 
their  application  as  not  to  contliet  with  any  of  the  provisions  of  the  Con- 
stitution of  the  United  States,  and  as  if  the  neccssai'y  limitations  upon 
their  interpretation  had  l)een  herein  expressed  in  each  case. 

Sec.  154.  The  creation  of  corporations,  and  the  extension  and  amend- 
ment of  charters  (whether  heretofore  or  hereafter  granted),  shall  be  pro- 
vided for  by  general  laws,  and  no  charter  shall  be  granted,  amended  or 
extended  by  special  act,  nor  shall  authority  in  such  matters  be  con- 
ferred upon  any  tribunal  or  officer,  except  to  ascertain  whether  the  ap- 
plicants have,  by  complying  with  the  requirements  of  the  law,  entitled 
themselves  to  the  charter,  amendment  or  extension  applied  for,  and  to 
issue,  or  refuse,  the  same  accordingly.  Such  general  laws  may  be 
amended  or  repealed  by  the  General  Assembly;  and  all  charters  and 
amendments  of  charters,  now  existing  and  revocable,  or  hereafter  granted 
or  extended,  may  be  repealed  at  any  time  by  special  act.     Provision  shall 


42  CONSTITUTION  OF  VIRGINIA. 

be  made,  by  general  laws,  for  the  voluntary  surrender  of  its  charter  by 
xiny  corporation,  and  for  the  forfeiture  thereof  for  non-user  or  mis-user. 
The  General  Assembly  shall  not,  by  special  act,  regulate  the  affairs  of 
<any  corporation,  nor,  by  such  act,  give  it  any  rights,  powers  or  privileges. 
Sec.  155.  A  permanent  commission,  to  consist  of  three  members,  is 
hereby  created,  which  shall  be  known  as  the  State  Corporation  Commis- 
sion. The  commissioners  shall  be  appointed  by  the  Governor,  subject  to 
confirmation  by  the  General  Assembly  in  joint  session,  and  their  regular 
terms  of  ofSce  shall  be  six  years,  respectively,  except  those  first  appointed 
under  this  Constitution,  of  whom,  one  shall  be  appointed  to  hold  office 
until  the  first  day  of  February,  nineteen  hundred  and  four,  one,  until 
I  be  first  day  of  February,  nineteen  hundred  and  six,  and  one,  until  the 
Irst  day  of  February,  nineteen  hundred  and  eight.  Whenever  a  vacancy 
in  the  commission  shall  occur,  the  Governor  shall  forthwith  appoint  a 
qualified  person  to  fill  the  same  for  the  unexpired  term,  subject  to  con- 
firmation by  the  General  Assembly  as  aforesaid.  Commissioners  ap- 
pointed for  regular  terms  shall,  at  the  beginning  of  the  terms  for  which 
appointed,  and  those  appointed  to  fill  vacancies  shall,  immediately  upon 
their  appointments,  enter  upon  the  duties  of  their  office;  but  no  person 
so  appointed,  either  for  a  regular  term,  or  to  fill  a  vacancy,  shall  enter 
upon,  or  continue  in,  office  after  the  General  Assembly  shall  have  refused 
to  confirm  his  appointment,  or  adjourned  sine  die  without  confirming 
the  same,  nor  shall  he  be  eligible  for  re-appointment  to  fill  the  vacancy 
eaused  by  such  refusal  or  failure  to  confirm.  No  person  while  employed 
by,  or  holding  any  office  in  relation  to,  any  transportation  or  transmis- 
sion company,  or  while  in  any  wise  financially  interested  therein,  or 
while  engaged  in  practicing  law,  shall  hold  office  as  a  member  of  said 
commission,  or  perform  any  of  the  duties  thereof.  At  least  one  of  the 
commissioners  shall  have  the  qualifications  prescribed  for  judges  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  Appeals;  and  any  commissioner  may  be  impeached  or 
removed  in  the  manner  provided  for  the  impeachment  or  removal  of  a 
judge  of  said  court.  The  commission  shall  annually  elect  one  of  their 
members  chairman  of  the  same,  and  shall  have  one  clerk,  one  bailiff 
and  such  other  clerks,  officers,  assistants  and  subordinates  as  may  be 
provided  by  law,  all  of  whom  shall  be  appointed,  and  subject  to  removal, 
by  the  commission.  It  shall  prescribe  its  own  rules  of  order  and  pro- 
cedure, except  so  far  as  the  same  are  specified  in  this  Constitution  or 
any  amendment  thereof.  The  General  Assembly  ma}'  establish  within 
the  department,  and  subject  to  the  supervision  and  control,  of  the  com- 
mission, subordinate  divisions,  or  bureaus,  of  insurance,  banking  or  other 
special  branches  of  the  business  of  that  department.     All  sessions  of 


COXSTITLTION   OF   VllJGIXIA.  43 

'the  commission  shall  be  public,  and  a  permanent  record  shall  be  kept 
of  all  its  judgments,  rules,  orders,  findings  and  decisions,  and  of  all  re- 
ports made  to,  or  by,  it.  Two  of  the  commissioners  shall  constitute  a 
quorum  for  the  transaction  of  business,  whether  there  be  a  vacancy  in 
the  commission  or  not.  The  commission  shall  keep  its  office  open  for 
business  on  every  day  except  Sundays  and  legal  holidays.  Transporta- 
tion companies  shall  at  all  times  transport,  free  of  charge,  within  this 
State,  the  members  of  said  commission  and  its  officers,  or  any  of  them, 
when  engaged  on  their  official  duties.  The  General  Assembly  shall  pro- 
vide suitable  quarters  for  the  commission  and  funds  for  its  lawful  ex- 
penses, including  pay  for  "witnesses  summoned,  and  costs  of  executing 
processes  issued,  by  the  commission  of  its  own  motion;  and  shall  fix  the 
salaries  of  the  members,  clerks,  assistants  and  subordinates  of  the  com- 
mission and  provide  for  the  payment  thereof;  but  the  salary  of  each 
•commissioner  shall  not  be  less  than  four  thousand  dollars  per  annum. 
After  the  first  day  of  January,  nineteen  hundred  and  eight,  the  General 
Assembly  may  provide  for  the  election  of  the  members  of  the  commission 
by  the  qualified  voters  of  the  State;  in  which  event,  vacancies  there- 
after occurring  shall  be  filled  as  hereinbefore  provided,  until  the  expira- 
tion of  twenty  days  after  the  next  general  election,  held  not  less  than 
sixty  days  after  the  vacancy  occurs,  at  which  election  the  vacancy  shall 
be  filled  for  the  residue  of  the  unexpired  term. 

Sec.  156.  (a)  Subject  to  the  provisions  of  this  Constitution  and  to 
such  requirements,  rules  and  regulations  as  may  be  prescribed  by  law, 
the  State  Corporation  Commission  shall  be  the  department  of  govern- 
ment through  which  shall  be  issued  all  charters  and  amendments  or  ex- 
tensions thereof,  for  domestic  corporations,  and.  all  licenses  to  do  busi- 
ness in  this  State  to  foreign  corporations;  and  through  which  shall  be 
carried  out  all  the  provisions  of  this  Constitution,  and  of  the  laws  made 
in  pursuance  thereof,  for  the  creation,  visitation,  supervision,  regula- 
tion and  control  of  corporations  chartered  by,  or  doing  business  in,  this 
State.  The  commission  shall  prescribe  the  forms  of  all  reports  which 
may  be  required  of  such  corporations  by  this  Constitution  or  by  law;  it 
shall  collect,  receive,  and  preserve  such  reports,  and  annually  tabulate 
and  publish  them  in  statistical  form;  it  shall  have  all  the  rights  and 
powers  of,  and  perform  all  the  duties  devolving  upon,  the  Eailroad  Com- 
missioner and  the  Board  of  Public  Works,  at  the  time  this  Constitution 
goes  into  effect,  except  so  far  as  they  are  inconsistent  with  this  Consti- 
tution, or  may  be  hereafter  abolished  or  changed  by  law. 

(h)  The  commission  shall  have  the  power,  and  be  charged  with  the 
-duty,  of  supervising,  regulating  and  controlling  all  transporiation  and 


44  COXSTITUTIOX  OF  VIRGINJA. 

transmission  companies  doing  business  in  this  State,  in  all  matters  re- 
lating to  the  performance  of  their  public  duties  and  their  charges  there- 
for, and  of  correcting  abuses  therein  by  such  companies;  and  to  that 
end  the  commission  shall,  from  time  to  time,  prescribe,  and  enforce 
against  such  companies,  in  the  manner  hereinafter  authorized,  such  rates, 
charges,  classifications  of  traffic,  and  rules  and  regulations,  and  shall  re- 
quire them  to  establish  and  maintain  all  such  public  service,  facilities 
and  conveniences,  as  may  be  reasonable  and  just,  which  said  rates, 
charges,  classifications,  rules',  regulations  and  requirements,  the  com- 
mission may,  from  time  to  time,  alter  or  amend.  All  rates,  charges, 
classifications,  rules  and  regulations  adopted,  or  acted  upon,  by  any  such 
company,  inconsistent  with  those  prescribed  by  the  commission,  within 
the  scope  of  its  authority,  shall  be  unlawful  and  void.  The  commission 
shall  also  have  the  right  at  all  times  to  inspect  the  books  and  papers  of 
all  transportation  and  transmission  companies  doing  business  in  this 
State,  and  to  require  from  such  companies,  from  time  to  time,  special 
reports  and  statements  under  oath,  concerning  their  business;  it  shall 
keep  itself  fully  informed  of  the  physical  condition  of  all  the  railroads 
of  the  State,  as  to  the  manner  in  which  they  are  operated,  with  reference 
to  the  security  and  accommodation  of  the  public,  and  shall,  from  time 
to  time,  make  and  enforce  such  requirements,  rules  and  regulations  as 
may  be  necessary  to  prevent  unjust  or  unreasonable  discriminations  by 
any  transportation  or  transmission  company  in  favor  of,  or  against,  any 
person,  locality,  community,  connecting  line,  or  kind  of  traffic,  in  the 
matter  of  car  service,  train  or  boat  schedule,  efficiency  of  transportation 
or  otherwise,  in  connection  with  the  public  duties  of  such  company. 
Before  the  commission  shall  prescribe  or  fix  any  rate,  charge,  or  classi- 
fication of  traffic,  and  before  it  shall  make  any  order,  rule,  regulation  or 
requirement  directed  against  any  one  or  more  companies  by  name,  the 
company  or  companies  to  be  afCccted  by  such  rate,  charge,  classification, 
order,  rule,  regulation  or  requirement,  shall  first  be  given,  by  the  com- 
mission, at  least  ten  days'  notice  of  the  time  and  place,  when  and  where 
the  contemplated  action  in  the  premises  will  be  considered  and  disposed 
of,  and  shall  be  afforded  a  reasonable  opportunity  to  introduce  evidence 
and  to  be  heard  thereon,  to  the  end  that  justice  may  be  done,  and  shall 
have  process  to  enforce  the  attendance  of  witnesses;  and  before  the  com- 
mission shall  make  or  prescribe  any  general  order,  rule,  regulation  or 
requirement,  not  directed  against  any  specific  company  or  companies  by 
name,  the  contemplated  general  order,  rule,  regulation  or  requirement 
shall  first  be  published  in  substance,  not  less  than  once  a  week  for  four 
consecutive  weeks  in  one  or  more  of  the  newspapers  of  general  circulation 


CON.STITLTIUX    OF    VIUUINIA.  i-J 

published  in  the  cily  of  I'ichmond,  Virginia,  together  with  notice  of  the 
time  and  place,  whiii  and  wliere  the  commission  will  hear  any  objections 
Avhicli  may  be  urged  by  any  person  interested,  against  the  proposed  order, 
rule,  regulation  or  re(]uirement;  and  every  such  general  order,  rule,  reg- 
ulation or  requirement,  made  by  the  commission  shall  be  published  at 
length,  for  the  time  and  in  tlic  manner  above  s])ecifie(l,  before  it  shall  go 
into  eU'eet,  and  shall  also,  as  long  as  it  remains  in  force,  Ijq  published 
in  each  subsequent  annual  report  of  the  commission.  The  authority  of 
the  commission  (subject  to  review  on  a])|)eal  as  hereinafter  pi-ovided) 
fo  prescribe  rates,  charges  and  classifications  of  traffic,  for  trans])ortation 
and  transmission  companies,  shall  be  ])aramount;  hut  its  authority  to 
prescribe  any  other  rules,  regulations  or  requirements  for  eoi-porations  or 
•other  persons  shall  be  subject  to  the  supei'ior  authority  of  the  General 
Assembly  to  legislate  thereon  by  general  laws:  jirovided,  however,  that 
nothing  in  this  section  shall  iini)aii-  llie  I'ight  which  has  heretofore  been, 
or  may  hei'eafter  be,  confei'red  by  law  upon  the  authoi'itics  of  any  city, 
town  or  county  to  i)rescribe  ruh'S,  regulations  oi'  rates  of  chai-ge  to  be 
observed  by  any  public  service  corporatioii  in  connect i(m  with  any  ser- 
vices performed  by  it  uiuler  a  municipal  or  county  franchis<'  granted  by 
such  city,  town  or  county,  so  far  as  such  services  may  be  wholly  within 
the  limits  of  the  city,  town  or  county  granting  the  franchise.  IJ])on  the 
re(pu\«t  of  the  iiarties  interested,  it  shall  be  the  duly  of  the  commission, 
as  far  as  possible,  to  effect,  by  mediation,  the  adjustment  of  claims,  and 
the  settlement  of  controversies,  between  transportation  or  transmission 
■companies  and  their  ])atrons. 

(c)  In  all  matters  pertaining  to  the  puldic  visitation,  regulation  or 
control  of  corporations,  and  witliin  the  jni'isdietion  of  the  commission, 
it  shall  have  the  ]iowers  and  authority  of  a  court  of  record,  to  administer 
■oaths,  to  compel  the  attendance  of  witnesses  and  the  production  of  papers, 
to  punish  for  contempt  any  person  guilty  of  disrespectful  or  disorderly 
•conduct  in  the  ])resenee  of  the  commission  while  in  session,  and  to  en- 
force compliance  with  any  of  its  lawful  orders  or  re(]uirements  by  ad- 
judging, and  enforcing  by  its  own  ajipi^opi-iiite  process,  against  the  delin- 
quent or  offending  company  (aflei-  it  shall  have  been  fii'st  duly  cited, 
proceeded  against  by  due  process  of  law  before  the  commission  sitting  as 
■a  court,  and  afforded  oi)portunity  to  introduce  evidence  and  to  be  beard, 
as  well  against  the  validity,  justness  or  reasonableness  of  the  oi'der  or 
requirement  all(\g<Ml  to  have  been  violated,  as  against  the  liability  of 
the  company  for  tlie  alleged  violation),  such  fines  or  other  penalties  as 
may  be  prescribed  or  authorized  l)y  this  Constitution  or  by  law.  'I'he 
•commission  nuiy  be  vested  with  such  additional  powers,  and  charged  with 
such  other  duties    (not    inconsisttMit   with   this   Constitution)    as   may   be 


4G  CONSTITUTION  OF  VIRGINIA. 

prescribed  by  law,  in  coimcction  with  the  visitation,  regulation  or  con- 
trol of  corporations,  or  with  the  prescribing  and  enforcing  of  rates  and 
charges  to  be  observed  in  the  conduct  of  any  business  where  the  State  has 
the  right  to  prescribe  the  rates  and  charges  in  connection  therewith,  or 
with  the  assessment  of  the  property  of  corporations,  or  the  appraisement 
of  their  franchises,  for  taxation,  or  with  the  investigation  of  the  subject 
of  taxation  generally.  Any  corporation  failing  or  refusing  to  obey  any 
valid  order  or  requirement  of  the  commission,  within  such  reasonable 
time,  not  less  than  ten  days,  as  shall  be  fixed  in  the  order,  may  be  fined  by 
the  commission  (proceeTling  by  due  process  of  law  as  aforesaid)  such 
sum,  not  exceeding  five  hundred  dollars,  as  the  commission  may  deem^ 
proper,  or  such  sum,  in  excess  of  five  hundred  dollars,  as  may  be  pre- 
scribed, or  authorized,  by  law;  and  each  day's  continuance  of  such  fail-^ 
ure  or  refusal,  after  due  service  upon  such  corporation  of  the  order  or 
requirement  of  the  commission,  shall  be  a  separate  offence :  provided, 
that  should  the  operation  of  such  order  or  requirement  be  suspended 
pending  an  appeal  therefrom,  the  period  of  such  suspension  shall  not 
be  computed  against  the  company  in  the  matter  of  its  liability  to  fines 
or  penalties. 

(d)  From  any  action  of  the  commission  prescribing  rates,  charges  or 
classifications  of  traffic,  or  affecting  the  train  schedule  of  any  transporta- 
tion company,  or  requiring  additional  facilities,  conveniences  or  public 
service  of  any  transportation  or  transmission  company,  or  refusing  to- 
approve  a  suspending  bond,  or  requiring  additional  security  thereon  or 
an  increase  thereof,  as  provided  for  in  sub-section  e  of  this  section,  an 
appeal  (subject  to  such  reasonable  limitations  as  to  time,  regulations  as 
to  procedure  and  provisions  as  to  costs,  as  may  be  prescribed  by  law)  may 
be  taken  by  the  corporation  whose  rates,  charges  or  classifications  of 
traffic,  schedule,  facilities,  conveniences  or  service,  are  affected,  or  by 
any  person  deeming  himself  aggrieved  by  such  action,  or  (if  allowed  hy 
law)  by  the  Commonwealth.  Until  otlierwise  provided  by  law,  such  ap- 
peal shall  be  taken  in  the  manner  in  which  appeals  may  be  taken  to  the 
Supreme  Court  of  Appeals  from  the  inferior  courts,  except  that  such  an 
appeal  shall  be  of  right,  and  the  Supreme  Court  of  Appeals  may  pro- 
vide by  rule  for  proceedings  in  the  matter  of  appeals  in  any  particular 
in  which  the  existing  rules  of  law  are  inapplicable.  If  such  appeal  be 
taken  by  the  corporation  whose  rates,  charges  or  classifications  of  traffic,, 
schedules,  facilities,  conveniences  or  service  are  affected,  the  Common- 
wealth shall  be  made  the  appellee ;  but,  in  the  other  cases  mentioned, 
the  corporation  so  affected  shall  be  made  the  appellee.  The  General 
Assomlily  may  also.  ])y  general  laws,  provide  for  appeals  from  any  other 


CONSTITUTION    01-'    VllKilXiA.  47 

action  of  the  commission,  by  the  Commonwealth  or  l)_v  hii\-  person  inter- 
ested, irrespective  of  the  amount  involved.  All  appeals  from  the  com- 
mission shall  be  to  the  Supreme  Court  of  Appeals  only;  and  in  all  ap- 
peals to  which  the  Commonwealth  is  a  party,  it  shall  be  represented  by 
the  Attorney-General  or  his  legally  appointed  representative.  No  court 
of  this  Commonwealth  (except  the  Supreme  Court  of  Appeals,  by  way 
of  appeals  as  herein  authorized),  shall  have  jurisdiction  to  review,  re- 
verse, correct  or  annul  any  action  of  the  commission,  within  tlie  scope  of 
its  authority,  or  to  suspend  or  delay  the  execution  or  operation  thereof, 
or  to  enjoin,  restrain  or  intcTfere  with  the  commission  in  the  per- 
formance of  its  official  duties:  provided,  however,  that  the  writs  of  maii- 
(latiius  and  prohilution  shall  lie  from  the  Supreme  Court  of  Appeals  to 
the  commission  in  all  cases  where  such  writs,  respectively,  would  lie  to 
any  inferior  tribunal  or  officer. 

(e)  Upon  the  granting  of  an  appeal,  a  writ  of  supersedeas  may  be 
awarded  by  the  appellate  court,  suspending  the  operation  of  the  action 
appealed  from  until  the  final  disposition  of  the  appeal;  but,  prior  to  the 
final  reversal  thereof  by  the  appellate  court,  no  action  of  the  commis- 
sion prescribing  or  affecting  the  rates,  charges  or  classifications  of  trafBc 
of  any  transportation  or  transmission  company  shall  be  delayed,  or  sus- 
pended, in  its  operation,  by  reason  of  any  appeal  by  such  corporation,  or 
by  reason  of  any  proceedings  resulting  from  such  appeal,  until  a  suspend- 
ing bond  shall  first  have  been  executed  and  filed  with,  and  approved  l)y, 
the  commission  (or  approved  on  review  by  the  Supreme  Court  of  x'Vp- 
pcals),  payal)le  to  the  Commonwealth,  and  sufficient  in  amount  and  se- 
curity to  insure  the  prompt  refunding,  by  the  appealing  corporation  to 
the  parties  entitled  thereto,  of  all  charges  which  such  company  may  col- 
lect or  receive,  pending  the  appeal,  in  excess  of  those  fixed,  or  authorized, 
by  the  final  decision  of  the  court  on  appeal.  The  commission,  upon  the 
execution  of  such  bond,  shall  forthwith  require  the  appealing  company, 
under  penalty  of  the  immediate  enforcement  (pending  the  appeal  and 
notwithstanding  any  supersedeas) ,  of  the  order  or  requirement  appealed 
from,  to  keep  such  accounts,  and  to  make  to  the  commission,  from  time  to 
time,  such  reports,  verified  by  oath,  as  may,  in  the  judgment  of  the  com- 
mission, suffice  to  show  the  amounts  being  charged  or  received  by  the 
company,  pending  the  appeal,  in  excess  of  the  charge  allowed  l)y  the 
action  of  the  commission  appealed  from,  together  with  the  names  and 
addresses  of  the  persons  to  whom  such  overcharges  will  be  refundal)le  in 
ca,se  the  charges  made  by  the  company  pending  the  appeal,  be  not  sus- 
tained on  such  appeal ;  and  the  commission  shall  also,  from  time  to  time, 
require  such  company,  under  like  penalty,  to  give  additional  security  on. 


48 


CONSTITUTION   OF  VIRGINIA. 


or  to  increase,  the  said  suspending  bond,  whenever,  in  the  opinion  of 
the  commission,  the  same  may  be  necessary  to  insure  the  prompt  refund- 
ing of  the  overcharges  aforesaid.  Upon  the  final  decision  of  such  ap- 
peal, all  amounts  which  the  appealing  company  may  have  collected, 
pending  the  appeal,  in  excess  of  that  authorized  by  such  final  decision, 
shall  be  promptly  refunded  by  the  company  to  the  parties  entitled  thereto, 
in  such  manner,  and  through  such  methods  of  distribution,  as  may  be 
prescribed  by  the  commission,  or  liy  law.  All  such  appeals  affecting 
rates,  charges  or  classifications  of  traffic,  shall  have  precedence  upon 
the  docket  of  the  appellate  court,  and  shall  be  heard  and  disposed  of 
promptly  by  the  court,  irrespective  of  its  place  of  session,  next  after  the 
hahras  rorjni,'^,  and  Commonwealth's,  cases  already  on  the  docket  of  the 
court. 

(/')  In  no  case  of  appeal  from  the  commission  shall  any  new  or  addi- 
tional evidence  be  introduced  in  the  app-^llate  court ;  but  the  chairman  of 
the  commission,  under  the  seal  of  the  commission,  shall  certify  to  the 
appellate  court  all  the  facts  upon  which  the  action  appealed  from  was 
based  and  which  may  be  essential  for  the  proper  decision  of  the  appeal, 
together  with  such  of  the  evidence  introduced  before,  or  considered  by, 
the  commission  as  may  be  selected,  specified  and  required  to  be  certified, 
by  any  party  in  interest,  as  well  as  such  other  evidence,  so  introduced  or 
considered,  as  the  commission  may  deem  proper  to  certify.  The  com- 
mission shall,  whenever  an  appeal  is  taken  therefrom,  file  with  the  record 
of  the  case,  and  as  a  part  thereof,  a  written  statement  of  the  reasons 
upon  which  the  action  appealed  from  was  based,  and  such  statement  shall 
be  read  and  considered  by  the  appellate  court,  upon  disposing  of  the 
appeal.  The  appellate  court  shall  have  jurisdiction,  on  such  appeal,  to 
consider  and  determine  the  reasonableness  and  justness  of  the  action  of 
the  commission  appealed  from,  as  well  as  any  other  matter  arising  under 
such  appeal :  provided,  how^ever,  that  the  action  of  the  commission  ap- 
pealed from  sliall  be  regarded  as  prima  facie  just,  reasonable  and  cor- 
rect; but  the  court  may,  when  it  deems  necessary,  in  the  interest  of  jus- 
tice, remand  to  the  commission  any  case  pending  on  appeal,  and  require 
tlie  same  to  he  further  investigated  by  the  commission,  and  reported 
upon  to  the  court  (together  with  a  certificate  of  such  additional  evidence 
as  may  be  tendered  before  the  commission  by  any  party  in  interest), 
before  the  appeal  is  finally  decided. 

(g)  Whenever  the  court,  upon  appeal,  shall  reverse  an  order  of  the 
commission  affecting  the  rates,  charges  or  the  classification  of  traffic  of 
any  transportation  or  transmission  company,  it  shall,  at  the  same  time, 
substitute  therefor  such  order  as,  in  its  opinion,  the  commission  should 


(^ONSTITITIOX    OF    VIKCINIA.  49 

have  nuule  at  the  time  of  entering  the  order  appealed  from;  otherwise, 
the  reversal  order  shall  not  he  valid.  Such  suhstituted  orck'r  shall  have 
the  same  force  and  efl'ect  (and  non<'  other)  as  if  it  had  heen  entered  by 
the  commission  at  the  time  the  original  order  ai)])ealed  from  was  en- 
tered. The  right  of  the  commission  to  prescrihe  and  enforce  rates, 
charges,  classifications,  rules  and  regulations,  aU'ecting  any  or  all  actions 
of  the  commission  theretofore  entered  l)y  it  and  a[)pealed  from,  hut 
based  upon  circumstances  or  conditions  dilferent  from  those  existing  at 
the  time  the  order  appealetl  from  was  made,  shall  not  he  suspended  or 
impaired  by  reason  of  the  pendency  of  such  appeal;  hut  no  order  of  the 
commission,  prescribing  or  altering  such  rates,  charges,  classifications, 
rules  or  regulations,  shall  be  retroactive. 

(//)  The  right  of  any  person  to  institute  and  prosecute  in  the  ordinary 
courts  of  justice,  any  action,  suit  or  motion  against  any  transportation  or 
transmission  company,  for  any  claim  or  cause  of  action  against  such 
company,  shall  not  be  extinguished  or  impaired,  by  reason  of  any  fine 
or  other  penalty  which  the  commission  may  impose,  or  be  authorized  to 
impose,  upon  such  company  because  of  its  breach  of  any  public  duty,  or 
because  of  its  failure  to  comply  with  any  order  or  requirement  of  the 
commission ;  but,  in  no  such  proceeding  by  any  person  against  such  cor- 
poration, nor  in  any  collateral  proceeding,  shall  the  reasonableness, 
justness  or  validity  of  any  rate,  charge,  classification  of  traffic,  rule,  regu- 
lation or  requirement, •> theretofore  prescribed  by  the  commission,  within 
the  scope  of  its  authority,  and  then  in  force,  be  questioned:  provided^ 
however,  that  no  case  based  upon  or  involving  any  order  of  the  commis- 
sion shall  be  heard,  or  disposed  of,  against  the  objection  of  either  party, 
so  long  as  such  order  is  suspended  in  its  operation  by  an  order  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  Appeals  as  authorized  by  this  Constitution  or  by  any 
law  passed  in  pursuance  thereof. 

(i)  The  commission  shall  make  annual  reports  to  the  Governor  of  its 
proceedings,  in  which  reports  it  shall  recommend,  from  time  to  time,  such 
new  or  additional  legislation  in  reference  to  its  powers  or  duties,  or  to 
the  creation,  supervision,  regulation  or  control  of  corporations,  or  to  (he 
subject  of  taxation,  as  it  may  deem  wise  or  expedient,  or  as  may  be  re- 
quired by  law. 

(k)  Upon  the  organization  of  the  State  Corporatioii  Commission,  the 
Board  of  Public  Works  and  the  olTice  of  I'ailroad  Commissioner,  shall 
cease  to  exist;  and  all  books,  papers  and  documents  pertaining  thereto, 
shall  l)e  transferred  to,  and  become  a  part  of  the  records  of,  the  office 
of  the  State  Corporation  Commission. 

(I)  After  the  first  day  of  January,  nineteen  hundred  and  i\\-{\  in  ad- 
4 


f,0  CONSTITUTION  OF  VIRGINIA. 

dition  to  the  modes  of  amendment  provided  for  in  Article  Fifteen  of 
this  Constitution,  the  General  Assembly,  upon  the  recommendation  of 
the  State  Corporation  Commission,  may,  by  law,  from  time  to  time, 
amend  sub-sections  a  to  i,  inclusive,  of  this  section,  or  any  of  them,  or 
any  such  amendment  thereof :  provided,  that  no  amendment  made  under 
authority  of  this  sub-section  shall  contravene  the  provisions  of  any  part 
of  this  Constitution  other  than  the  sub-sections  last  above  referred  to  or 
any  such  amendment  thereof. 

Sec.  157.  Provision  shall  be  made  by  general  laws  for  the  payment  of  a 
fee  to  the  Commonwealth  by  every  domestic  corporation,  upon  the 
granting,  amendment  or  extension  of  its  charter,  and  by  every  foreign 
corporation  upon  obtaining  a  license  to  do  business  in  this  State  as  speci- 
fied in  this  section;  and  also  for  the  payment,  by  every  domestic  corpo- 
ration, and  foreign  corporation  doing  business  in  this  State,  of  an  annual 
registration  fee  of  not  less  than  five  dollars  nor  more  than  twenty-five 
dollars,  which  shall  be  irrespective  of  any  specific  license,  or  other,  tax 
imposed  by  law  upon  such  company  for  the  privilege  of  carrying  on  its 
business  in  this  State,  or  upon  its  franchise  or  property;  and  for  the 
making,  by  every  such  corporation  (at  the  time  of  pajdng  such  annual 
registration  fee),  of  such  report  to  the  State  Corporation  Commission, 
of  the  status,  business  or  condition  of  such  corporation,  as  the  General 
Assembly  may  prescribe.  No  foreign  corporation  shall  have  authority 
to  do  business  in  this  State,  until  it  shall  have  first  obtained  from  the 
■commission  a  license  to  do  business  in  this  State,  upon  such  terms  and 
conditions  as  may  be  prescribed  by  law.  The  failure  by  any  corporation 
for  two  successive  years  to  pay  its  annual  registration  fee,  or  to  make 
its  said  annual  reports,  shall,  when  such  failure  shall  have  continued  for 
ninety  days  after  the  expiration  of  such  two  years,  operate  as  a  revoca- 
tion and  annulment  of  the  charter  of  such  corporation  if  it  be  a  domestic 
company,  or,  of  its  license  to  do  business  in  this  State  if  it  be  a  foreign 
company;  and  the  General  Assembly  shall  provide  additional  and  suit- 
able penalties  for  the  failure  of  any  corporation  to  comply  promptly  with 
the  requirements  of  this  section,  or  of  any  laws  passed  in  pursuance 
thereof.  The  commission  shall  compel  all  corporations  to  comply 
promptly  with  such  requirements,  by  enforcing,  in  the  manner  herein- 
before authorized,  such  fines  and  penalties  against  the  delinquent  com- 
pany as  may  be  provided  for,  or  authorized  by,  this  article;  but  the 
General  Assembly  may  relieve  from  the  payment  of  the  said  registration 
fee  any  purely  charitable  institution  or  institutions. 

Sec.  158.   Every  corporation  heretofore  chartered  in  this  State,  which 
shall  hereafter  accept,   or  effect,   any   amendment   or  extension   of  its 


CONSTITUTION    OF    VIKGIXIA.  51 

charter,  shall  be  conclusively  presumed  to  have  therehy  surrendered  every 
•exemption  from  taxation,  and  every  non-repoalable  feature  of  its  charter 
iind  of  the  amciKhncnts  thereof,  and  al.-o  all  exclusive  rights  or  jjrivilcges 
tlieretofore  granted  to  it  by  the  General  Assembly  and  not  enjoyed  by 
other  corporations  of  a  similar  general  character;  and  to  have  thereby 
agreed  to  thereafter  hold  its  charter  and  fi-anchises,  and  all  amendments 
thereof,  under  the  provisions  and  subject  to  all  the  requirements,  terms 
and  conditions  of  this  Constitution  and  of  any  laws  passed  in  pursuance 
thereof,  so  far  as  the  same  may  be  applicable  to  such  corporation. 

Sec.  159.  The  exercise  of  the  right  of  eminent  domain  shall  never  be 
abridged,  nor  so  construed  as  to  prevent  the  General  Assembly  from 
taking  the  property  and  franchises  of  corporations  and  subjecting  them 
to  public  use,  the  same  as  the  property  of  individuals;  and  the  exercise 
of  the  police  ])ower  of  the  State  shall  never  be  abridged,  nor  so  con- 
strued as  to  permit  corporations  to  conduct  their  business  in  such  man- 
ner as  to  infringe  the  equal  rights  of  individuals  or  the  general  well- 
being  of  the  State. 

Sec.  160.  No  transportation  or  transmission  company  shall  charge  or 
receive  any  greater  compensation,  in  the  aggregate,  for  transporting  the 
same  class  of  passengers  or  property,  or  for  transmitting  the  same  class 
of  messages,  over  a  shorter  than  over  a  longer  distance,  along  the  same 
line  and  in  the  same  direction — the  shorter  being  included  in  the  longer 
distance;  but  this  section  shall  not  be  construed  as  authorizing  any  such 
company  to  charge  or  receive  as  great  compensation  for  a  "shorter  as  for 
a  longer  distance.  The  State  Corporation  Commission  may,  from  time 
to  time,  authorize  any  such  company  to  disregard  the  foregoing  provisions 
of  this  section,  by  charging  such  rates  as  the  commission  may  prescribe 
as  just  and  equitable  between  such  company  and  the  public,  to  or  from 
any  junctional  or  competitive  points  or  localities,  or  where  the  competi- 
tion of  points  located  without  this  State  may  make  necessary  the  prescrib- 
ing of  special  rates  for  the  protection  of  the  commerce  of  this  State ;  but 
this  section  shall  not  apply  to  mileage  tickets,  or  to  any  special  excur- 
sion, or  commutation,  rates,  or  to  special  rates  for  services  rendered  to 
the  government  of  this  State,  or  of  the  United  States,  or  in  the  interest 
of  some  public  object,  when  such  tickets  or  rates  shall  have  been  pre- 
scribed or  authorized  by  the  commission. 

Sec.  IGl.  No  transportation  or  transmission  company  doing  business 
in  this  State  shall  grant  to  any  member  of  the  General  Assembly,  or  to 
any  state,  eounly.  distriet  or  municipal  oflieer,  except  to  meml)ers  and 
officers  of  the  State  Corporation  Commission  for  their  personal  use 
while  in  office,  any  frank,  free  pass,  free  transportation,  or  any  rebate 


52  CONSTITUTION  OF  VIRGINIA. 

or  retluction  in  the  rates  charged  by  such  company  to  the  general  public 
for  like  services.  For  violation  of  the  provisions  of  this  section  the 
offending  company  shall  be  liable  to  such  penalties  as  may  be  prescribed 
bv  law;  and  any  member  of  the  General  Assembly,  or  any  such  officer, 
who  shall,  while  in  ofRce,  accept  any  gift,  privilege  or  benefit  as  is  pro- 
hibited by  this  section,  shall  thereby  forfeit  his  office,  and  be  subject  to 
such  further  penalties  as  may  be  prescribed  by  law ;  but  this  section  shall 
not  prevent  a  street  railway  company  from  transporting  free  of  charge 
any  member  of  the  police  force  or  fire  department  while  in  the  discharge 
of  his  official  duties,  nor  prohibit  the  acceptance  by  any  such  policeman  or 
fireman  of  such  free  transportation. 

See.  1G2.  The  doctrine  of  fellow-servant,  so  far  as  it  affects  the  lia- 
bility of  the  master  for  injuries  to  his  servant  resulting  from  the  acts 
or  omissions  of  any  other  servant  or  servants  of  the  common  master,  is, 
to  the  extent  hereinafter  stated,  abolished  as  to  every  employee  of  a 
railroad  company,  engaged  in  the  physical  construction,  repair  or  main- 
tenance of  its  roadway,  track  or  any  of  the  structures  connected  there- 
with, or  in  any  work  in  or  upon  a  car  or  engine  standing  upon  a  track, 
or  in  the  physical  operation  of  a  train,  car,  engine,  or  switch,  or  in  any 
service  requiring  his  presence  upon  a  train,  car  or  engine ;  and  every  such 
employee  shall  have  the  same  right  to  recover  for  every  injury  suffered 
by  him  from  the  acts  or  omissions  of  any  other  employee  or  employees 
of  the  common  master,  that  a  servant  would  have  (at  the  time  when  this 
Constitution  gees  into  effect),  if  such  acts  or  omissions  w'ere  those  of  the 
master  himself  in  the  performance  of  a  non-assignable  duty:  provided, 
that  the  injury,  so  suffered  by  such  railroad  employee,  result  from  the 
negligence  of  an  officer,  or  agent,  of  the  company  of  a  higher  grade  of 
service  than  himself,  or  from  that  of  a  person,  employed  by  the  com- 
pany, having  the  right,  or  charged  with  the  duty,  to  control  or  direct  the 
general  services  or  the  immediate  work  of  the  party  injured,  or  the  gen- 
eral services  or  the  immediate  work  of  the  co-employee  through,  or  bj^ 
whose  act  or  omission  he  is  injured ;  or  that  it  result  from  the  negligence 
of  a  co-employee  engaged  in  another  department  of  labor,  or  engaged 
upon,  or  in  charge  of,  any  car  upon  which,  or  upon  the  train  of  which 
it  is  a  part,  the  injured  employee  is  not  at  the  time  of  receiving  the 
injury,  or  who  is  in  charge  of  any  switch,  signal  point,  or  locomotive 
engine,  or  is  charged  with  dispatching  trains  or  transmitting  tele- 
graphic or  telephonic  orders  therefor;  and  whether  such  negligence  be 
in  the  performance  of  an  assignable  or  non-assignable  duty.  The  physi- 
cal construction,  repair  or  maintenance  of  the  roadway,  track  or  any 
of  the  structures  connected  therewith,   and   the   physical   construction. 


COXSTITUTIOX   OF  VIRGINIA.  53 

rcjjair,  maintenance,  cleaning  or  operation  of  trains,  cars  or  engines, 
shall  be  regarded  as  diiTerent  departments  of  labor  within  the  meaning 
of  this  section.  Knowledge,  by  any  such  railroad  employee  injured,  of 
the  defective  or  unsafe  character  or  coiulition  of  any  machinery,  ways, 
appliances  or  structures,  shall  be  no  defence  to  an  action  for  injury 
caused  thereby.  When  death,  whether  instantaneous  or  not,  results  to 
such  an  employee  from  any  injury  for  which  he  could  have  recovered, 
under  the  above  provisions,  had  death  not  occurred,  then  his  legal  or 
personal  representative,  surviving  consort,  and  relatives  (and  any  trus- 
tee, curator,  committee  or  guardian  of  such  consort  or  relatives)  shall, 
respectively,  have  the  same  rights  and  remedies  with  respect  thereto  as 
if  his  death  had  been  caused  by  the  negligence  of  a  co-employee  while  in 
the  performance,  as  vice-principal,  of  a  non-assignable  duty  of  the 
master.  Every  contract  or  agreement,  express  or  implied,  made  by  an 
employee,  to  waive 'the  l)enefit  of  this  section,  shall  be  null  and  void. 
This  section  shall  not  be  construed  to  deprive  any  employee,  or  his  legal 
or  personal  representative,  surviving  con-^ort  or  relatives  (or  any  trustee, 
curator,  committee  or  guardian  of  sucli  consort  or  relatives),  of  any 
rights  or  remedies  that  he  or  they  may  have  by  the  law  of  the  land,  at 
the  time  this  Constitution  goes  into  effect.  Nothing  contained  in  this 
section  shall  restrict  the  power  of  the  General  Assembly  to  further  en- 
large, for  the  above-named  class  of  em])loyees,  the  rights  and  remedies 
hereinbefore  provided  for,  or  to  extend  such  rights  and  remedies  to,  or 
otherwise  enlarge  the  present  rights  and  remedies  of,  any  other  class  of 
employees  of  railroads  or  of  employees  of  any  person,  firm  or  corpora- 
tion. 

Sec.  163.  No  foreign  corjioration  shall  Ije  authorized  to  carry  on,  in 
this  State,  the  business,  or  to  exercise  any  of  the  powers  or  functions,  of 
a  public  service  corporation,  or  be  permitted  to  do  anything  which  domes- 
tic corporations  are  prohibited  from  doing,  or  be  relieved  from  com- 
pliance with  any  of  the  requirements  made  of  similar  domestic  corpora- 
tions by  the  Constitution  and  laws  of  this  State,  where  the  same  can  be 
made  applicable  to  such  foreign  corporation  without  discriminating 
against  it.  Rut  this  section  shall  not  affect  any  public  service  corpora- 
tion whose  line  or  route  extends  across  the  boundary  of  this  Common- 
wealth, nor  prevent  any  foreign  corporation  from  continuing  in  such 
lawful  business  as  it  may  be  actually  engaged  in  within  this  State,  when 
this  Constitution  goes  into  effect;  but  any  such  foreign  public  service 
corporation,  so  engaged,  shall  not,  without  first  becoming  incorporated 
under  the  laws  of  this  State,  be  authorized  to  acquire,  lease,  use  or 
operate,  within  this  Stale,  any  pid)lic  or  municipal  franchise  or  fran- 


54  CONSTITUTION  OF  VIRGINIA. 

chises  ill  acldition  to  such  as  it  may  own,  lease,  use  or  operate  when  this- 
Constitution  goes  into  effect.  The  property,  within  this  State,  of  foreign 
corporations  shall  always  be  subject  to  attachment,  the  same  as  that  of 
non-resident  individuals;  and  nothing  in  this  section  shall  restrict  the- 
power  of  the  General  Assembly  to  discriminate  against  foreign  corpora- 
tions whenever,  and  in  whatsoever  respect,  it  may  deem  wise  or  expe- 
dient. 

Sec.  1C4.  The  right  of  the  Commonwealth,  through  such  instrumen- 
talities as  it  may  select,  to  prescribe  and  define  the  public  duties  of  all 
common  carriers  and  public  service  corporations,  to  regulate  and  control 
them  in  the  performance  of  their  public  duties,  and  to  fix  and  limit 
their  charges  therefor,  shall  never  be  surrendered  nor  abridged. 

Sec.  165.  The  General  Assembly  shall  enact  laws  preventing  all  trusts, 
combinations  and  monopolies,  inimical  to  the  public  welfare. 

Sec.  166.  The  exclusive  right  to  build  or  operate  railroads  parallel  tO' 
its  own,  or  any  other,  line  of  railroad,  shall  not  be  granted  to  any  com- 
pany: but  every  railroad  company  shall  have  the  right,  subject  to  such 
reasonable  regulations  as  may  be  prescribed  by  law,  to  parallel,  inter- 
sect, connect  with  or  cross,  with  its  roadway,  any  other  railroad  or  rail- 
roads; but  no  railroad  company  shall  build  or  operate  any  line  of  rail- 
road not  specified  in  its  charter,  or  in  some  amendment  thereof.  All 
railroad  companies,  whose  lines  of  railroad  connect,  shall  receive  and 
transport  each  other's  passengers,  freight,  and  loaded  or  empty  cars,  with- 
out delay  or  discrimination.  jSTothing  in  this  section  shall  deprive  the 
General  Assembly  of  the  right  to  prevent  by  statute,  repealable  at 
pleasure,  any  railroad  from  being  built  parallel  to  the  present  line  of 
the  Richmond,  Fredericksburg  and  Potomac  railroad. 

Sec.  167.  The  General  Assembly  shall  enact  general  laws  regulating 
and  controlling  all  issues  of  stock  and  bonds  by  corporations.  When- 
ever stock  or  bonds  are  to  be  issued  by  a  corporation,  it  shall,  before 
issuing  the  same,  file  with  the  State  Corporation  Commission  a  state- 
ment (verified  by  the  oath  of  the  president  or  secretary  of  the  corpora- 
tion, and  in  such  form  as  may  be  prescribed  or  permitted  by  the  commis- 
sion) setting  forth  fully  and  accurately  the  basis,  or  financial  plan,  upon 
which  such  stock  or  bonds  are  to  be  issued;  and  where  such  basis  or 
plan  includes  services  or  property  (other  than  money),  received  or  to 
be  received  Ijy  the  company,  such  statement  shall  accurately  specify  and 
describe,  in  the  manner  prescribed,  or  permitted,  by  the  commission,  the 
services  and  property,  together  with  the  valuation  at  which  the  same  are 
received  or  to  be  received;  and  such  corporation  shall  comply  with  any 
other  requirements  or  restrictions  which  may  be  imposed  by  law.     The 


COxNSTlTL'TlON   OF   VIRGINIA.  55 

General  Assembly  shall  provide  adequate  penalties  for  the  violation  of 
this  section,  or  of  any  laws  passed  in  pursuance  thereof;  and  it  shall  be 
the  duty  of  the  commission  to  adjudge,  and  enforce  (in  the  manner 
hereinbefore  provided),  against  any  corporation  refusing  or  failing  to 
comply  with  the  provisions  of  this  section,  or  of  any  laws  passed  in 
pursuance  thereof,  such  fines  and  penalties  as  are  authorized  by  this 
Constitution,  or  may  be  prescribed  by  law. 

AKTICLE  XIII. 

TAXATION  AND  FINANCE. 

Sec.  168.  All  property,  except  as  hereinafter  provided,  shall  be  taxed; 
all  taxes,  whether  state,  local,  or  municipal,  shall  be  uniform  upon  the 
same  class  of  subjects  within  the  territorial  limits  of  the  authority  levy- 
ing the  tax,  and  shall  be  levied  and  collected  under  general  laws. 

Sec.  169.  Except  as  hereinafter  provided,  all  assessments  of  real  estate 
and  tangible  personal  property  shall  be  at  their  fair  market  value,  to  be 
ascertained  as  prescribed  by  law.  The  General  Assembly  may  allow  a 
lower  rate  of  taxation  to  be  imposed  for  a  period  of  years  by  a  city  or 
town  upon  land  added  to  its  corporate  limits,  than  is  imposed  on  similar 
property  within  its  limits  at  the  time  such  land  is  added.  Nothing  in 
this  Constitution  shall  prevent  the  General  Assembly,  after  the  first  day 
of  January,  nineteen  hundred  and  thirteen,  from  segregating  for  the 
purposes  of  taxation,  the  several  kinds  or  classes  of  property,  so  as  to 
specify  and  determine  upon  what  subjects,  state  taxes,  and  upon  what 
subjects,  local  taxes  may  be  levied. 

Sec.  170.  The  General  Assembly  may  levy  a  tax  on  incomes  in  excess 
of  six  hundred  dollars  per  annum ;  may  levy  a  license  tax  upon  any  busi- 
ness which  cannot  be  reached  by  the  ad  valorem  system ;  and  may  impose 
state  franchise  taxes,  and  in  imposing  a  franchise  tax,  may,  in  its  dis- 
cretion, make  the  same  in  lieu  of  taxes  upon  other  property,  in  whole  or 
in  part,  of  a  transportation,  industrial,  or  commercial  corporation. 
Whenever  a  franchise  tax  shall  be  imposed  upon  a  corporation  doing 
business  in  this  State,  or  whenever  all  the  capital,  however  invested,  of 
a  corporation  chartered  under  the  laws  of  this  State,  shall  be  taxed,  the 
shares  of  stock  issued  by  any  such  corporation,  shall  not  be  further  taxed. 
No  city  or  town  shall  impose  any  tax  or  assessment  upon  abutting  land 
owners  for  street  or  other  public  local  improvements,  except  for  making 
and  improving  the  walkways  upon  then  existing  streets,  and  improving 


56  CONSTITUTION  OF  VIRGINIA. 

and  i)aviiig  then  existing  alleys,  and  for  either  the  construction,  or  for 
the  use  of  sewers;  and  the  same  when  imposed,  shall  not  he  in  excess  of 
the  peculiar  benefits  resulting  therefrom  to  such  abutting  land  owners. 
Except  in  cities  and  towns,  no  such  taxes  or  assessments,  for  local  public 
improvements  shall  be  imposed  on  abutting  land  owners. 

Sec.  171.  The  General  Assembly  shall  provide  for  a  re-assessment  of 
real  estate,  in  the  year  nineteen  hundred  and  five,  and  every  fifth  year 
thereafter,  except  that  of  railway  and  canal  corporations,  which,  after 
January  the  first,  nineteen  hundred  and  thirteen,  may  be  assessed  as 
the  General  Assembly  may  provide. 

Sec.  172.  The  General  Assembly  shall  provide  for  the  special  and  sep- 
arate assessment  of  all  coal  and  other  mineral  land ;  but  until  such  special 
assessment  is  made,  such  land  shall  be  assessed  under  existing  laws. 

Sec.  173.  The  General  Assembly  shall  levy  a  state  capitation  tax  of, 
and  not  exceeding,  one  dollar  and  fifty  cents  per  annum  on  every  male 
resident  of  the  State  not  less  than  twenty-one  years  of  age,  except  those 
pensioned  by  this  State  for  military  services;  one  dollar  of  which  shall 
be  applied  exclusively  in  aid  of  the  public  free  schools,  in  proportion  to 
the  school  population,  and  the  residue  shall  be  returned  and  paid  by  the 
State  into  the  treasury  of  the  county  or  city  in  which  it  was  collected, 
to  be  appropriated  by  the  proper  county  or  city  authorities  to  such  county 
or  city  purposes  as  they  shall  respectively  determine;  but  said  state 
capitation  tax  shall  not  be  a  lien  upon,  nor  collected  by  legal  process  from, 
the  personal  property  which  may  be  exempt  from  levy  or  distress  under 
the  poor  debtor's  law.  The  General  Assembly  may  authorize  the  hoard  of 
supervisors  of  any  county,  or  the  council  of  any  city  or  town,  to  levy  an 
additional  capitation  tax  not  exceeding  one  dollar  per  annum  on  every 
such  resident  within  its  limits,  which  shall  be  applied  in  aid  of  the  pub- 
lic schools  of  such  county,  city  or  town,  or  for  such  other  count}-,  city  or 
town  purposes  as  they  shall  determine. 

See.  174.  After  this  Constitution  shall  be  in  force,  no  statute  of  limi- 
tation shall  run  against  any  claim  of  the  State  for  taxes  upon  any  prop- 
erty; nor  shall  the  failure  to  assess  property  for  taxation  defeat  a  sub- 
sequent assessment  for  and  collection  of  taxes  for  any  preceding  year 
or  years,  unless  such  property  shall  have  passed  to  a  bona  fide  pur- 
chaser for  value,  without  notice ;  in  which  latter  case  the  property  shall 
be  assessed  for  taxation  against  such  purchaser  from  the  date  of  his 
purchase. 

Sec.  175.  The  natural  oyster  beds,  rocks,  and  shoals,  in  the  waters  of 
this  State,  shall  not  be  leased,  rented  or  sold,  but  shall  be  held  in  trust 


CONSTITUTION   OF   VIRGINIA.  57 

for  the  benefit  of  the  people  of  this  State,  subject  to  such  regulations  and 
restrictions  as  the  General  Assembly  may  prescribe,  but  the  General 
Assembly  may,  from  time  to  time,  define  and  determine  such  natural 
beds,  rocks  or  shoals,  by  surveys  or  otherwise. 

Sec.  ITG.  The  State  Corporation  Commission  shall  annually  ascertain 
and  assess,  at  the  time  hereinafter  mentioned,  and  in  the  manner  required 
of  the  Board  of  Public  Works,  by  the  law  in  force  on  January  the  first, 
nineteen  hundred  and  two,  the  value  of  the  roadbed,  and  other  real  estate, 
rolling  stock,  and  all  other  personal  property  whatsoever  (except  its 
franchise  and  the  non-taxable  shares  of  stock  issued  by  other  corpora- 
tions) in  this  State,  of  each  railway  corporation,  whatever  its  motive 
power,  now  or  hereafter  liable  for  taxation  upon  such  property;  the 
canal  bed  and  other  real  estate,  the  boats  and  all  other  personal  prop- 
erty whatsoever  (except  its  franchise  and  the  non-taxable  shares  of 
stock  issued  by  other  corporations)  in  this  State,  of  each  canal  corpora- 
tion, empowered  to  conduct  transportation;  and  such  property  shall  be 
taxed  for  state,  county,  city,  town,  and  district  purposes  in  the  same 
manner  as  authorized  by  said  law,  at  such  rates  of  taxation  as  may  be 
imposed  by  them,  respectively,  from  time  to  time,  upon  the  real  estate 
and  personal  property  of  natural  persons:  provided,  that  no  tax  shall 
be  laid  upon  the  net  income  of  such  corporations. 

Sec.  177.  Each  such  railway  or  canal  corporation,  including  also  any 
such  as  is  exempt  from  taxation  as  to  its  works,  visible  property,  or 
profits,  shall  also  pay  an  annual  state  franchise  tax  equal  to  one  per 
centum  upon  the  gross  receipts  hereinafter  specified  in  section  One  Hun- 
dred and  Seventy-eight,  for  the  privilege  of  exercising  its  franchises  in 
this  State,  which,  with  the  taxes  provided  for  in  section  One  Hundred 
and  Seventy-six,  shall  l)e  in  lieu  of  all  other  taxes  or  license  charges 
whatsoever  upon  tlie  franchises  of  such  corporation,  the  shares  of  stock 
issued  by  it,  and  upon  its  property  assessed  under  section  One  Hundred 
and  Seventy-six:  provided,  that  nothing  herein  contained  shall  exempt 
such  corporation  from  the  annual  fee  required  by  section  One  Hundred 
and  Fifty-seven  of  this  Constitution,  or  from  assessments  for  street  and 
other  public  local  improvements  authorized  by  section  One  Hundred 
and  Seventy;  and  provided,  further,  that  nothing  herein  contained  shall 
annul  or  interfere  with,  or  prevent  any  contract  or  agreement  by  ordi- 
nance between  street  railway  corporations  and  municipalities,  as  to  com- 
pensation for  the  use  of  the  streets  or  alleys  of  such  municipalities  by 
such  railway  corporations. 

Sec.  178.  The  amount  of  such  franchise  tax  shall  be  equal  to  one  per 
centum  of  the  gross  transportation  receipts  of  such  corporations  for  the 


.58  CONSTITUTION  OF  VIRGINIA. 

year  ending  June  the  thirtieth  of  each  year,  to  be  ascertained  by  the 
State  Corporation  Commission,  in  the  following  manner : 

(a)  When  the  road  or  canal  of  the  corporation  lies  wholly  within  this 
State,  the  tax  shall  be  equal  to  one  per  centum  of  the  entire  gross  trans- 
portation receipts  of  such  corporation. 

(b)  When  the  road  or  canal  of  the  corporation  lies  partly  within  and 
partly  without  this  Slate,  or  is  operated  as  a  part  of  a  line  or  system 
extending  beyond  this  State,  the  tax  shall  be  equal  to  one  per  centum  of 
the  gross  transportation  receipts  earned  within  this  State,  to  be  de- 
termined as  follows :  By  ascertaining  the  average  gross  transportation 
receipts  per  mile  over  its  whole  extent  within  and  without  this  State, 
and  multiplying  the  result  by  the  number  of  miles  operated  within  this 
State :  provided,  that  from  the  sum  so  ascertained  there  may  be  a  reason- 
able deduction  because  of  any  excess  of  value  of  the  terminal  facilities  or 
other  similar  advantages  in  other  states  over  similar  facilities  or  advan- 
tages in  this  State. 

Sec.  179.  Each  corporation  mentioned  in  sections  One  Hundred  and 
Seventy-six  and  One  Hundred  and  Seventy-seven  shall  annually,  on 
the  first  day  of  September,  make  to  the  State  Corporation  Commission 
the  report  which  the  law,  in  force  January  the  first,  nineteen  hundred 
and  two,  required  to  be  made  annually  to  the  Board  of  Public  Works  by 
every  railroad  and  canal  company  in  this  State,  not  exempt  from  taxation 
by  virtue  of  its  charter,  which  report  shall  also  show  the  property  taxable 
in  this  State  belonging  to  the  corporation  on  the  thirtieth  day  of  June 
preceding,  and  its  total  gross  transportation  receipts  for  the  year  ending 
on  that  date.  Upon  receiving  such  report  the  State  Corporation  Com- 
mission shall,  after  thirty  days'  notice  previously  given,  as  provided  by 
said  law,  assess  the  value  of  the  property  not  exempt  from  taxation,  of 
the  corporation,  and  ascertain  the  amount  of  the  franchise  tax  and  other 
state  taxes  chargeable  against  it.  All  taxes  for  which  the  corporation  is 
liable  shall  be  paid  on  or  before  the  first  day  of  December  following.  The 
provisions  of  said  law,  except  as  changed  by  this  article,  shall  apply  to  the 
ascertainment  and  collection  of  the  franchise,  as  well  as  other  taxes  of 
such  corporations.  Said  taxes,  until  paid,  shall  be  a  lien  upon  the  prop- 
erty within  this  State  of  the  corporation  owning  the  same,  and  take  pre- 
cedence of  all  other  liens  or  incumbrances. 

Sec.  180.  Any  corporation  aggrieved  by  the  assessment  and  ascertain- 
ment made  under  sections  One  Hundred  and  Seventy-six  and  One  Hun- 
dred and  Seventy-eight  may,  within  thirty  days  after  receiving  a  certified 
copy  thereof,  apply  for  relief  to  the  circuit  court  of  the  city  of  Rich- 
mond.    Kotice  of  the  application,  setting  forth  the  grounds  of  com- 


CONSTITLTIOM    OF   VIKGIKIA.  59 

plaint,  verified  by  affidavit,  shall  be  served  on  the  State  Corporation 
Commission,  and  on  the  Attorney-General  whose  duty  it  shall  be  to 
represent  the  State.  The  court,  if  of  opinion  that  the  assessment  or  tax 
is  excessive,  shall  reduce  the  same;  but,  if  of  opinion,  that  it  is  insuffi- 
cient, shall  increase  the  same.  Unless  the  applicant  paid  the  taxes  under 
protest,  when  due,  the  court,  if  it  disallow  the  application,  shall  give 
judgment  against  it  for  a  sum,  by  way  of  damages,  equal  to  interest  at 
the  rate  of  one  per  centum  per  month  upon  the  amount  of  taxes  from 
the  time  the  same  were  payable.  If  the  application  be  allowed,  in 
whole  or  in  part,  appropriate  relief  shall  be  granted,  including  the  right 
to  recover  any  excess  of  taxes  that  may  have  been  paid,  with  legal  inter- 
est thereon,  and  costs,  from  the  State  or  local  authorities,  or  both,  as 
the  case  may  be;  the  judgment  to  be  enforceable  by  mandamus  or  other 
proper  process  issuing  from  the  court  finally  adjudicating  the  applica- 
tion. Subject  to  the  provisions  of  Article  Six  of  this  Constitution,  the 
Supreme  Court  of  Appeals  may  allow  a  writ  of  error  to  either  party. 

Sec.  181.  After  January  the  first,  nineteen  hundred  and  three,  the  sys- 
tem of  taxation,  as  to  the  corporations  mentioned  in  sections  One  Hun- 
dred and  Seventy-six  and  One  Hundred  and  Seventy-seven,  shall  be  as 
set  forth  in  sections  One  Hundred  and  Seventy-six  to  One  Hundred  and 
Eighty,  inclusive ;  and  for  that  year  the  franchise  tax  shall  be  based  upon 
such  gross  receipts  for  the  year  ending  the  thirtieth  day  of  June,  nine- 
teen hundred  and  three,  and  such  system  shall  so  remain  until  the  first 
day  of  January,  nineteen  hundred  and  thirteen,  and  thereafter  until 
modified  or  changed,  as  may  be  prescribed  by  law :  provided,  that,  if  the 
said  system  shall  for  any  reason  become  inoperative,  the  General  Assem- 
bly shall  have  power  to  adopt  some  other  system. 

Sec.  182.  Until  otherwise  prescribed  by  law,  the  shares  of  stock  issued 
by  trust  or  security  companies  chartered  by  this  State,  and  by  incor- 
porated banks,  shall  be  taxed  in  the  same  manner  in  which  the  shares  of 
stock  issued  by  incorporated  banks  were  taxed,  by  the  law  in  force  Jan- 
uary the  first,  nineteen  hundred  and  two;  but  from  the  total  assessed 
value  of  the  shares  of  stock  of  any  such  company  or  bank,  there  shall  be 
deducted  the  assessed  value  of  its  real  estate  otherwise  taxed  in  this 
State,  and  the  value  of  each  share  of  stock  shall  be  its  proportion  of  the 
remainder. 

Sec.  183.  Except  as  otherwise  provided  in  this  Constitution,  the  fol- 
lowing property  and  no  other,  shall  be  exempt  from  taxation,  state  and 
local;  but  the  General  Assembly  may  hereafter  tax  any  of  the  property 
hereby  exempted  save  that  mentioned  in  sub-section  (a)  : 

(a)  Property  directly  or  indirectly  owned  by  the  State,  however  held. 


60  COXSTITUTIOX  OF  VIKGIXIA. 

aud  property  Ia^\-fully  owned  and  held  by  coiinries,  cities,  rowus,  or  school 
districts,  used  wholly  and  exclusively  for  county,  city.  town,  or  public 
school  purposes,,  and  obligations  issued  by  the  State  sinc-e  the  fourteenth 
dav  of  February,  eighteen  hundred  and  eighty-two  or  hereafter  ex- 
empted by  law. 

(b)  Buildings  with  land  they  actually  occupy,  and  the  furnituiv  and 
furnishings  therein  lawfully  owned  and  held  by  churches  or  religious 
bodies,  and  wholly  and  exclusively  used  for  religious  worship,  or  for  tlve 
residence  of  the  minister  of  any  such  church  or  religious  body,  together 
with  the  additional  adjacent  land  reasonabh*  necessary  for  the  con- 
venient use  of  any  such  building. 

(c)  Private  family  burying-grounds  not  exceeding  one  acre  in  area, 
reserved  as  such  by  will  or  deed,  or  shown  by  other  sufficient  evidence  to 
be  reserved  as  such,  and  so  exclusively  used,  and  public  burying-grounds 
and  lots  therein  exclusively  used  for  burial  purposes,  and  not  conducted 
for  profit,  whether  owned  or  managed  by  local  authorities  or  by  private 
corporations. 

(d)  Buildings  with  the  land  they  actually  occupy  and  the  furniture, 
furnishings,  books  and  instruments  therein,  wholly  devoted  to  educational 
purposes,  belonging  to.  and  actually  aud  exclusively  occupied  and  used 
by  churches,  public  libraries,  incorporated  colleges,  academies,  industrial 
schools,  seminaries,  or  other  incorporated  institutions  of  learning,  in- 
cluding the  Virginia  Historical  Societv,  which  are  not  corporations 
having  shares  of  stock  or  otlierwise  owned  by  individuals  or  other  cor- 
porations; together  with  such  additional  adjacent  land  owned  by  such 
churches,  libraries  and  educational  institutions  as  may  be  reasonably 
necessary  for  the  convenient  use  of  such  buildings,  respectively ;  and  also 
tlie  buildings  thereon  used  as  residences  by  the  officers  or  instructors  of 
such  educational  institutions;  and  also  the  permanent  endowment  funds 
held  by  such  libraries  and  educational  institutions  directly  or  in  trust, 
aud  not  invested  in  real  estate :  provided,  that  such  libraries  and  educa- 
tional institutions  are  not  conducted  for  profit  of  any  person  or  persons, 
natural  or  corporate,  directly,  or  under  any  guise  or  pretence  whatsoever. 
But  the  exemption  mentioned  in  this  sub-section  shall  not  apply  to  any 
industrial  school,  individual  or  corporate,  not  the  property'  of  tlie  State, 
which  does  work  for  compensation,  or  manufactures  and  sells  articles,  in 
the  community  in  which  such  school  is  located;  provided,  that  nothing 
herein  contained  shall  restrict  any  such  school  from  doing  work  for  or 
selling  its  own  products  or  any  other  articles  to  any  of  its  students  or 
employees. 

(e)  Real  estate  belonging  to.  actually  and  exclusively  occupied,  and 


CONSTITUTION   OF  VIRGINIA.  Gl 

used  by,  and  personal  property,  including  endowment  funds,  belonging 
to  Young  Men's  Christian  Associations,  and  other  similar  religious 
associations,  orphan  or  other  asylums,  reformatories,  hospitals  and  nun- 
neries, which  are  not  conducted  for  profit,  but  purely  and  completely  as 
charities. 

(f)  Buildings  with  the  land  they  actually  occupy,  and  the  furniture 
and  furnishings  therein,  belonging  to  any  benevolent  or  charitable  asso- 
ciation and  used  exclusively  for  lodge  purposes  or  meeting  rooms  by 
such  association,  together  with  such  additional  adjacent  land  as  may  be 
necessary  for  the  convenient  use  of  the  buildings  for  such  purposes;  and 

(g)  Property  belonging  to  the  Association  for  the  Preservation  of  Vir- 
ginia Antiquities,  the  Confederate  Memorial  Literary  Society,  and  the 
Mount  Vernon  Ladies'  Association  of  the  Union. 

No  inheritance  tax  shall  be  charged,  directly  or  indirectly,  against  any 
legacy  or  devise  made  according  to  law  for  the  benefit  of  any  institution 
or  other  body  or  any  natural  or  corporate  person  whose  ])roperty  is  ex- 
empt from  taxation  as  hereinbefore  mentioned  in  this  section. 

Nothing  contained  in  this  section  shall  be  construed  to  exempt  from 
taxation  the  property  of  any  person,  firm,  association  or  corporation, 
who  shall,  expressly  or  impliedly,  directly  or  indirectly,  contract  or 
promise  to  pay  any  sum  of  money  or  other  benefit,  on  account  of  death, 
sickness,  or  accident  to  any  of  its  members  or  any  other  person;  and 
whenever  any  building  or  land,  or  part  thereof,  mentioned  in  this  section 
and  not  belonging  to  the  State,  shall  be  leased  or  shall  be  a  source  of 
revenue  or  profit,  all  of  such  buildings  and  land  shall  be  liable  to  taxation 
as  other  land  and  buildings  in  the  same  county,  city,  or  town;  and 
nothing  herein  contained  shall  ])e  construed  as  authorizing  or  requiring 
any  county,  city,  or  town  to  tax  for  county,  city  or  town  purposes,  in 
violation  of  the  rights  of  the  lessees  thereof  existing  under  any  lawful 
contract  heretofore  made,  any  real  estate  owned  by  sueli  county,  city 
or  town,  and  heretofore  leased  by  it. 

Obligations  issued  by  counties,  cities,  or  towns  may  be  exempted  by 
the  authorities  of  such  localities  from  local  taxation. 

Sec.  18-i.  No  debt  shall  be  contracted  by  the  State  except  to  meet  casual 
deficits  in  the  revenue,  to  redeem  a  previous  liability  of  the  State,  to 
suppress  insurrection,  repel  invasion,  or  defend  the  State  in  time  of  war. 
No  scrip,  certificate,  or  other  evidence  of  state  indebtedness,  shall  be 
issued  except  for  the  transfer  or  redemption  of  stock  previously  issued, 
or  for  such  debts  as  are  expressly  authorized  in  this  Constitution. 

Sec.  185.  Neither  the  credit  of  the  State,  nor  of  any  county,  city,  or 
town,  shall  be,  directly  or  indirectly,  under  any  device  or  pretence  what- 


62  CONSTITUTION   OF  VIRGINIA. 

soever,  granted  to  or  iii  aid  of  any  person,  association,  or  corporation;, 
nor  shall  the  State,  or  any  county,  city,  or  town  subscribe  to  or  become 
interested  in  the  stock  or  obligations  of  any  company,  association,  or 
corporation,  for  the  purpose  of  aiding  in  the  construction  or  mainte- 
nance of  its  work ;  nor  shall  the  State  become  a  party  to  or  become  inter- 
ested in  any  work  of  internal  improvement,  except  public  roads,  or  en- 
gaged in  carrying  on  any  such  work;  nor  assume  any  indebtedness  of 
any  county,  city,  or  town,  nor  lend  its  credit  to  the  same;  but  this  sec- 
tion shall  not  prevent  a  county,  city  or  town  from  perfecting  a  subscrip- 
tion to  the  capital  stock  of  a  railroad  company  authorized  by  existing 
charter  conditioned  upon  the  affirmative  vote  of  the  voters  and  free- 
holders of  such  county,  city  or  town  in  favor  of  such  subscription :  pro- 
vided, that  such  vote  be  had  prior  to  July  first,  nineteen  himdred  and 
three. 

Sec.  186.  All  taxes,  licenses,  and  other  revenue  of  the  State,  shall  be 
collected  by  its  proper  officers  and  paid  into  the  state  treasury.  'No 
money  shall  be  paid  out  of  the  state  treasury  except  in  pursuance  of  ap- 
propriations made  by  law;  and  no  such  appropriation  shall  be  made 
which  is  payable  more  than  two  years  after  the  end  of  the  session  of  the 
General  Assembly,  at  which  the  law  is  enacted  authorizing  the  same;  and 
no  appropriation  shall  be  made  for  the  payment  of  any  debt  or  obliga- 
tion created  in  the  name  of  the  State  during  the  war  between  the  Con- 
federate States  and  the  United  States.  Xor  shall  any  county,  cit}',  or 
town  pay  any  debt  or  obligation  created  by  such  county,  city,  or  town  in 
aid  of  said  war. 

Sec.  187.  The  General  Assembly  shall  provide  and  maintain  a  sink- 
ing fund  in  accordance  with  the  provisions  of  section  Ten  of  the  act, 
approved  February  the  twentieth,  eighteen  hundred  and  ninety-two, 
entitled  "an  act  to  provide  for  the  settlement  of  the  public  debt  of  Vir- 
ginia not  funded  under  the  provisions  of  an  act  entitled  an  act  to  ascer- 
tain and  declare  Virginia's  equitable  share  of  the  debt  created  before, 
and  actually  existing  at  the  time  of  the  partition  of  her  territory  and 
resources,  and  to  provide  for  the  issuance  of  bonds  covering  the  same, 
and  the  regular  and  prompt  payment  of  the  interest  thereon,  approved 
February  the  fourteenth,  eighteen  hundred  and  eighty-two."  Every 
law  hereafter  enacted  by  the  General  Assembly,  creating  a  debt  or 
authorizing  a  loan,  shall  provide  for  the  creation  and  maintenance  of 
a  sinking  fund  for  the  payment  or  redemption  of  the  same. 

Sec.  188.  No  other  or  greater  amount  of  tax  or  revenue  shall,  at  any 
time,  be  levied  than  may  be  required  for  the  necessary  expenses  of  the 
govrnuniMit.  or  to  pay  the  indebtedness  of  the  State. 


CONSTITUTIOK   OF  VIIiGIXIA.  63 

'  Sec.  189.  On  all  lands  and  the  improvements  thereon,  and  on  all 
tangible  personal  property,  not  exempt  from  taxation  by  the  provisions 
of  this  article,  the  rate  of  state  taxation  shall  be  twenty  cents  on  every 
hundred  dollars  of  the  assessed  value  thereof,  the  ])roceeds  of  which  shall 
be  applied  to  the  expenses  of  the  government  and  the  indebtedness  of  the 
State,  and  a  further  tax  of  ten  cents  on  every  hundred  dollars  of  the  as- 
sessed value  thereof,  which  shall  be  applied  to  the  support  of  the  public 
free  schools  of  the  State :  provided,  that  after  the  first  day  of  January, 
nineteen  hundred  and  seven,  the  tax  rate  upon  said  real  and  personal 
property,  for  such  purposes  shall  be  prescribed  by  law.  But  the  General 
Assembly  during  such  period  of  four  years,  in  addition  to  making  an- 
nually an  appropriation  for  pensions  not  to  exceed  the  last  appropriation 
made  for  such  purpose  prior  to  September  the  thirtieth,  nineteen  hun- 
dred and  one,  may  levy  annually,  a  special  tax  for  pensions,  on  such  real 
and  personal  property  of  not  exceeding  five  cents  on  the  hundred  dollars 
of  the  assessed  value  thereof. 

ARTICLE    XIV. 
MISCELLANEOUS    TEOVISIONS. 

HOMESTEAD   AND   OTHER   EXEMPTIONS. 

Sec.  190.  Every  householder  or  head  of  a  family  shall  be  entitled,  in 
addition  to  the  articles  now  exempt  from  levy  or  distress  for  rent,  to  hold 
exempt  from  levy,  seizure,  garnishment,  or  sale  under  any  execution, 
order,  or  other  process  issued  on  any  demand  for  a  debt  hereafter  con- 
tracted, his  real  and  personal  propert}^,  or  either,  including  money  and 
debts  due  him,  to  the  value  of  not  exceeding  two  thousand  dollars,  to  be 
selected  by  him  :  provided,  that  such  exemption  shall  not  extend  to  any 
execution,  order,  or  other  process  issued  on  any  demand  in  the  following 
cases : 

First.  For  the  purchase  price  of  said  property,  or  any  part  thereof.  If 
the  property  purchased,  and  not  paid  for,  be  exchanged  for,  or  converted 
into,  other  property  by  the  debtor,  such  last-named  property  shall  not  be 
exempted  from  the  payment  of  such  unpaid  purchase  money  under  the 
provisions  of  this  article ; 

Second.   For  services  rendered  by  a  laboring  person  or  mechanic; 

Third.  For  liabilities  incurred  by  any  public  officer,  or  officer  of  a 
court,  or  any  fiduciary,  or  any  attorney-at-law  for  money  collected ; 


(J4  CONSTITUTION    OF   VIRGINIA. 

Fourth.  For  a  lawful  claim  for  any  taxes,  levies,  or  assessments  accru- 
ing after  the  first  day  of  June,  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty-six; 

Fifth.  For  rent; 

Sixth.  For  the  legal  or  taxable  fees  of  any  public  otRcer  or  oflficer  of  a 
court. 

Sec.  191.  The  said  exemption  shall  not  be  claimed  or  held  in  a  shifting 
stock  of  merchandise,  or  in  any  propert}',  the  conveyance  of  which  by 
the  homestead  claimant  has  been  set  aside  on  the  ground  of  fraud  or 
want  of  consideration. 

Sec.  192.  The  General  Assembly  shall  prescribe  the  manner  and  the 
conditions  on  which  a  householder  or  head  of  a  family  shall  set  apart  and 
hold  for  himself  and  family  a  homestead  in  any  of  the  property  herein- 
before mentioned.  But  this  section  shall  not  be  construed  as  authorizing 
the  General  Assembly  to  defeat  or  impair  the  benefits  intended  to  be  con- 
ferred by  the  provisions  of  this  article. 

See.  193.  Xothing  contained  in  this  article  shall  invalidate  any 
homestead  exemption  heretofore  claimed  under  the  provisions  of  the 
former  Constitution ;  or  impair  in  any  manner  the  right  of  any  house- 
holder or  head  of  a  family  existing  at  the  time  that  this  Constitution 
goes  into  effect,  to  select  the  exemption,  or  any  part  thereof,  to  which 
he  was  entitled  under  the  former  Constitution;  provided  that  such  right, 
if  hereafter  exercised,  be  not  in  conflict  with  the  exemptions  set  forth  in 
sections  One  Hundred  and  Ninety  and  One  Hundred  and  Ninety-one. 
But  no  person  who  has  selected  and  received  the  full  exemption  allowed 
by  the  former  Constitution  shall  be  entitled  to  select  an  additional  ex- 
emption under  this  Constitution;  and  no  person  who  has  selected  and 
received  part  of  the  exemption  allowed  by  the  former  Constitution  shall 
be  entitled  to  select  an  additional  exemption  beyond  the  difference 
between  the  value  of  such  part  and  a  total  valuation  of  two  thousand 
dollars.  So  far  as  necessary  to  accomplish  the  purposes  of  this  section  the 
provisions  of  chapter  One  Hundred  and  Seventy-eight  of  the  Code  of 
Virginia,  and  the  acts  amendatory  thereof,  shall  remain  in  force  until 
repealed  by  the  General  Assembly.  The  provisions  of  this  article  shall 
be  liberally  construed. 

Sec.  194.  The  General  Assembly  is  hereby  prohibited  from  passing 
any  law  staying  the  collection  of  debts,  commonly  kno^vn  as  "stay  laws"; 
but  this  section  shall  not  be  construed  as  prohibiting  any  legislation 
which  the  General  Assembly  may  deem  necessary  to  fully  carry  out  the 
provisions  of  this  article. 


CONSTITUTION  OF  VIRGINIA.  65 


HEIRS   OF   rROI'KHTY. 


Sec.  195.  The  children  of  parents,  one  or  both  of  whom  were  slaves  at 
and  during  the  period  of  cohabitation,  and  who  were  recognized  by  the 
father  as  his  children,  and  whose  mother  was  recognized  by  such  father 
as  his  wife,  and  was  cohabited  with  as  such,  shall  be  as  capable  of 
inheriting  any  estate  whereof  such  father  may  have  died  seised,  or 
possessed,  or  to  which  he  was  entitled,  as  though  they  had  been  l^orn 
in  lawful  wedlock. 

ARTICLE  XV. 

FUTURE  CHANGES  IN  THE  CONSTITUTION. 

Sec.  196.  Any  amendment  or  amendments  to  the  Constitution  may  be 
proposed  in  the  Senate  or  House  of  Delegates,  and  if  the  same  shall  be 
agreed  to  by  a  majority  of  the  members  elected  to  each  of  the  two  houses, 
such  proposed  amendment  or  amendments  shall  be  entered  on  their 
journals,  with  the  ayes  and  noes  taken  thereon,  and  referred  to  the 
General  Assembly  at  its  first  regular  session  held  after  the  next  general 
election  of  members  of  the  House  of  J3elegates,  and  shall  be  published 
for  three  months  previous  to  the  time  of  such  election.  If,  at  such  regu- 
lar session  the  proposed  amendment  or  amendments  shall  be  agreed  to  by 
a  majority  of  all  the  members  elected  to  each  house,  then  it  shall  be  the 
duty  of  the  General  Assembly  to  sulunit  such  proposed  amendment  or 
amendments  to  the  people,  in  such  manner  and  at  such  times  as  it  shall 
prescribe;  and  if  the  people  shall  approve  and  ratify  such  amendment 
or  amendments  by  a  majority  of  the  electors,  qualified  to  vote  for  mem- 
bers of  the  General  Assembly,  voting  thereon,  such  amendment  or  amend- 
ments shall  become  part  of  the  Constitution. 

Sec.  197.  At  such  time  as  the  General  Assembly  may  provide,  a  ma- 
jority of  the  members -elected  to  each  house  being  recorded  in  the  affirma- 
tive, the  question,  "shall  there  be  a  convention  to  revise  the  Constitution 
and  amend  the  same?"  shall  be  submitted  to  the  electors  qualified  to 
vote  for  members  of  the  General  Assembly;  and  in  case  a  majority  of 
the  electors  so  qualified,  voting  thereon,  shall  vote  in  favor  of  a  conven- 
tion for  such  purpose,  the  General  Assembly,  at  its  next  session,  shall 
provide  for  the  election  of  delegates  to  such  convention ;  and  no  con- 
vention for  such  purpose  shall  be  otherwise  called. 


SC  Fi  E:  ID  LJ  L.  E:. 


That  no  inconvenience  may  arise  from  the  adoption  of  this  Constitu- 
tion, and  in  order  to  provide  for  carrying  it  into  complete  operation,  it 
is  hereby  ordained  that: 

Section  1.  The  common  law  and  the  statute  laws  in  force  at  the  time 
this  Constitution  goes  into  effect,  so  far  as  not  repugnant  thereto  or 
repealed  thereby,  shall  remain  in  force  until  they  expire  by  their  own 
limitation,  or  are  altered  or  repealed  b}'  the  General  Assembly. 

Sec.  2.  All  ordinances  adopted  by  this  Convention,  and  appended  to 
the  official  original  draft  of  the  Constitution  delivered  to  the  Secretary 
of  the  Commonwealth,  shall  have  the  same  force  and  effect,  as  if  they 
were  parts  of  this  Constitution. 

Sec.  3.  Except  as  modified  by  this  Constitution,  all  writs,  actions  and 
causes  of  action,  prosecutions,  rights  of  individuals,  of  bodies  corporate 
or  politic,  and  of  the  State,  shall  continue.  All  legal  proceedings,  civil 
and  criminal,  pending  at  the  time  this  Constitution  goes  into  effect,  or 
instituted  prior  to  the  first  day  of  February,  nineteen  hundred  and  four, 
in  any  county  or  circuit  court  as  now  existing,  shall  be  prosecuted 
therein :  provided,  that  all  such  matters,  which  are  not  finally  terminated 
before  the  day  last  above  mentioned,  shall,  on  that  date,  by  operation 
of  this  Constitution  and  Schedule,  be  transferred  to  the  circuit  court  of 
the  county  or  city  created  under  this  Constitution,  and  shall  be  proceeded 
with  therein.  All  such  matters  pending  in  the  city  courts,  preserved 
by  this  Constitution,  when  the  same  goes  into  effect,  or  thereafter  insti- 
tuted therein,  shall  continue  in  said  courts,  and  be  therein  proceeded 
with,  until  otherwise  provided  by  law.  All  matters  before  Justices  of 
the  peace  or  police  justices  at  the  time  this  Constitution  goes  into  effect, 
shall  be  proceeded  with  before  them,  until  otherwise  provided  by  law. 
All  legal  proceedings  prosecuted  after  this  Constitution  goes  into  effect, 
whether  in  any  of  the  courts  now  existing,  or  in  those  created  by  this 
Constitution,  shall  be  proceeded  with  in  the  manner  now  or  hereafter 
provided  by  law,  except  as  otherwise  required  by  this  Constitution. 

Sec.  4.  All  taxes,  fines,  penalties,  forfeitures  and  escheats,  accrued 
or   accruing   to    the    Commonwealth,    or    to    any    political    subdivision 


SCHEDULE.  67 

thereof,  under  the  present  Constitution,  or  under  the  hiws  now  in  force, 
shall,  under  this  Constitution,  enure  to  the  use  of  the  Commonwealth, 
or  of  such  subdivision  thereof. 

Sec.  5.  All  recognizances,  and  other  obligations,  and  all  other  instru- 
ments entered  into  or  executed  before  the  adoption  of  this  Constitution, 
or  before  the  complete  organization  of  the  departments  thereunder,  to 
the  Commonwealth,  or  to  any  county,  or  political  subdivision  thereof, 
city,  town,  board,  or  other  public  corporation,  or  institution  therein,  or 
to  any  public  officer,  shall  remain  binding  and  valid,  and  rights  and 
liabilities  thereunder  shall  continue  and  may  be  enforced  or  prosecuted 
in  the  courts  of  this  State  as  now  or  hereafter  provided  by  law. 

Sec.  6.  From  the  day  this  Constitution  goes  into  effect,  the  j^resent 
judges  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Appeals,  or  their  successors  then  in 
office,  shall  be  the  judges  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Appeals  created  by 
this  Constitution,  and  continue  in  office,  imless  sooner  removed,  until 
February  the  first,  nineteen  hundred  and  seven.  The  jurisdiction  of  the 
court  shall  Ije  as  now  or  hereafter  provided  by  law,  subject  to  the  pro- 
visions of  this  Constitution.  All  proceedings,  then  pending  in  the  court 
as  now  organized,  shall,  by  virtue  of  this  Constitution,  be  transferred 
to  and  disposed  of  by  the  court  created  1)y  this  Constitution. 

Sec.  7.  The  present  judicial  system  of  county  and  circuit  courts  of 
the  Commonwealth  is  continued,  and  the  terms  of  the  several  judges 
thereof,  with  the  powers  and  duties  now  possessed  by  them  respectively, 
are  continued,  imtil  the  first  day  of  February,  nineteen  hundred  and 
four,  as  if  this  Constitution  had  not  been  adopted;  on  which  day  the 
judicial  system  of  circuit  courts  created  by  this  Constitution  shall  go 
into  operation.  The  terms  of  the  judges  of  the  city  courts,  as  preserved 
by  this  Constitution,  of  the  cities  of  Alexandria,  Charlottesville,  Dan- 
ville, Fredericksburg,  Lynchburg,  Petersburg,  Norfolk,  Portsmouth, 
Eiehmond,  Staunton,  Manchester,  Roanoke,  Winchester,  and  Newport 
News,  shall  continue  until  the  first  day  of  Februarv,  nineteen  hundred 
and  seven ;  and  the  terms  of  the  judges  of  the  city  courts,  as  preserved 
by  this  Constitution,  of  the  cities  of  Bristol,  Eadford  and  Buena  Vista, 
shall  continue  until  the  first  day  of  February,  nineteen  hundred  and 
four,  unless  the  said  courts  shall  be  sooner  abolished.  The  privilege 
now  allowed  by  statute  to  judges  of  county  courts  and  to  judges  of  cer- 
tain city  courts  to  practice  law,  shall  continue  during  the  terms  of  the 
judges  whose  terms  arc  continued  by  this  Schedule,  unless  otherwise 
provided  by  law. 

Sec.  8.  The  terms  of  the  clerks  of  the  county  and  circuit  courts  now 
in  office,  or  their  successors,  shall  continue  until  the  first  day  of  Feb- 


(58  SCHEDULE. 

ruary,  iiiiicleen  hundred  and  four;  and  thereupon,  the  several  clerks  of 
the  county  courts  in  those  counties  in  which  such  clerks  are  now 
ex-o/ficio  clerks  of  the  circuit  courts  of  said  counties  shall  be  and 
become  the  county  clerks  of  their  respective  counties,  and  the  clerks  of 
all  the  other  county  courts  of  the  State,  except  the  counties  of  Accomac, 
Augusta,  Bedford,  Campbell,  Elizabeth  City,  Fairfax,  Lee,  Loudoun, 
Hanover,  Henrico,  Rockingham,  Nanscmond,  Sonthampton,  Pittsyl- 
vania, Xelson,  and  Fauquier,  and,  as  such,  the  clerks  of  the  circuit  courts 
created  therefor  by  this  Constitution,  and  shall  hold  office  as  such  until 
the  first  day  of  January,  nineteen  hundred  and  six,  unless  sooner 
removed,  and  their  successors  shall  be  elected  on  Tuesday  after  the  first 
Monday  in  November,  nineteen  hundred  and  five;  provided  that  the 
first  term  of  the  clerks  so  elected  be  for  six  years.  In  the  counties  of 
Accomac,  Augusta,  Bedford,  Campbell,  Elizabeth  City,  Fairfax,  Lee, 
Loudoun,  Hanover,  Henrico,  Eockingham,  Xansemond,  Southampton, 
Pittsylvania,  Xelson,  and  Fauquier,  in  which  there  are  now  separate  clerks 
for  tiie  county  and  circuit  courts  thereof,  there  shall  be  elected  on  Tues- 
day after  the  first  Monday  in  November,  nineteen  hundred  and  three, 
county  clerks  for  such  counties.  The  terms  of  the  clerks  now  in  office, 
or  their  successors,  of  the  several  city  courts  preserved  by  this  Constitu- 
tion, shall  continue  until  the  first  day  of  January',  nineteen  hundred  and 
seven;  and  their  successors  shall  be  elected  on  Tuesday  after  the  first 
Monday  in  November,  nineteen  hundred  and  five;  but  if  any  of  such 
city  courts  shall  be  sooner  abolished  as  provided  in  this  Constitution  or 
by  law,  then  the  term  of  the  clerk  of  any  such  court  shall  thereupon 
determine. 

Sec.  9.  The  first  election  of  the  Governor  and  of  all  officers  required 
by  this  Constitution,  to  be  chosen  by  the  qualified  voters  of  the  State  at 
large,  shall  be  held  on  the  Tuesday  after  the  first  Monday  in  November, 
nineteen  hundred  and  five,  and  their  terms  of  office  shall  begin  on  the 
first  day  of  February  following  their  election.  The  present  incumbents 
of  said  offices,  or  their  successors,  shall  continue  in  office  until  the  last- 
named  day. 

Sec.  10.  The  first  election  of  members  of  tlie  House  of  Delegates,  and 
of  all  county  and  district  officers,  to  be  elected  by  the  people  under  this 
Constitution,  except  as  otherwise  provided  in  this  Schedule,  shall  be 
held  on  Tuesday  after  the  first  Monday  in  November,  in  the  year  nine- 
teen hundred  and  three;  and  the  terms  of  office  of  the  several  officers 
elected  at  that  or  any  subsequent  election  shall  begin  on  the  first  day  of 
January,  next  after  their  election,  except  as  otherwise  provided  in  this 
Constitution  or  in  this  Schedule.     And  the  terms  of  the  office  of  the 


SCHEDULE.  G9 

sheriff,  comnionwoalth's  attorney,  treasurer,  commissioners  of  the  rev- 
enue, superintendents  of  the  poor,  supervisors  of  the  several  counties, 
justices  of  the  peace,  and  overseers  of  the  poor,  and  of  any  incumhent 
of  any  other  county  or  district  office  not  abolished  by  this  Constitution, 
nor  herein  specifically  mentioned,  now  in  office,  or  their  successors,  or 
whose  terms  of  office  shall  begin  on  the  first  day  of  July,  nineteen  hun- 
dred and  two,  are  continued  until  January  the  first,  nineteen  hundred 
and  four. 

The  terms  of  the  present  members  of  the  House  of  Delegates,  and  the 
terms  of  the  senators  now  in  office,  or  (in  case  of  vacancies  therein), 
their  successors,  representing  the  senatorial  districts  bearing  even  num- 
bers, are  extended  until  the  second  Wednesday  in  January,  nineteen 
hundred  and  four;  provided,  that  the  term  of  the  senator,  now  residing 
in  the  city  of  Richmond,  who  by  the  provisions  of  the  apportionment 
act,  approved  April  the  second,  nineteen  hundred  and  two,  is  continued 
in  office  as  one  of  the  senators  from  the  thirty-eighth  senatorial  district 
thereby  created,  be  extended  until  the  second  Wednesday  in  January, 
nineteen  hundred  and  six.  The  terms  of  the  senators  now  in  office,  or 
(in  case  of  vacancies  therein),  their  successsors,  representing  the  sena- 
torial districts  bearing  odd  numbers  are  extended  until  the  second  Wed- 
nesday in  January,  nineteen  hundred  and  six. 

In  the  senatorial  districts  bearing  even  numbers,  there  shall  be  elected, 
on  the  Tuesday  after  the  first  Monday  in  November,  nineteen  hundred 
and  three,  for  a  term  of  four  years,  to  begin  on  the  second  Wednesday 
in  January  succeeding  their  election,  members  of  the  Senate  to  represent 
such  districts ;  in  the  senatorial  districts  bearing  odd  numbers,  and  in 
the  city  of  Richmond  to  fill  the  vacancy,  which  will,  as  above  provided, 
occur  on  the  second  Wednesday  in  January,  nineteen  hundred  and  six, 
there  shall  be  elected,  on  the  Tuesday  after  the  first  Monday  in  Novem- 
ber, nineteen  hundred  and  five,  for  a  term  of  two  years,  to  begin  on  the 
second  Wednesday  in  January  succeeding  their  election,  members  of  the 
Senate  to  represent  such  districts;  and  on  the  Tuesday  after  the  first 
Monday  in  November,  nineteen  hundred  and  seven,  there  shall  be  elected, 
for  the  term  of  four  years,  to  begin  on  the  second  Wednesday  in  January 
succeeding  their  election,  a  senator  from  each  senatorial  district  in  the 
State. 

Sec.  11.  All  other  state,  county,  and  district  officers,  and  their  succes- 
sors, who  may  be  in  office  at  the  time  this  Constitution  goes  into  effect, 
except  the  Auditor  of  Public  Accounts,  the  Second  Auditor,  the  Register 
of  the  Land  Office,  the  Superintendent  of  Public  Printing,  the  Commis- 
sioner of  Labor  and  Industrial  Statistics,  Railroad  Commissioner,  nota- 


70  SCHEDULE. 

ries  public,  the  Adjutant-General,  the  Superintendent  and  the  Surgeon 
of  the  Penitentiary,  the  Manager  and  the  Surgeon  of  the  State  Prison 
Farm,  the  superintendents  of  the  several  state  hospitals,  and  the  school 
superintendents  for  counties  and  cities,  and  school  trustees,  shall,  unless 
their  respective  offices  be  abolished,  or  unless  otherwise  provided  by  this 
Constitution  or  Schedule,  hold  their  respective  offices,  and  discharge  the 
respective  duties  and  exercise  the  respective  powers  thereof,  until  Jan- 
uary the  first,  nineteen  hundred  and  four.  The  terms  of  the  present 
incumbents  in  the  offices  of  Auditor  of  Public  Accounts,  Second  Auditor, 
Kegister  of  the  Land  Office,  Superintendent  of  Public  Printing,  and 
Commissioner  of  Labor  and  Industrial  Statistics,  shall  continue  until 
March  the  first,  nineteen  hundred  and  four.  The  term  of  the  Eailroad 
Commissioner  shall  end  as  soon  as  the  State  Corporation  Commission 
shall  be  organized.  Notaries  public  shall  continue  in  office  until  their 
respective  commissions  shall  expire.  The  +erm  of  the  office  of  Adjutant- 
General  shall  expire  March  the  first,  nineteen  hundred  and  six.  The 
Superintendent  and  the  Surgeon  of  the  Penitentiary,  the  ]\Ianager  and 
the  Surgeon  of  the  State  Prison  Farm,  the  superintendents  of  the  sev- 
eral state  hospitals,  shall  continue  in  office  until  their  successors  shall 
be  appointed  by  the  respective  boards  empowered  under  this  Constitu- 
tion to  make  the  several  appointments.  The  school  superintendents  for 
counties  and  cities  shall  remain  in  office  for  their  respective  terms,  and 
until  their  successors  are  appointed.  School  trustees  now  in  office,  or 
their  successors,  shall  remain  in  office  until  otherwise  provided  by  law. 
Electoral  boards  with  the  powers  conferred  by  existing  laws,  except  the 
appointment  of  registrars,  shall  remain  in  office  until  March  the  first, 
nineteen  hundred  and  four. 

Sec.  12.  The  terms  of  the  State  Board  of  Education,  the  State  Cor- 
poration Commission,  and  the  Board  of  Agriculture  and  Immigration, 
the  directors  of  public  institutions  and  prisons,  and  of  each  state  hos- 
pital, and  the  Commissioner  of  State  Hospitals,  to  be  first  elected,  or 
appointed,  under  this  Constitution,  shall  begin  on  ]\Iarch  the  first,  nine- 
teen hundred  and  three.  The  board  of  any  of  the  above-named  depart- 
ments and  institutions  as  now  constituted  shall  continue  until  the  boards 
create.d  imder  this  Constitution  for  such  departments  and  institutions 
respectively  are  duly  organized.  And  the  terms  of  the  members  of  the 
Board  of  Fisheries  are  continued  until  March  the  first,  nineteen  hundred 
and  six.  The  terms  of  the  trustees  or  visitors  of  the  state  educational 
institutions,  and  other  honorary  appointments  made  by  the  Governor,  are 
continued  until  otherwise  provided  by  law. 

Sec.  13.    Charters  of  incorporation  may,  until  the  first  day  of  April, 


SCHEDULE.  71 

nineteen  hundred  and  three,  be  granted  or  amended  by  the  courts  of  the 
State  in  accordance  with  the  laws  in  force  when  this  Constitution  goes 
into  effect,  unless  the  General  Assembly  shall  sooner  provide  for  the 
creation  of  corporations  as  required  by  this  Constitution. 

Sec.  14.  The  terms  of  all  officers  elected  by  the  qualified  voters  of  a 
city,  and  of  their  successors,  in  office  at  the  time  this  Constitution  goes 
into  effect,  or  whose  terms  of  office  begin  on  the  first  day  of  July,  nine- 
teen hundred  and  two,  except  the  terms  of  mayors,  of  members  of  city 
councils  and  of  the  clerks  of  city  courts,  are  continued  until  January 
the  first,  nineteen  hundred  and  six;  and  their  successors  shall  be  elected 
on  the  Tuesday  after  the  first  Monday  in  Xovember,  nineteen  hundred 
and  five.  The  forms  of  all  city  officers,  not  so  elected,  shall  expire  as 
provided  in  the  charters  of  tbe  several  cities,  or  as  may  be  provided  by 
law. 

Sec.  15.  Until  otherwise  provided  by  law,  the  mayors  of  the  several 
cities  shall  continue  in  olfice  until  September  the  first,  nineteen  hundred 
and  four,  and  their  successors  shall  be  elected  the  second  Tuesday  in 
June,  nineteen  hundred  and  four.  Until  otherwise  provided  by  law,  the 
members  of  the  several  city  councils  shall  continue  in  office  for  the 
terms  prescribed  in  the  charters  of  their  respective  cities,  except  that 
where  their  terms  are  prescribed  as  ending  on  the  first  day  of  July  ot 
any  3'ear,  the}^  shall  be  extended  until  the  first  day  of  September  fol- 
lowing. 

Sec.  16.  Vacancies  in  any  office,  the  term  of  which  is  confirmed  or 
extended  by  this  Schedule,  occurring  during  such  term  or  extension 
thereof,  shall  be  filled  in  the  manner  prescribed  by  law. 

Sec.  17.  All  officers,  whose  terms  of  office  are  extended  by  this  Sched- 
ule, required  by  law  or  municipal  ordinance  to  give  bond  for  the  faithful 
discharge  of  the  duties  of  their  respective  offices,  shall,  prior  to  the  expi- 
ration of  the  terms  for  which  they  were  respectively  chosen,  before  the 
court  or  other  authority  before  whom  such  officer  was  required  by  law  or 
mimicipal  ordinance  to  give  such  bond,  enter  into  a  new  l)ond,  in  the  same 
penalty  and  with  such  security  as  was  prescribed  by  law  or  municipal 
ordinance  in  respect  to  his  former  bond,  and  with  like  conditions  as 
therein  prescribed,  for  the  faithful  discharge  of  the  duties  of  his  office 
for  the  extended  term  herein  provided  for,  and  until  his  successor  shall 
have  been  duly  chosen,  and  shall  have  qualified  according  to  law.  Upon 
failure  to  give  such  bond  within  the  time  above  prescribed,  the  office 
shall,  upon  the  expiration  of  the  term  for  which  the  incumbent  thereof 
was  chosen,  become  vacant. 

Sec.  18.    In  all  elections  held  after  this  Constitution  goes  into  effect, 


72  SCHEDULE. 

the  qualifications  of  electors  shall  be  those  required  by  Article  Two  of 
this  Constitution. 

Sec.  19.  The  General  Assembly  which  convened  on  the  first  Wednes- 
day in  December,  nineteen  hundred  and  one,  shall  be  called  by  the  Gov- 
ernor to  meet  in  session  at  the  Capitol  at  twelve  o'clock  M.,  on  Tuesday, 
the  fifteenth  day  of  July,  nineteen  hundred  and  two.  It  shall  be  vested 
with  all  the  powers,  charged  with  all  the  duties,  and  subject  to  all  the 
limitations  prescribed  by  this  Constitution  in  reference  to  the  General 
Assembly,  except  as  to  the  limitation  upon  the  period  of  its  session, 
qualifications  of  members,  and  as  to  the  time  at  which  any  of  its  acts 
shall  take  effect;  but  the  ineligibility  of  the  members  thereof  to  be 
elected  to  any  other  office  during  their  terms  as  members  of  the  General 
Assembly  shall  be  such  as  is  imposed  by  this  Constitution.  The  said 
General  Assembly  shall  elect  judges  for  all  of  the  circuit  courts  pro- 
vided for  in  this  Constitution,  and  also  of  the  corporation  courts  for 
Bristol,  Eadford,  and  Buena  Vista,  unless  said  city  courts  are  sooner 
abolished. 

Sec.  20.  The  said  General  Assembly  shall  enact  such  laws  as  may  be 
deemed  proper,  including  those  necessary  to  put  this  Constitution  into 
complete  operation;  to  confirm  those  officers  whose  appointment  is  made 
by  this  Constitution  subject  to  confirmation  b}'  the  General  Assembly  or 
either  house  thereof;  and  to  transact  other  proper  business;  and  such 
session  shall  continue  so  long  as  may  be  necessary.  The  members  shall 
receive  for  their  services  four  dollars  per  day,  for  the  time  when  the 
General  Assembly  is  actually  in  session,  including  Sundays  and  recesses 
of  not  exceeding  five  days,  and  the  mileage  provided  by  law;  the  Speaker 
of  the  House  of  Delegates  and  President  of  the  Senate  shall  each  receive 
seven  dollars  per  day  for  the  same  period  and  the  mileage  provided  by 
law;  and  the  other  officeTs  and  employees  shall  receive  such  compensa- 
tion for  their  services  as  the  General  Assembly  may  prescribe.  Pro- 
vision may  be  made  for  compensation  at  said  rate  of  four  dollars  per 
day  of  members  of  legislative  committees  which  may  sit  during  any 
recess  of  said  session. 

Sec.  21.  The  compensation  and  duties  of  the  Clerk  of  the  House  of 
Delegates  and  of  the  Clerk  of  the  Senate  shall  continue  as  now  fixed  by 
law  until  the  first  of  Januar}^,  nineteen  hundred  and  three,  after  which 
date  their  compensation  shall  be  as  prescribed  by  section  Sixty-six  of 
this  Constitution. 

Sec.  22.  When  the  General  Assembly  convenes  on  the  fifteenth  day 
of  July,  nineteen  hundred  and  two,  its  members  and  officers,  before 
entering  upon   the   discharge  of  their  duties,   shall  severally  take   and 


SCHEDULE.  73 

subscribe  the  oath  or  affirmation  prescribed  by  section  Thirty-four  of  the 
Constitution.  And  not  later  than  the  twentieth  day  of  July,  nineteen 
hundred  and  two,  the  Governor  and  all  other  executive  officers  of  the- 
State,  whose  offices  are  at  the  seat  of  government,  and  all  judges  of 
courts  of  record,  shall  severally  take  and  subscribe  such  oath  or  affirma- 
tion; and  upon  the  failure  of  any  such  officer,  executive  or  judicial,  to 
take  such  oath  by  the  day  named,  his  office  shall  therel)y  become  vacant. 
Such  oaths  or  affirmations  shall  be  taken  and  sul)scribed  before  any  person 
authorized  by  existing  laws  to  administer  an  oath.  The  Secretary  of  the 
Commonwealth  shall  cause  to  Ije  printed  the  necessary  blanks  for  carr\-- 
ing  into  effect  this  provision,  and  the  said  oaths  and  affirmations  so  taken 
and  subscribed,  except  of  the  members  and  officers  of  the  General  Assem- 
bly, shall  be  returned  to  and  filed  in  his  office;  and  those  taken  by  the 
members  and  officers  of  the  General  Assembly  shall  be  preserved  in  the 
records  of  the  respective  houses. 

Sec.  83.  The  official  copy  of  the  Constitution  and  Sehedide,  and  of 
any  ordinance  adopted  by  the  Convention,  shall,  as  soon  as  they  shall  be 
enrolled,  be  signed  by  the  President  and  attested  by  the  Secretary  of  the 
Convention,  and  the  President  will  thereupon  cause  the  same  to  be  deliv- 
ered to  the  Secretary  of  the  Commonwealth,  who  will  file  and  preserve 
the  same  securely,  among  the  archives  of  the  State  in  his  custody. 

The  Secretary  of  the  Commonwealth  will  cause  the  Constitution, 
Schedule,  and  said  ordinances  to  be  transcribed  in  a  book  to  be  provided 
for  the  purpose  and  safely  kept  in  his  office. 

The  Secretary  of  the  Convention  will  immediately  upon  the  adoption 
of  this  Schedule,  deliver  a  certified  copy  of  the  Constitution  and 
Schedule,  and  of  said  ordinances,  to  the  Governor  of  the  Commonwealth. 

Sec.  24.  The  Governor  is  authorizedand  directed  to  immediately  issue  his 
proclamation  announcing  that  this  re\'ised  and  amended  C*onstitution  has 
been  ordained  by  the  people  of  A^irginia,  assemliled  in  Convention,  through 
their  representatives,  as  the  Constitution  for  the  government  of  the 
people  of  the  State,  and  will  go  into  effect  as  such,  subject  to  the  pro- 
visions of  the  Schedule  annexed  thereto,  on  the  tenth  day  of  July,  nine- 
teen hundred  and  two,  at  noon,  and  calling  upon  all  the  people  of  Vir- 
ginia to  render  their  true  and  loyal  support  to  the  same,  as  the  organic 
law  of  the  Commonwealth. 

Sec.  25.  This  Constitution  shall,  except  as  is  otherwise  provided  in  the 
Schedule,  go  into  effect  on  the  tenth  day  of  July,  nineteen  hundred  and 
two,  at  noon. 

This  Schedule  shall  take  effect  from  its  passage. 


INDEX  TO  CONSTITUTION. 


8ec. 


A. 


Auriciiltme   and   Immigration,        143-14G 
Department  of.  wliere  maintained, 

how  controlled,  143 

Board  of,  how  composed,  term  of 

office,  143 

Powers  and  dnties  of,  to   be  pre- 
scribed by  law,  144 
Commissioner   of,   term   of   office, 

how  elected,  powers  and  duties,  145 
President    of    Board    of,    ex-officio 
member  of  Board  of  Visitors  of 
Virginia  Polytechnic  Institute,     146 
Apportionments  of  State  into  senate 

and  house  districts,  43 

Into   congressional    districts,  55 

Appropriations,     to     churches,     etc., 
and  certain   institutions   forbid- 
den, 67 
Army,  standing,  should  be  aA^oided,       13 
Suffrage  privilege  of  veterans,  19 
Attorney-General,  Governor  may  re- 
quire opinion  of,                                   74 
Member  of  Board  of  Education,       130 
How    elected;     duties,     compensa- 
tion;  how  removable,                       107 
Auditor    of    Public    Accounts,    how 
elected  and  term  of  office;  duties 
and  powers  to  be  prescribed  by 
law,  82 
To  charge  Treasurer  with  unpaid 
poll-taxes,  38 
Auditing  Committee,  how  appointed, 

duties  of,  68 

B. 

Bail,  excessive,  ought  not  to  be  re- 
quired, 9 

Application  for.  General  Assembly 
shall  provide  by  whom,   and  in 
what  manner,  shall  be  heard,        109 
Ballot,  elections  by  people  shall  be 

by,  27 

Voters   may   erase   and   substitute 
names  on,  28 

Secrecy  of,  maintained,  27,  37 

General    Assembly     shall     provide 
form  of,  28 

Form  and  contents  of,  28 


Sec. 
Voter   may    erase    any    name    and 
substitute  another,  28 

Ballot-box  kept  in  view  at  all  elec- 
tions, not  opened  in  secret,  27 
Bill  of  Rights,                                          1-17 
Bill,  may  originate  in  either  house, 

how  enacted  into  laws,  50 

Amendment  to,  how  concurred  in,     50 
How  conference  report  on,  adopt- 
ed, 50 
How    printing    and    reading    dis- 
pensed with,  50 
"Wiien   recorded  vote  necessary   to 


pass. 


50 


Presiding  officer  must  sign  wlien 
])assed  and  enrolled,  after  title 
read,  and  fact  entered  on  jour- 
nal, 50 

Presented  to  Governor  before  be- 
coming a  law,  76 

How  passed  over  veto,  76 

Veto  of  items  of  appropriation 
bill,  effect  of,  76 

Not  returned  or  signed  by  Gov- 
ernor becomes  a  law  in  five 
days;    exception,  76 

Board  of  Public  Works  shall  cease  to 
exist  on   organization  of  corpo- 
ration commission,  156A; 
Bond,  officers,   etc.,  handling  money 

to  give  bond,  85 

Additional  security  may  be  re- 
quired, 113 

None  required  as  condition  of  ap- 
peal to  Supreme  Court  of  Ap- 
peals; when  supersedeas  bond 
may  be  required,  88 

Bureau  of  Labor  and  Statistics, 
General  Assembly  to  have  power 
to  establish,  86 


Churches,  not  to  be  chartered;  Gen- 
oral  Assembly  may  secure  title 
to  church  property,  59 

Appropriations    to,    forbidden,  67 

Changes  in  Constitution,  196-197 


INDEX    TO    CONSTITUTION. 


75 


Sec. 
Circuit  Court  shall  appoint  electoral 

board,  31 

Shall  hear  and  decide  apj^lications 
to  correct  list  of  unpaid  jioll- 
taxes,  38 

How  and  when  judges  elected; 
their   qualifications,  96 

Number  of  terms  to  be  prescribed 
by  law;  no  separate  court  held 
for  cities  of  second  class,  etc.,       97 

Concurrent  jurisdiction  with  Cor- 
poration Court  when,  98 
Cities  and  Towns,  General  Assembly 
may  grant  bj'^  general  law  pow- 
ers of  local  legislation  to  coun- 
cil, G5 

General  Assembly  not  forbidden 
to  authorize  appropriations  by, 
to  charitable  institutions,  67 

Cities,    how    divided    into    first    and 

second  classes,  98 

Courts  of  cities  of  each  class,  98 

When  Corporation  Court  in  city  of 
second  class  shall  cease  to  exist, 
effect  of  same,  98 

May  increase  salaries  of  judges; 
Salaries  of  judges  paid  how,         103 

Words  "incorporated  communi- 
ties" relate  only  to,  116 

Definition  of  city  and  of  town,         116 

Charters  of  towns  having  city 
charters  previously  not  repeal- 
ed; abolition  by  them  of  Corpo- 
ration Court  not  prevented,  116 

■General  Assembly  to  pass  general 
laws  for  organization  and  gov- 
ernment of,  117 

Previous  charters  may  be  retain- 
ed, but  are  amended  to  con- 
form to  constitution,  117 

■Streets,  alleys,  or  public  grounds 
of,  cannot  be  used  by  certain 
corporations  Avithout  previous 
consent  of  city  or  town  author- 
ities, 124 

Commonwealth's  Attorney  of,  119 

Restrictions  on  sale  of  property 
or  rights  of,  125 

Restrictions  on  granting  of  fran- 
chises; method  and  provisions  in 
grants  of  same;  General  Assem- 
bly may  impose  further  restric- 
tions, 125 

•General  Assembly  shall  provide  by 
general  law  for  extension  and 
contraction  of  corporate  limits,     126 

Ximitation  of  bonded  indebtedness 
of;  what  to  be  excepted  in  as- 
certaining bonded  indebtedness,   127 


Assessment  for  municipal  taxation 
to  be  the  same  as  for  state  taxa- 
tion, 

May  make  appropriations  to 
manual  and  industrial  schools. 

Cannot  grant  its  credit  to  any 
person  or  corporation;  may, 
however,  perfect  subscription  to 
stock  of  railroad  company. 
City  Council,  General  Assembly  may 
grant  by  general  law  powers  of 
local  legislation  to. 

Composed  of  two  branches;  pow- 
ers and  terms  of  office;  how 
elected;  in  cities  under  10,000 
may  consist  of  one  branch;  mem- 
ber ineligible  to  office  in  gift  of 
council;  powers  in  changing 
wards  and  reapportioning  rep- 
resentation in  council;  when 
mandamus  lies. 

When  elected;  beginning  of  term; 
election  not  to  occur  at  same 
time  as  that  of  other  elective 
officers. 

Ordinances  of,  to  be  presented  to 
Mayor;  how  passed  over  veto 
of  Mayor;  objections  of  Mayor 
with  veto  to  be  recorded  in 
journal;  ordinance  becomes  op- 
erative if  not  returned  by  Mayor 
in  five  days;   exception, 

What  ordinances  require  recorded 
vote;  effect  of  veto  upon, 
Clerks  of  election,  how  appointed, 
Clerk     of     Circuit     or     Corporation 
Court  to  keep  roll  of  registered 
voters, 
Clerk  of  Circuit  Court  shall  certify 
and  deliver  copies  of  list  of  un- 
paid     poll-taxes,      and      record 
sheriff's  return. 

Shall  keep  lists  for  inspection, 
etc.. 

File  and  preserve  original  list. 

Furnish  copy  to  election  judges 
and  Auditor  of  Public  Accounts, 
Clerk  of  Corporation  Court  shall  cer- 
tify and  deliver  to  sheriff  copies 
of  lists  of  unpaid  poll-taxes  and 
record  sheriif's  return. 

Shall  keep  lists  for  inspection,  etc., 

File  and  preserve  original  list. 

Furnish    copy    to    election    judges 

and  Auditor  of  Public  Accounts, 

Clerk  of  House  of  Delegates  shall  be 

Keeper  of  the  Rolls, 
Clerks  of  General  Assembly,  General 
Assembly    shall    prescribe    num- 
ber and  compensation  of. 
Clerk  of  county,  how  elected. 


Sec. 

128 
141 

185 
65 


121 


122 


123 


123 
31 


19 


38 


38 
38 


38 


38 
38 
38 

38 

GO 


G6 
110 


:g 


INDEX  TO  CONSTITUTIOX. 


Terms  of  ofTTice, 

General  Assembly  may  confer  cer- 
tain jurisdiction  upon, 
Clerks  of  courts  in  cities,  how 
elected,  term  of  office;  shall  per- 
form other  duties  required  by 
law, 

Only  one  clerk  of  courts  in  city  of 
less    than    30,000    inhabitants. 

In   cities,   term   of  office   to   begin 
coincidently  with  that  of  judge, 
Commissions    shall    be    in    name    of 
Commonwealth  attested  by  Gov- 
ernor, 
Committee   on    Special,    Private    and 

Local  Legislation,  duties  of, 
Commissioner  of  the  revenue  of 
county,  how  elected  or  appointed; 
term  of  office,  number,  duties 
and  compensation  to  be  provided 
by  law, 

Of  city,  how  elected,  duties  and 
compensation  to  be  provided  by 
law,  term  of  office, 
CommonA\'ealth  has  no  appeal  in 
criminal  case,  except  for  vio- 
lation  of  revenue   law,  8, 

What  debts  State  may  contract. 
Credit  of  State  not  to  be  granted  to 
person  or  corporation;  State 
shall  not  engage  in  works  of  in- 
ternal improvement  except  pub- 
lic roads,  or  assume  indebted- 
ness of  or  lend  credit  to  county, 
city  or  town, 
Commonwealth's  Attorney  of 
county,  how  elected. 

Of  city,  how  elected,  duties, 
Congressional   districts,   General  As- 
sembly to  apportion  State, 
Constitution,   oath  to   support,   who 
shall  take, 

How  future  changes  to  be  made, 
Constitutional    Convention,    how    to 

be  called. 
Corporations,  153 

Use  of  streets,  etc.,  by,  must  be  by 
consent  of  corporate  authorities, 

Definition  of  terms  used  in 
article  on. 

Creation  of,  extension  or  amend- 
ment of  charters  of;  how  pro- 
vided for;  how  charters  may  be 
repealed. 

Provision  shall  be  made  by  general 
laws  for  surrender  of  charter  of, 

General  Assembly  shall  not  regu- 
late affairs  of,  or  give  any 
rights,  etc.,  to,  by  special  act, 

Domestic    and    foreign,    shall    pay 


Sec. 
112 

101 

118 
118 
122 

75 
51 

110 

119 

,  88 
184 


185 

110 
119 

55 

34 
196 

197 
167 

124 

153 


154 
154 

154 


certain   fees;    penalties   for  fail- 
ure, 

Shall  be  considered,  when  here- 
after accepting  any  amendment 
or  extension  of  its  charter,  if 
chartered  in  this  State,  as  sur- 
rendering exemption  of  freedom 
from  taxation,  non-repealable 
features  of  charter  and  exclusive 
rights. 

Exercise  of  eminent  domain  and 
police  power  shall  never  be 
abridged  as  to  corporations, 

Long  and  short  distance  trans- 
portation rates. 

Transportation  or  transmission 
company  shall  not  give  free 
transportation,  or  rebate  in 
charges  for  same  to  any  officer 
other  than  members  of  corpo- 
ration commission;  penalty, 

Foreign,  restrictions  and  pro- 
visions as  to, 

Right  of  Commonwealth  to  con- 
trol and  regulate  certain  corpo- 
rations never  surrendered  or 
abridged. 

Right  of  railroad,  to  parallel;  re- 
ception and  transmission  of 
passengers  and  freight  by  con- 
necting roads;  right  of  General 
Assembly  to  prevent  building  of 
railroad  parallel  to  Richmond, 
Fredericksburg   and   Potomac, 

Issue  of  stock  and  bonds  by,  to 
be  legulated  bj^  General  Assem- 
bly; statement  to  be  filed  Avith 
corporation  commission;  pen- 
alties to  be  provided  and  how 
enforced. 

How  property  of  railroad  and  canal 
companies   taxed, 

Franchise  tax  to  be  paid  by  rail- 
road and  canal  companies. 

How  franchise  tax  ascertained. 

Annual  report  of  railroad  and 
canal  companies  to  corporation 
commission;  when  taxes  to  be 
paid;  taxes  to  be  lien  on  prop- 
erty of  company, 

May  appeal  from  ascertainment 
of  sections  176  and  178;  pro- 
ceedings on  appeal, 
Corporation  Commission,  State,  com- 
position of;  how  appointed; 
term  of  office;  vacancies,  how 
filled;  when  members  to  enter 
upon  duties  and  when  not;  who 
ineligible;  at  least  one  member 
to  have  qualifications  prescribed 
for  jvidge   of   Supreme   Court  of 


Sec. 
157 


158 


159 


160 


161 


163 


164 


166 


167 

176 

177 
178 


179 


180 


INDEX    TO    CONSTITrriOX. 


77 


Sec. 
Appeals;  how  impoaclicd  or  re- 
moved; ein])loyees  of;  powers, 
iii;lits  and  duties;  (ieiieral  As- 
sembly may  establish  bureaus; 
sessions  of  commission  public; 
record  shall  be  kept;  two  shall 
be  a  quorum;  salaiies  of  com- 
missioners; General  Assembl}^ 
may  provide  for  their  election 
by  the  people,  155 

Powers  and  duties  of,  150 

Concerning  notice  to  corporations 
against  whom  action  is  to  be 
taken,  15G& 

Has  powers  of  coiut  of  record  in 
certain  matters,  156e 

Penalty  on  corporation  refusing  to 
obey  order  of  commission,  loGc 

How  action  of  commission  ap- 
pealed from;  Attorney-General 
to  represent  it  on  appeal,  loGcZ 

Supreme  Coiu't  of  Appeals  alone 
to  have  power  to  review,  or  en- 
join or  in  any  way  interfere  with 
action  of  commission,  loGfZ 

Action  of  commission  not  sus- 
pended pending  appeal  until  sus- 
pending bond  shall  have  been  ex- 
ecuted. 15Ge 

Corporation  to  keep  accounts  of 
excess  charges  pending  appeal, 
and  excess  returned,  15Gc 

Proceedings  on  appeal;  facts,  etc., 
to  be  certified  to  appellate  court; 
jurisdiction  of  appellate  coiut,     15G/ 

Appellate  court,  on  reversing  order 
of  commission,  shall  enter  such 
order  as  commission  should 
have  entered;  commission  may 
make  new  rates  based  on  new 
circumstances  pending  appeal, 
such  orders  not  to  be  retro- 
active, ISG^r 

Proceedings  by  persons  in  courts 
against  corporations  not  affected 
by  fine  of  commission;  action  of 
commission  not  to  be  questioned 
in  such  proceedings;  no  case 
based  upon  or  involving  order  of 
commission  shall  be  heard  or  dis- 
posed of  pending  appeal  from 
such  order,  15G/i 

Reports  of,  what  may  be  recom- 
mended therein,  15Gi 

Upon  organization  of.  Board  of 
Public  Works  and  office  of  Rail- 
road Commissioner  shall  cease 
to  exist;  papers  of  same  trans- 
ferred to  commission,  15Gfc 

Amendments    to    act   creating,  loQl 


Transportation  companies  shall 
cairy  members  of,  free. 

Action  as  to  rates  of  transpor- 
tation com])anios  from  junction 
])oints.  mileage  and  olhci-  spe- 
cial tickets. 

Shall  assess  for  taxation  projjcrtj' 
of     railroad     and     canal     com- 


panic 
Shall 


raiichi;- 


17G. 
tax. 


as- 
ind 


ascertain 
how. 

Proceedings    on    appeal    fioin 
certainment  in  sections   17(i 
ITS. 
Corporation     courts,     shall     appoint 
electoral  boards. 

Shall  hear  and  decide  apjdications 
to  correct  list  of  unpaid  poll- 
taxes, 

One  in  each  city  of  the  first  class. 

When  in  city  of  second  class,  how 
abolished. 

Ceases    to    exist   when,    in    city   of 
second  class. 
Counties,  formation  and  division  of. 

General  Assembly  may  grant  l)y 
general  law  powers  of  local  legis- 
lation to  supervisors. 

General  Assembly  not  forbidden  to 
authorize  appropriations  by,  to 
charitable    institutions. 

Officers  of, 

Not  responsible  for  acts  of  sherifl". 

Cannot    lend    credit    to    person    or 

corporation;  when  may  subscribe 

to  stock  of  railroad  company. 

County    surveyor,    to    be    appointed 

as  prescribed  by  law, 
Courts    of    Land    Registration.    Gen- 
eral Assembly  may  establish, 

D. 

Departments,  legislative,  executive 
and  judicial,  to  be  separate  and 
distinct,  5, 

Disabilities,    legal,    persons    excluded 
from    voting. 
Power  of  General  Assemlily  to  im- 
pose. 
Power  of  General  Assembly  to  re- 
move, as  to  duelling, 
Division  of  powers. 
Duelling,   disabilities   arising   from, 
how  removed, 


Sec. 
155 

IGO 

179 
178 

ISO 
31 


38 
98 


98 


98 
Gl 


G5 


G7 
110 
lU 


185 
110 
100 


39 
23 
3G 


.39 
23 


E. 

Board 


of.     how 


Education.     State 

comijosed.  1.30 

Superintendent  of  Public  Instruc- 
tion  cx-ofjicio   president   of,  131 


78 


INDEX  TO  CONSTITUTION. 


Sec. 
Duties  of  board,  132 

School  divisions,  how  constituted; 
county  or  city  shall  not  be  di- 
vided in  formation  of,  132 
School  superintendents,  how  ap- 
pointed; term  of  office;  may  be 
removed  for  cause,  132 
School  fund  managed  bj^  Board  of 

Education,  132 

Board    to     have    management    of 

State  Library,  132 

Scliool    district,    each    magisterial 

district  shall  constitute  a,  133 

School    trustees,   numlicr,   how   se- 
lected; term  of  office,  133 
Manual     and     industrial     schools, 
cities  and  towns  may  make  ap- 
propriations to,  141 
Compulsory,      General      Assembly 

may  j^rovide  for,  138 

When  free  text-books  provided,  139 

liimitation    to     appropriations    to 
educational   institutions;    excep- 
tions, 141 
Educational    institutions,   appoint- 
ment   of    boards    of    visitors    or 
trustees   of;    term  of  office,  142 
Educational   qualification  of   voters; 
roll  of  persons  thus  qualified  to 
be  kept;  appeal  under  section,         19 
Elections,  ought  to  be  free,  6 
By    the    people;     who    may    vote, 

18,  19,  20,  21 
Shall   be   by   ballot,  27 

Person    entitled   to    vote    at    next, 

may  register,  26 

Privileges  of  voters  dining,  29 

General   Assembly    to    enact    laws 

governing,  36,  56 

Date  of.   for   members   of   General 

Assembly,  41-42 

For  county  officers,  when  held,  112 

Mayor  and  council  not  elected  and 
terms  not  to  commence  at  same 
time  with  those  of  other  city 
officers,  122 

Elective  franchise  and  qualifications 

for  office,  18-38 

Electoral  Board,  constitution  and  ap- 
pointment and  terms  of,  31 
Shall    appoint    judges,    clerks    and 

registrars   of   election,  31 

Who  ineligible,  31 

Emoluments,  no  man  entitled  to  ex- 
clusive, or  privileges  from  com- 
munity   except    for    public    ser- 
vices, 4 
Employer's  liability,                                  162 
Equality    and   natural   rights    of   all 

men,  1 


Sec. 

Evidence,  in  criminal  proceedings  no 
man  required  to  give,  against 
himself,  8 

Executive   department,  69-86 


F. 


Fellow-servant,  doctrine  of,  abol- 
ished to  extent  stated,  162 

Fines,    excessive,    ought    not    to    be 

imposed,  9 

Franchises,  of  cities  and  towns,  lim- 
itations   and    restrictions    of,        125 


G. 


General  Assembly,  may  provide   for 

trial  of  offences  by  magistrate,  8 

Mav  provide  for  juries  of  less  than 
twelve,  8,  11 

Shall  provide  for  annual  registra- 
tion of  voters,  appeals  from,  and 
correction  of  same  and  transfers 
of  voters,  25 

Shall  provide  form  of  ballot,  28 

May  prescribe  property  qualifica- 
tion for  voting  in  local  elec- 
tions; how  such  action  taken,         30 

Members  of,  shall  swear  to  sup- 
port Constitution  of  United 
States  and  of  Virginia,  34 

Shall  enact  laws  governing  elec- 
tions, 36 

May  jjrovide  for  use  of  voting  ma- 
chines. 37 

INIay  prescribe  further  evidence  of 
payment  of  poll-tax,  38 

Shall  consist  of  Senate  and  House 
of  Representatives,  40 

When  reapportionments  of  State 
into  senate  and  house  districts 
shall  be  made,  43 

Proceeding  in  case  of  emeigency 
bills,  53 

Who  are  ineligible  for  election  to,     44 

Bemoval  of  member  from  district 
shall  vacate  his  office,  44 

Salaries  of  members  to  be  fixed 
by,  45,  46 

Member  not  to  be  appointed  or 
elected  during  his  term  to  any 
office  of  profit  except  by  election 
of  the  people,  45 

Time  of  meeting  and  duration  of 
sessions;   extensions,  46 

Neither  liouse  to  adjourn  more 
than  three  days  nor  to  another 
place  without  consent  of  the 
other,  46 

Quorum ;  power  of  smaller  num- 
ber, 46 


INDEX    TO    COXSTITIJTIOX. 


79 


Sec. 

Each  house  to  select  its  officers, 
make  rules,  direct  writs  of  elec- 
tion for  vacancies  occurring  du- 
ring session,  judge  of  election 
of  members,  and  punish  or  expel 
meml)ers,  47 

Members  exempt  from  aircst 
when,  48 

Freedom  of  speech  and  debate  in,     48 

Each  house  to  keep  and  publish 
a  journal,  yeas  and  nays  enter- 
ed on  request  of  one-fifth,  49 

How  laws  and  amendments  shall 
be   enacted,  50 

When  recorded  vote  necessary,     50-76 

Signing  of  bills  by  presiding  officer 
of  each  house,  50 

Committee  on  special,  private  and 
local  legislation,  duties  of,  51 

Shall  apportion  State  for  Con- 
gressional districts,  55 

May  declare  when  any  office  va- 
cant where  no  provision  made  in 
Constitution,  50 

Shall  prescribe  manner  of  con- 
ducting elections,  returns  thereof, 
of  determining  contested  elec- 
tions and  of  filling  vacancies  in 
cases  not  specially  provided  for 
in  Constitution,  56 

May  remove  political  disabilities 
as  to  duelling,  57 

Shall  not  pass  certain  laws,  58 

Shall  not  incorporate  church  or 
religious  denomination,  but  may 
secure  title  to  church  property,     59 

May  form  and  divide  counties, 
when,  6 1 

May  enact  local  option  or  dispen- 
sary laws  or  other  laws  controll- 
ing liquor  traffic,  62 

Shall  confer  on  courts  power  to 
grant  divorces,  to  change  names 
of  persons,  to  direct  sale  of  es- 
tates of  infants,  and  may  regu- 
late punishment  by  courts  for 
contempt,  63 

What  local,  special  or  private  legis- 
lation prohibited,  63 

May  enact  general  laws,  however, 
in  such  cases;  limitation  of 
amendments  of  such  general 
laws,  64 

May  confer  by  general  law  powers 
of  local  legislation  on  super- 
visors and  councils,  65 

Shall  prescribe  number  and  com- 
pensation of  its  employees,  66 

Appropriations  to  churches  and  in- 
stitutions  forbidden;    exception,     67 


Sec. 

Shall  appoiiif  Auditing  Commit- 
tee, G8 

To  jirovide  checks  and  balances  for 
officers,  84 

Shall  decide  tie  and  contested  elec- 
tions for  (Jovernor,  70 

When  (iovernor  may  convene,  73 

Governor  shall  communicate  con- 
dition of  State  to,  73 

Proceedings  to  pass  bill  over  veto 
of  Governor,  76 

May  r('(|uire  record  and  papers, 
etc.,  from  Secretary  of  the  Com- 
monwealth, 80 

To  prescribe  by  law  dufies  of 
State  Treasurer  and  Auditor,  81,  82 

To  fix  salaries  of  officers  of  Execu- 
tive Department,  83 

To  fix  and  regulate  bonds  of  ofil- 
cers,  85 

Shall  have  power  to  establish  Bu- 
reau of  Labor  and  Statistics,  86 

Jurisdiction  of  courts  to  be  regu- 
lated by  law,  87 

May  change  jurisdiction  of  Su- 
preme Coiu-t  after  1910  in  mat- 
ters merely  pecuniary,  88 

Duties,  compensation  and  tenure 
of  office  of  officers  of  Supreme 
Court  of  Appeals  to  be  prescrib- 
ed by  law,  92 

Places  of  sessions  of  Supreme 
Court  of  Appeals  to  be  fixed  by 
law,  "      93 

Number  of  terms  of  circuit  courts 
to  be  prescribed  by  law,  97 

May  provide  for  a  Special  Court 
of  A])peals,  how  constituted,  89 

Shall  have  management  of  Law 
Library,  132 

To  elect  judges  of  Court  of  Ap- 
peals by  joint  vote,  91 

May  provide  for  Special  Court  of 
Appeals,  89 

May  rearrange  judicial  districts, 
how,  95 

Shall  elect  circuit  judges,  96 

Shall  elect  city  court  judges,  99 

Salaries  of  judges  to  be  fixed  bv 
law,  "  '    102 

May  ))rovide  additional  courts  for 
cities,  98 

Shall  choose  judges  of  city  courts, 
how  elected,  99 

May  establish  courts  of  land  regis- 
tration, 100 

May  confer  certain  juiisdiction  on 
clerks  of  courts,  101 

Mav  remove  judges  from  office  for 
cause,  104 


80 


IXDEX  TO  CONSTITUTIOX. 


Sec. 

To  provide  for  appointment,  or 
election,  and  jurisdiction  of  jus- 
tices of  the  peace,  108 

Shall  provide  bj'  whom  and  in 
what  manner  applications  for 
bail  shall  be  heard,  109 

Compensation  of  commissioners  of 
the  revenue  of  counties  shall  be 
prescribed  by  law,  110 

May  change  magisterial  districts 
by  law.  111 

Other  duties  of  clerks  of  city 
courts  to  be  provided  by  law,       118 

Same  provision  as  to  Common- 
wealth's Attorney  of  city,  119 

May  designate  authorities  to  ap- 
point city  officers,  and  authorize 
Mayor  to  remove  members  and 
officers  of  police  and  fire  de- 
partments, 120 

May  permit  council  to  consist  of 
one  branch  in  citv  of  under 
10,000,  "  121 

May  change  the  time  of  election 
of  all  city  officers,  except  Mayor 
and  council;  must  not  be  elected 
and  commence  to  serve  at  same 
time  with  other  officers,  122 

Shall  provide  for  examination  of 
books,  etc.,  of  county  officers 
handling  public  funds,  115 

Shall  be  governed  by  United  States 
census  in  determining  population 
of  cities  and  towns,  116 

Shall  enact  general  laws  for  or- 
ganization and  government  of 
cities  and  towns;  how  special 
act  therefor  passed,  117 

Shall  provide  by  general  laws  for 
extension  or  contraction  of  cor- 
porate limits  of  cities  and 
towns,  126 

Shall  maintain  efficient  system  of 
public  schools,  129 

May  impose  further  restrictions 
on  granting  of  franchises  by  or 
selling  or  leasing  property  of 
cities  and  towns,  125 

Compensation  of  Superintendent  of 
Public  Instruction  to  be  pre- 
scribed by  law,  131 

Shall  prescribe  rules  and  regula- 
tions for  government  of  State 
Library,  132 

School  trustees  to  be  selected  in 
manner  and  for  term  prescribed 
by  law,  133 

Shall  set  apart  certain  sums  for 
Literai-y  Fund,  134 

Application  of  certain  moneys  for 
school  fund,  135 


Sec, 

May  establish  certain  schools,  137 

May  provide  for  compulsory  edu- 
cation of  children,  138 

May  in  discretion  continue  appro- 
priation to  College  of  William 
and   Mary,  141 

Boards  of  visitors  or  trustees  of 
educational  institutions  to  be 
appointed  in  manner  prescribed 
by  law,  142 

Powers  and  duties  of  Board  of 
Agriculture  and  Immigration  to 
be   prescribed  by   law,  144 

Same  as  to  Commissioner  of  Agri- 
culture and  Immigration,  145 

General  Board  of  Directors  of 
Insane  Hospitals  subject  to  such 
regulations  as  General  Assem- 
bly may  prescribe,  150 

Duties  and  bond  of  Commissioner 
of  State  Hospitals  for  the  Insane 
to  be  prescribed  by  law,  152 

^May  amend  act  creating  corpora- 
tion commission  iipon  recom- 
mendation of  commission,  156? 

Shall  prescribe  certain  fees  to  be 
paid  by  corporations,  and  pen- 
alties for  failure,  157 

Members  shal  1  not  accept  free 
transportation  or  any  rebate  in 
rates   for  same;    penalty,  161 

Shall  enact  laws  preventing  trusts 
inimical  to  public  welfare,  165 

Shall  enact  general  laws  concern- 
ing issue  of  bonds  and  stock  by 
corporations,  167 

Shall  provide  for  reassessments 
of  property,  171,  172 

Shall  levy  state  capitation  tax, 
how  applied;  further  capitation 
tax  may  be  authorized  to  coun- 
ties, cities  and  towns,  173 

May  from  time  to  time  determine 
natural  oyster  beds,  etc.,  175 

Shall  provide  and  maintain  sink- 
ing fund,  187 

May  levy  special  tax  for  pensions,  189 

Shall  prescribe  manner  of  setting 
aside  homestead  exemption,  192 

Prohibited  from  passing  laws  stay- 
ing the   collection   of   debts,  194 
Government,  instituted  for  common 

benefit,  3 

What  is  best,  3 

When  majority  of  community  has 
right  to  reform,  3 

Should  be  uniform;  separate  gov- 
ernment from  that  of  Virginia 
not  to  be  established  in  State,       14 

Qualities    necessary    to    preserva- 
tion of,  15 


INDEX    TO    COXSTITUTIOX. 


81 


8ec. 
Governor    may    issue    writs    of    elec- 
tion to  fill  vacancies  in  General 
Assembly    occurring    during    re- 
cess, 47 
Term  of,  69 
How   elected;    mode  of  proceeding 
in  contested  elections  for,  to  be 
decided  by  law,  70 
Qualifications  for  election,  71 
Residence  and  salary,  72 
Duties  and  powers  of,                       73,  74 
Shall      attest      commissions      and 

grants,  75 

Duties  in  regard  to  bills  passed  by 
General   Assembly,  76 

.    Veto    of    items    of    appropriation 

bills,  effect  of,  76 

Governor  shall  commission  judges,        102 
Member  of  Board  of  Education,       130 
To    appoint    Board   of   Agriculture 
and  Immigration,  subject  to  con- 
firmation of  Senate,  143 
To   appoint   Directors    of   Peniten- 
tiary, subject  to  confirmation  of 
Senate,                                                  148 
To     appoint     Directors     of     State 
Insane  Hospitals,  subject  to  con- 
firmation of  Senate,                          149 
To  appoint  Commissioner  of  State 
Insane  Hospitals,  with  confirma- 
tion of  Senate,                                    152 
To    appoint    Corporation    Commis- 
sion, with  confirmation  of  Gen- 
eral Assembly,  155 
Grants    shall    be    in    name    of   Com- 
monwealth,  attested   by   Gover- 
nor, 75 


H. 


Habeas    corpus,    writ    of,    when    sus- 
pended, 58 
Heirs  of  property,                                       195 
Homestead  and  other  exemptions,  190-195 
Homestead    exemption,    householder 
or    head    of    family    entitled    to, 
not    exceeding    $2,000;    to    what 
debts  exemption  does  not  extend,  190 
In  what  property  exemption  shall 

not  be  claimed,  191 

Manner  and  conditions  on  which 
exemption  may  be  set  aside  to 
be  prescribed  by  General  Assem- 
bly, 192 
Homestead  exemptions  heretofore 
claimed  not  invalidated  by  this 
constitution ;  householder  or 
head  of  family  at  time  this  con- 
stitution goes  into  effect  may 
select  old  or  new  exemptions,       193 


Sec. 
Hos))itals     for     the     Insane,     State, 
board  of  directors  for  each;  num- 
ber of  members;  how  appointed; 
powers  and  term  of  office,  149 

General  board  for;  how  composed; 
powers   of,  150 

Superintendents  of;  how  appoint- 
ed and  removed;  term  of  office; 
may  appoint  employees,  151 

Ofiieers  of;  term  of  ollice;  how  ap- 
pointed, 151 

Commissioner  of;  how  appointed; 
term  of  ofiice,  powers,  duties 
and  compensation,  152 

House  of  Delegates,  number  of  mem- 
bers; how  and  when  elected,  42 

Qualifications  of  a  delegate,  44 

To  choose  Speaker,  47 


Impeachments  by  House  of  Dele- 
gates to  be  tried  by  Senate 
under  oath  or  affirmation;  limi- 
tation of  sentence;  party  con- 
victed  liable  to   indictment,  54 

Indictments  to  conclude  "against  the 
peace  and  dignity  of  the  Com- 
monwealth," 106 


Jeopardy,  no  man  to  be  put  in,  twice 

for  same  offence,  8 

Judge,  office  of,  not  to  be  heredi- 
tary, 4 
Judges,  one  for  each  city  court  of 
record,  chosen  by  General  Assem- 
bly; qualifications,  residence; 
how  elected;  may  be  required 
or  authorized  to  hold  other 
courts,                                                     99 

Circuit,  may  be  required  or  au- 
thorized to  hold  certain  other 
courts,  97 

Privileges  of  corporation  judge  of 
city  of  less  than  5,000  inhabi- 
tants, 99 

Shall  be  commissioned  by  Gover- 
nor; salaries  to  be  fixed  by  law; 
terms  of  office;  elections  to  fill 
vacancies  to  be  for  unexjiired 
term,  102 

Limit  of  salaries;  how  paid;  cities 
may  increase  salaries,  103 

How  removed  from  office,  104 

Of  Court  of  Appeals,  Circuit  Court 
or  city  court  of  record  cannot 
practice  law  nor  hold  other 
office;  exception,  105 

Of  election;  how  appointed  and 
who   not  eligible,  31 


82 


INDEX  TO  CONSTITUTION. 


Sec. 
Of     election,     shall    be    furnished 
with  list  of  persons  whose  poll- 
taxes  are  unpaid,  38 
Judiciary  Department,                       87-109 
Judiciary    Circuits    of    State,    num- 
ber and  composition,                         94 
May  be  rearranged,  how,                     95 
Jury  may  be  dispensed  with  in  crim- 
inal prosecutions,  when,  8 
General  Assembly  may  provide  for 
juries  of  less  than  twelve,          8,  11 
Justices   of   the   peace,   appointment 
or   election,   and  jurisdiction   of, 
to   be   provided    for   by    General 
Assembly,                                            108 


K. 


Keeper  of  the  Rolls,  Clerk  of  House 
of  Delegates  shall  be,  without 
compensation,  66 


L. 


Laws,  power  of  suspending,  with- 
out consent  of  representatives  of 
people  injurious,  and  ought  not 
to  be  exercised,  7 

Tax    laws    must    state    tax    spe- 
cifically, 50 
What  laws  require  recorded  vote,     50 
How  enacted,  50 
No  law  to  embrace  more  than  one 

object;    how   amended,  52 

Title  must  state  object,  52 

.   When  to  take  effect,  53 

WHiat    local,    special,    or    private, 

prohibited,  63 

Special  laws  not  to  surrender  right 
of  taxing  corporations,  except 
as  provided,  64 

Private  corporations,  associations, 
or  persons  not  excepted  from 
operation  of  general  law,  64 

Legislative  Department,  40-68 

Legislator,  office  of,  not  to  be  hered- 
itary, 4 
Library    ( see  State  Library ) . 
Lieutenant-Governor,  term  of  office,     77 
Duties,  compensation,                       78-79 
Liquor    laws.    General    Assembly    to 

have  right  to  enact,  62 

Literary    Fund,    what    shall    be    set 

apart  as,  134 

Interest  to  be  applied  to  schools,      135 
Lottery,    authorization    of,    by    law 
forbidden,  and  buying,  selling,  or 
transferring    of    lottery    tickets 
forbidden,  60 


Sec. 


M. 


Magistrate,  office  of,  not  to  be  hered- 
itary, 4 
General  Assembly  may  provide  for 
trial  of  offences  by,  8 

Magisterial    districts    to    remain    as 
before  constitution  until  chang- 
ed by  law;  limitation  as  to  size,  111 
Shall    constitute    separate    school 
district,  132 

Military  subordinate  to  civil  power,     13 

Militia  proper  defence  of  State,  13 

Governor  commander-in-chief  of 
militia,  powers  of  Governor  in 
reference  to,  73 

]\Iayor,  how  elected,  term  of  office, 
duties;  power  to  investigate  acts 
of  officials,  and  examine  under 
oath;  evidence  so  given  not  to  be 
used  against  officials  in  criminal 
proceedings;  shall  have  power  to 
suspend  city  officials  and  remove 
them  \\hen  authorized  by  Gen- 
eral Assembly  for  misconduct, 
etc.;  no  removal  without  notice 
and  liearing;  how  removal  ap- 
pealed from,  120 
When  elected,  beginning  of  term, 
election  not  to  occur  at  same 
time  as  that  of  other  elective 
officers,  122 
Effect  of  veto  of,  of  items  of  ap- 
propriation  ordinance,                       123 


N. 


Navy,    suffrage    privilege    of    veter- 
ans, 19 
Notary  public,  who  eligible,                     32 


0. 


Offence,  no  man  to  be  put  twice  in 

jeopardy  for  same,  8 

Officers,  who  eligible,  32 

When  terms  begin,  33 

Shall  serve  until  successors  elected 

and  qualified,  33 

Shall  swear  to  support  Constitu- 
tion of  United  States  and  of 
Virginia,  34 

What    officers    ineligible    for    elec- 
tion to  General  Assembly,  44 
In  what  cases  bond  required,  85 
If    not    otherwise    provided,    how 

elected  or  appointed,  120 

When  elected,  beginning  of  term,     122 
County,    when    elected,   commence- 
ment and  duration  of  terms  of 
office,  112 


INDEX    TO    CONSTITUTION". 


83 


Sec. 
No  person  to  hold  more  than  one 

county  office,  113 

Of  city,  titles,  duties,  etc.,  120 

Mayor  and  council,  when  elected,       122 
Of  insane  hospitals,  how  appoint- 
ed and  removed,  151 
Organization     and     government     of 

counties,  110-115 

Of  cities  and  towns,  116-128 

Ordinances  of  city  council,  123 

Oysters,    natural     beds,    rocks     and 

shoals  shall  be  held  in  trust  for 

people,  175 


Penitentiary,  branches  and  farms,        147 
Directors  of,  how  appointed,  num- 
ber,  duties,    powers,    and   terms 
of  office,  148 

Sperintendent  of,  how  appointed, 
powers,  duties,  term  of  office; 
how  and  for  what  removed,  148 

Surgeons  of,  how  appointed,  term 
of  office;  how  and  for  what  re- 
moved, 148 
Pensions,  General  Assembly  may 
levy  special  tax  for;  appropria- 
tion for,  189 
People,  power  vested  in  and  derived 

from,  2 

Poll-tax,   payment   of,   requisite   for 

registration  and  voting,  19,  20 

When  not  requisite,  22 

When  enforced  by  legal  process,  22 

Further   evidence   of   payment   of, 

may  be  prescribed,  38 

List  of  unpaid,  how  corrected,  38 

Treasurer  to  file  list  of  persons 
who  have  not  paid;  what  list 
to  contain,  how  same  to  be 
posted,  38 

Power   vested   in    and   derived   from 

the  people,  2 

President  of  the  Senate,  Lieutenant- 
Governor  shall  be,  79 
Press,  freedom  of,                                  12,  58 
Primary  election,  who  may  vote,  35 
General     Assembly      shall     enact 
proper  laws  for  governing,  36 
Privileges,   no   man    entitled   to    ex- 
clusive   emoluments    or,    except 
for  public  services,  4 
Process  of  law,  no  person  to  be  de- 
prived of  property  without,              11 
Property,  no  person  to  be  deprived 

of,  without  due  process  of  law,     11 
In    controversies    respecting,    trial 

by  jury  preferable,  11 

Private,  not  to  be  taken  for  pub- 
lic use  without  compensation,         58 


Sec. 
Sale  of  corporate,  125 

Property   qualification  of  voters,  19 

General  Assembly  may  provide,  in 

local  elections,  30 

May  be  prescribed  by  Geneial  As- 
sembly, 31 
Prosecutions  for  crimes  and  offences 

regulated,  8 

Criminal,    defendant    has    right   to 
demand  cause  and  nature  of  ac- 
cusation, 8 
Punishments,     cruel     and     unusual, 

ought  not  to  be  inflicted,  9 

R. 

Railroad  Commissioner,  office  of, 
shall  cease  to  exist  on  organiza- 
tion of  corporation  commission,  \5Qk 
Recorded  vote,  shall  be  had  on  re- 
quest of  one-fifth  of  members 
of  General  Assembly,  49 

What  laws  require,  50 

Registrations,  when  held,  19 

Who     may     register,    previous    to 

January  1,  1904,  19 

Who  may  register,  after  January 

1,  1904,  20 

Roll  to  be  sworn  and  certified  to 
by    officers    and    filed    in    clerk's 
office  of  Circuit  Court  or  Corpo- 
ration Court,  19 
Persons  registered  not  required  to 
register  again  unless  they  have 
ceased  to  be  residents  of  State 
or   become  disqualified,  19 
Person  denied  registration  may  ap- 
peal, 1^ 
General   Assembly   to   provide    for 
annual,                                                      ^5 
Registration,  General  Assembly  shall 
provide   for    annual    registration 
and  transfers,  and  appeal  from 
and  correction  of,  25 
Person    entitled    to    vote    at    next 
election  admitted  to,  26 
Registrars  of  election,  how  appoint- 
ed and  who  not  eligible,  31 
Religion,  freedom  of,                            16,  58 
Residence   (see  Voters  and  Registra- 
tions) . 
Revenue,    appeal    allowed    Common- 
wealth  in   criminal  prosecutions 
for  violation  of  revenue  law,  8 
Rights,  Bill  of,                                           1-17 
Limits       only       those      expressed 
therein,                                                   17 

S. 

Sailors,    when    legal     residence    not 

gained,  '-'* 


84 


INDEX  TO  CONSTITUTION, 


Sec. 

Salaries,  of  Governor,  72 

Of    officers    of    Executive    Depart- 
ment to  be  fixed  by  law,  83 
Of  judges;  how  paid,                            103 

Scliools,    system    of     public,    to    be 

maintained,  129 

What    money    to    be    applied    to; 

how  apportioned,  135 

Local   taxes   for;    how   raised,   ap- 
portioned and  expended,  136 
When  free  text-books  provided,         139 
White  and  colored  children  not  to 

be  taught  in  same  school,  140 

Limitation  to   appropriations   to,     141 

School  districts   (see  Education). 

School  divisions   (see  Education). 

School  superintendents  (see  Educa- 
tion) . 

School  trustees    (see  Education.) 

Secretary  of  tlie  Commonwealth, 
election  and  duties;  disposition 
of  fees  collected  by,  81 

Senate,    number    of    members,    how 

and  when  elected,  41 

Qualifications  of  a  senator,  44 

WTien    it    may     choose     president 
j)7-o  ton.,  47 

Sergeant  of  city,  how  elected,  term 

of   ofliice,   duties,  120 

Services,  public,  no  man  entitled  to 
exclusive  or  separate  emolu- 
ments or  privileges  except  for,  4 

Sheriff,  how  elected,  110 

County  not  responsible  for  acts  of,  114 
To   post   copies   of   list   of   unpaid 
poll-taxes,   and   make   return   of 
same,  38 

Sinking  Fund,  how  provided  and 
maintained;  every  law  creating 
a  debt  or  authorizing  loan  shall 
provide  for  a  sinking  fund  for 
payment  of  same,  187 

Slaves,  children  of,   when  they  may 

inherit  property,  195 

Speaker  of   the   House   of   Delegates 

to  be  elected  by  the  House,  47 

Special  Court  of  Appeals,  General 
Assembly  may  provide  for,  how 
constituted,  89 

Speech,  freedom  of,  12,  58 

Soldiers,    when    legal    residence    not 

gained,  24 

State  Library,  how  managed:  who 
shall  appoint  lil)arian  and  em- 
ployees of,  132 

State  Treasurer,  election;    duties  to 

be  prescribed  by  law,  81 

"Stay  laws,"  General  Assembly  pro- 
hibited from  passing,         '  194 


Sec. 
Streets,  use  of,  by  corporations,  124 

Suffrage,  who  should  have,  6 

Superintendent    of    the    Poor    to    be 

appointed  as  prescribed  by  law,  110 
Superintendent  of  Public  Instruc- 
tion, qualifications,  how  and 
when  elected;  term  of  office;  va- 
cancy in  office,  how  filled;  duties 
and  compensation,  131 

Supervisors,   Board  of,   how   elected, 

time  of  meetings,  duties.  111 

General  Assembly  may  grant  by 
general  law  powers  of  local 
legislation  to,  65 

Supreme  Court  of  Appeals  to  con- 
sist of  five  judges,  three  of 
whom  may  hold  court,  88 

Jurisdiction;  what  cases  ajipeal- 
able,  88 

Absent  of  three  judges  required  to 
declare   a   law   unconstitutional,     88 

Opinions  to  be  written  and  pre- 
served, 90 

How  judges  chosen,  qualifications, 
terms  of  office,  91 

Officers  of,  how  appointed;  duties, 
terms  and  compensation  to  be 
prescribed  by  law,  92 

Places  of  session  to  be  prescribed 
by   law,  93 

Has  exclusive  jurisdiction  of  ap- 
peals from  corporation  commis- 
sion, or  to  interfere  with  or  en- 
join same,  156d 


50 


Taxation  founded  on  consent. 

Law  creating  tax  must  state  same 

specifically, 
Right  of  State  to  tax  corpora- 
tions or  corporate  property  not 
to  be  surrendered  or  suspended 
by  any  general  law  except  as 
authorized  by  Article  XIII.;  no 
private  corporation,  association 
or  individual  exempted  from 
any  general  law. 
Assessment    for    municipal,    to    be 

same  as  for  State  taxation. 
How    school    tax    levied    and    ap- 
plied, 135,  136 
And  Finance,  168-189 
Shall  be  general  and  uniform,  168 
Assessments  of  property  to  be  at 
fair  market  value;    General  As- 
sembly   may    allow     cities     and 
towns  to  impose  lower  rates  for 
a    period    of     years    on     certain 


64 


128 


INDEX    TO    CONSTITUTION. 


85 


169 


170 


170 
171 


172 


173 


Sec. 
land  than  on  other;  General  As- 
sembly  may   sef^regate   property 
into     classes    after    January     1, 
1913, 

Income,  license  and  franchise  taxes 
may  be  levied;  when  franchise 
tax  levied,  or  whole  capital  of 
corporation  taxed,  shares  not  to 
be  further  taxed, 

Wliat  taxes  for  street  or  other 
improvements  may  be  levied  by 
cities  and  towns  on  abutting 
property  owners, 

Reassessments  of  real  property 
for. 

Assessment  of  coal  and  other 
mineral  land, 

State  capitation  tax,  how  levied 
and  applied;  not  a  lien  superior 
to  poor  debtor's  law;  additional 
capitation  tax  may  be  allowed 
counties,  cities  and  towns;  how 
same  applied. 

Statute  of  limitations  not  to  run 
against  State's  claim  for  taxes; 
failure  to  assess  not  to  defeat 
subsequent  assessment  and  col- 
lection of  taxes  unless  property 
purchased  for  value  witliout  no- 
tice, when  taxes  may  be  collect- 
ed from  date  of  purchase, 

Of  real  estate  of  railroad  and 
canal  companies, 

Franchise  tax  of  railroad  and  canal 
companies,  177,  1/8 

When  sections  176-180  apply; 
General  Assembly  to  have  power 
to  change  system  if  inoperative,  181 

How  shares  of  banks  and  trust 
companies  taxed.  182 

What  property  shall  be  exempt 
from  taxation. 

Taxes  to  be  collected  by  proper 
officers  and  paid  into  state 
treasury. 

No  greater  amount  of,  shall  be 
levied  than  necessary  for  ex- 
penses or  to  pay  indebtedness 
of  State, 

Rate  of  state  taxation. 

General   Assembly   may   levy   spe- 
cial tax  for  pensions. 
Towns    ( see  Cities  and  Towns ) . 
Treasurer  of  county  or  city  shall  file 
with  clerk  of  Circuit  or  Corpo- 
ration Court  list  of  persons  who 
have    not    paid    poll-tax;     what 
such  list  to  contain, 
Of     county,    how    elected,    terms, 
qualifications, 


174 


176 


183 


186 


188 
189 


189 


38 


110 


Sec. 
Of  city,  how  elected,  terms,  quali- 
cations,  120 

Treasury,  how  money  to  be  paid  out 

of,  *  186 

Trial  by  jury,  defendant  in  criminal 

prosecutions  has  right  to  speedy,      8 

Trusts,  General  Assembly  shall  enact 
laws  preventing,  inimical  to  pub- 
lic welfare,  165 


Veterans  of  army  or  navy,  suffrage 
])rivilege  of  veterans  and  sons 
of   veterans. 

Of  civil  war  need  not  pay  poll-tax 
in  order  to  vote, 
Viva    voce     vote     in     representative 

bodies, 
Vote   in   Legislative   bodies   shall   be 

viva  voce, 
Voters,  qualifications  of,       18,  19,  20. 

Male  citizen,  twenty-one  years  of 
age,  who  has  been  resident  of 
State  two  years,  of  county,  city 
or  town  one  year,  of  precinct 
thirty  days  next  preceding  elec- 
tion, has  been  registered  and  has 
paid  poll-tax,  entitled  to  vote  for 
all  officers  elective  by  the  people, 

Removal  from  one  precinct  to  an- 
other in  same  county,  city  or 
town  shall  not  deprive  person  of 
right  to  vote  in  precinct  from 
which  he  has  moved  until  expi- 
ration of  thirty  days  from  re- 
moval, 

Not  disqualified  for  non-payment 
of  poll-tax  if  they  have  served 
in  army  or  navy,  etc.. 

What  persons  excluded  from  vot- 
ing. 

When  residence  as  to  suff'rage  shall 
not  be  deemed  gained, 

Privileges    of,    during   elections, 

May  erase  and  substitute  names  on 
ballot. 

Qualified  voters  eligible  to  any 
ofliee, 

Who    may    vote    in   primary    elec- 
tions. 
Voting  machines.  General  Assembly 

may  provide  for  use  of, 
Virginia  Polytechnic  Institute,  pres- 
i(l(Mit  to  be  ex-officio  member  of 
Roard    of    Agriculture    and    Im- 
migration, 

President  of  Board  of  Agriculture 
and  Immigration  cx-ofjicio  mem- 
ber of  Board  of  Visitors  of  Vir- 
ginia  Polytechnic  Institute, 


18 


18 

22 

23 

24 
29 

28 

32 

35 

37 

143 

146 


86 


INDEX   TO    SCHEDULE. 


W. 


Sec. 


Warrants,  when  grievous  and  op- 
pressive, and  ought  not  to  be 
granted, 


10 


Sec. 
Writs  to  run  in  name  of  "C!omraon- 
wealth  of  Virginia,"  and  to   be 
attested  by  clerk  of  court,  106 


INDEX  TO  SCHEDULE. 


-Sec. 
Actions,  writs  and  causes  of  action, 
rights,  etc.,  to  continue  except 
as  modified  by  Constitution. 
Jurisdiction  of  courts  to  remain 
unchanged  to  February  1, 
1904.  Transfer  of  causes,  etc.,  3 
Adjutant-General,  11 

Auditor  of  Public  Accounts,  11 

B. 

Board  of  Agriculture  and  Immigra- 
tion, 12 
Board  of  Education,  State,  12 
Board  of  Fisheries,  12 
Bond,  1 7 

C. 
Charters,  13 

Circuit  Courts,  7 

City  council,  members  of,  15 

City  courts,  terms  of  judges,  7 

Privileges    of    certain    judges    to 
practice  law,  7 

City  officers,  14    15 

Clerks  of  courts,  8 

Clerk  of  House  of  Delegates,  21 

Clerk  of  Senate,  21 

Commonwealth's   Attorney,  10 

Commissioner   of   Labor   and   Indus- 
trial Statistics,  11 
Commissioner  of  the  Revenue,               10 
Commissioner  of  State  Hospitals,          12 
Constitution,   oath   to   support,   who 
shall      take,      preservation      of 
blanks. 
Preservation  of  official  copy. 
Takes  effect  when, 
To  be  transcribed  in  a  book  and 
kept    in    office    of    Secretary    of 
Commonwealth, 
Certified   copy   to   be   delivered   to 
Governor, 
Corporation  Commission,  State, 
County  courts, 

Privileges    of    judges    to    practice 
law, 


22 
23 


23 

23 
12 

7 


D. 


Directors  of  Public  Institutions  and 
Prisons, 
Of  State  Hospitals, 


E. 


Electoral  Boards, 
Escheats, 


Fines, 
Forfeitures, 


G. 


General  Assembly,  extra  session  of. 
Powers,  duties  and  compensation, 
To  take  oath  to  Constitution, 
Governor,   certified   copy    of   Consti- 
tution  to   be   delivered   by    Sec- 
rotary  of  Commonwealth  to. 
Election,  term,  etc.. 
To  take  oath  to  Constitution, 
Proclamation  of,  what  same  shall 
contain, 

H. 

House  of  Delegates,  election  and  be- 
ginning of  term  of  members, 
Terms  of  present  members. 


Justices  of  the  peace. 
Judges  to  take  oath  to  support  Con- 
stitution, 

L. 

Laws,  common  and  statute,  to  re- 
main in  force,  not  repugnant  to 
or  repealed  by  Constitution, 

M. 

Manager  of  State  Prison  Farm, 
Mayor, 


Sec. 

12 
12 


11 
4 


19 
20 
22 


23 

9 

22 

24 


10 
10 


10 

0-7 


N. 


Notaries  public, 


11 
15 


11 


INDEX  TO  SCPIEDULE. 


87 


0. 


Sec. 


Obligations  to  Commonwealth,  cities, 

towns,  5 

Officers,   State,  when  elected,  begin- 
ning of  term,  end  of  term  of  in- 
cumbent, 9,  10,  11,  12 
To   take   oath   to   support   Consti- 
tution, 22 

Ordinances  of  Convention  to  have 
same  force  and  efl'ect  as  if  parts 
of  Constitution,  2 

Overseers  of  the  Poor,  10 


Penalties, 


Q. 


Qualifications  of  voters, 

R. 

Railroad  Commissioner, 
Register  of  Land  Office, 

S. 

Schedule,  takes  effect  when. 
School  superintendents, 
School  trustees, 
Second  Auditor, 


18 


11 
11 


25 
11 
11 
11 


Secretary   of   the   Commonwealth   to 
provide  blanks  for  oath  to  sup- 
port  Constitution, 
To   have   Constitution   transcribed 
in  a  book  and  safely  kept  in  his 
office. 
Deliver  a  certified  copy  of  Consti- 
tution  and    Schedule   to   Gover- 
nor, 
Senators, 
Sheriflf, 

Superintendent  of  the  Penitentiary, 
Superintendent  of  the   Poor, 
Superintendent   of   Public   Printing, 
Superintendents  of  State  Hospitals, 
Supervisors, 

Supreme  Court  of  Appeals, 
Surgeon  of  the  Penitentiary, 
Surgeon   of   State    Prison   Farm, 


22 


23 


23 
10 
10 
11 
10 
11 
11 
10 
6 
11 
11 


Taxes,    fines,    penalties,    forfeitures 

and  escheats,  4 

Trustees  of  State  Educational  Insti- 

tions,  12 

Treasurer,  term  of  present,  10 

V. 

Vacancies  in  office  to  be  filled  as  pre- 
scribed by  law,  16 

Visitors  of  State  Educational  Insti- 

tions,  12 


Members  Who  Served  in  the  Convention, 

beginning  June  12,  1901,  and  ending 

July  26,  1902. 


Anderson,  (Jeoige  K Alleghany  (  (ninty. 

*Allen,  Otway  S IJic-linionil  City. 

Anderson,  W.  A INickhridLie  County. 

Ayers,  Rnfus  A \N'isp  County. 

Barbour,  John  8 Culpepcr  County. 

Barham,  .Joseph  L Southampton  County. 

Barnes,  ,M.  11 New  Kent   (  nunty. 

Barnes,  Thomas  H Nansemond  County. 

Bhiir,  Robt.  W Wythe  County. 

Boaz,  W.  H Mhcmarlc  County. 

Bolen,  D.   \V Can-oil   County. 

Bouklin,  Wood    Halifax   ( 'ounty. 

Braxton,  A.  C Aui^usta   ( 'ounty. 

Bristow,  .T.  A Middlesex  County. 

Brooke,  D.  Tuekei'   Norfolk  City. 

Blown,  .John  Thompson    Bedfoid  County. 

Cameron,  William  E Petershui-y-  City. 

Campbell,  Clarence  -J Amherst   County. 

Campbell,  P.  W Washinyton  ( Ounty. 

Carter,  Hill Tlanovcr  ( 'ounty. 

Chapman,  Hunter  1' Shenandoah  County. 

Cobb,  W.  L Caroline  ( 'ounty. 

Crismond.  H.  F Spotsylvania  ( 'ounty. 

Daniel,  .Tohn  W ('ani])bell   County. 

Davis,  B.  A Franklin   County. 

Dunaway,  W.  F Lancaster  County. 

Earman,  (reorge  N Kockingham  County. 

Eggleston.  D.  Q Charlotte  County. 

Epes,  B.  J.    Dinwiddle  County. 

Fairfax,   Henry    jjoudoun    County. 

Fletcher,  Albert    Fauquier  County. 

Flood,  H.  D Ap])onuitto.\   County. 

Garnett,  C  T Mathews   Coiuity. 

C4ilmore,  .T.  W Rockbridge  County. 

Gillespie,  A.  P Tazewell   County. 

*EIectecl  in  place  of  Vlrginuis  Newton,  resigned. 


Glass,  Carter    Lynchburg  City. 

Goode,  John    Bedford  County. 

Gordon,  B.  T Nelson  County. 

Gordon,  James  W Richmond  City. 

Gordon,  R.  Lindsey Louisa  County. 

Green,  Berryman   Pittsylvania  County. 

Gregory,  Roger   King  William  County. 

Gwyn,  T.  L Grayson  County. 

Hamilton,  Alexander    Petersburg  City. 

Hancock,  B.  A Chesterfield  County. 

Hardy.  L.  A Lunenburg  County. 

Harrison.  T.  \\' Frederick  County. 

Hatton,   Goodrich    Portsmouth    City. 

Hooker,  J.  M Patrick  County. 

Hubard,  E.  W Buckingham  County. 

Hunton,  Eppa,  Jr Fauquier  County. 

Ingram,  J.  H Chesterfield  County. 

Jones,  Clagget  B King  and  Queen  County. 

Jones,  G.  W Pittsylvania   County. 

Keezell,  George  B Rockingham  County. 

Kendall.  Giimor  S Northampton  County. 

Lawson,  John  W Isle  of  Wight  County. 

Lincoln.  A.  T Smyth  County. 

Lindsay,  J.  H Albemarle  County. 

Lovell,  E.  H Madison  County. 

Marshall.  James  W Craig  County. 

Mcllwaine,  Richard   Prince  Edward  County. 

Meredith,  Charles  V Richmond  City. 

Miller,  C.  E Pittsylvania  County. 

Moncure,  Thomas  J Stafford  County. 

Moore,  R.  Walton   Fairfax  County. 

Moore,  Thomas  L Montgomery  County. 

Mundy,  James   Botetourt  County. 

*  Newton,   Virginius    Richmond    City. 

O'Flahei-ty,  D.  C \Varren  County. 

Orr,  J.  W Lee  County. 

Parks,  R.  S Page  County. 

Pedigo,  A.  L Henry  County. 

Pettit,  William  B Fluvanna  County. 

Phillips,  Nathan   Floyd  County. 

Pollard,  John  Garland   Richmond  City. 

Portloek,  W.  N Norfolk  County. 

Quarles,  J.  M Augusta  County. 

Richmond,  J.  B Scott  County. 

Rives,  Timothy   Prince  George  County. 

Robertson,  W.  Gordon   Roanoke  City. 

Smith,  Francis  L Alexandria   County. 

Stebbins,  Joseph    Halifax   County. 

♦Resigned. 


Stuart.  Henry  C Kiisscll    Coiiiity. 

Summers,  Jolin  C Wasliinoton  County. 

Tarry,  George  P :\Ieekl("nl)urg  County. 

Thorn,  Alfred  P Noifolk  City. 

Thornton,  J.  B.  T Prin<-e  William  County. 

Turnhull,   Rohert    Brunswick   County. 

Vincent,  Gordon  L (ireenesville  County. 

Waddill,  S.  P Henrico  County. 

Walker,  C.  Harding   Northumberland  County. 

Walter,  A.  C '■ Orange  County. 

Watson,  Walter  A Nottoway   County. 

Wescott,  N.  B Accomac  County. 

Willis,  J.  M Elizabeth  City  County. 

Wise,  George  D Richmond  City. 

Withers,  Eugene    Pittsylvania  County. 

Woodhouse,  Jonathan    Princess  Anne  County. 

Wvsor,  J.  C Pulaski  County. 

Yancey,  W.  T Rappahannock  County. 


AN   OKDINANCB 

To  proridi    far  llu    rnii-<l  nilinii   of  rnlrrs   niiilcr  III  is  ( '(iiislil  nlioii.  and 
jirioi'  In  llic  I/CHI'  iniiclccii  l/innliid  diid  four   {UiDJ/). 

It  is  ordniiird  ;!s  iollows:  rnii!  tlir  fii'st  day  (d'  .Iniuiary.  lunclfcii 
Inmdi'cd  and  four,  aU  votiTs  <liall  lie  rcii'lstered  in  nreordanci'  with  the 
reqnirenu'uls  of  this  ordinance,  as  rollows: 

Section  1.  Iie,uistration  shall  he  e()iidueic'd  in  eaidi  niai;-istt'i-ial  dis- 
trict of  every  county,  and  in  each  wa.i'd  of  every  city,  hy  a  hoard  of  I'cLiis- 
trars,  composed  of  tlu'ec^  eouiiictcnt  citizen-^,  resident  in  such  disliaci  or 
ward,  ap])ointed  as  liei'tinaftei'  ]iro\i(h-(l.  ca(di  of  wlioni  >hall  (Hiality  hy 
signin<i'  and  filing  witli  tlie  cdei'k  of  the  county  court  of  Iheii'  i-especlive 
counties,  oi'  the  c(n']iorati(ni  court  of  their  respective  citic-.  as  tlie  case 
nniv  he,  a  ])a])er  signifying  their  acceptaiu-e  of  theii-  appointineiil.  and 
wlio  shall  hold  ollice  until  the  lii'st  day  of  .lanuary.  nineleeu  hiindi-ed  and 
four;  except  that  in  the  citv  of  Bi'istol  there  shall  he  only  one  hoai'd. 
coni})Osed  of  tln-ee  conijietent  citizens  thert'of. 

The  hoard  shall  organize  hy  electing  one  of  its  niemhei's  chairman 
and  anotlier  seci'Ciary  of  the  hoaj'd. 

If  any  ])erson  ajipointcii  r<d'i!se  oi-  fail  to  (pnility  hy  the  lii'-l  day  of 
August,  nineteen  hnndred  and  two,  or  to  serve,  or  if  a  \acancy  occur 
in  such  hoard,  the  judge  o|'  tlu-  county  court  of  the  couniy,  or  of  the 
corporation  coni-t  of  the  city,  -'hall  hy  appointment  supply  the  pla.ce  o:- 
fill  such-  vacancv:  and  such  appointees  <hall  (pialilA-  in  the  same  inannei' 
as  those  appointed  hy  tliis  ordinanc(-. 

For  attendance  u]»on  the  ses-ions  of  the  l)oar(h  each  meinhcr  shall  re- 
ceive a  compensation  of  two  doll;ir<  per  d-Av.  ^^'hile  actually  engaged  in 
the  discharge  of  Ids  oiiicial  (hities  a,s  to  regi>tration,  each  nieinher  of 
anv  such  hoard  shall  ha\-e  the  authorit\-  and  ])owei--  irl'  ciuivci'witors  of  the 
peace  as  defined  liv  laws  existing  at  the  time  this  (U'dinance  ht'i'omes 
operative. 

Sec.  3.  Prior  to  tlie  fiiteenth  (hiy  of  ()ctoI)ei',  nineteen  hundi'cd  and 
two,  and  again  yudor  to  the  hl'teenth  dav  of  (*cto])e]'.  nineteen  hundred  and 
tlirec.  there  shall  be  a  gmeral  i-rgi-trat  ion  in  (\ach  of  the  ciiuuties.  cities. 
p.nd  towns  of  the  Stat*-;  and  each  hoard  of  registi-ai'>  I'i)!'  eacii  district 
and  ward,  prior  to  each  of  the  foregoing  dates,  -hall  c  in\cnc  and  sit  at 
some  place  and  time  to  he  designated  hy  it  in  each  precinct  in  it<  d'strict 
or  ward,  at  h^ast  one  (hiv.  from  eight  o'clock  in  the  iiKuaiing  to  -un-et 
in  the  connties.  and  from  twelve  o'clock  noun  to  nine  o  clock  I'.  M.  in 
cities  and  towns,  and,  at  such  other  ]ilaces  within  the  disti'ict  or  ward 
as  may  he  con^'enient  and  necessary  to  complete  the  registration  of  the 


2  REGISTRATION    BOARDS 

voters.  Ivicli  hoard  iimy  (Icteriniiic  whether  it  will  sit  consecutively  for 
the  period  lureal'ier  staled,  or  whether  it  will  sit  from  time  to  time  for 
such  miml>er  of  days  Avithiii  s;iid  ])eriod  as  it  may  determine.  At  the 
reu-islration  to  l)e  held  ])rior  to  the  fifteenth  day  of  October,  nineteen 
hundred  and  two,  the  niigregate  number  of  days  in  which  any  board  shall 
sit  wii:!]iii  nnv  one  district  or  ward  shall  not  exceed  fifteen  days:  and 
at  the  re,a-ist ration  to  be  had  in  the  year  nineteen  hundred  and  three,  the 
ag'gregate  number  of  days  in  which  any  board  shall  sit  within  any  one 
district  or  ward  shall  not  exceed  ten  day^.  The  judge  of  the  county  court 
of  a  countv,  or  of  a  corporation  court  of  a  city,  may,  on  the  motion  of 
the  boai'd,  extend  the  time  for  either  of  such  registrations  for  a  further 
period  or  time  to  l)e  determiiu'd  by  such  judge,  and  shall  fix  the  days 
for  such  registration. 

The  board  shall  give  at  least  twenty  days'  notice  of  the  time  and  place 
or  places  at  which  it  will  open  book-;  for  registration  at  any  precinct,  bv 
bills  posted  at  five  or  more  pulilic  places  in  the  precinct,,  and  also  by 
weekly  advertisement  for  two  successive  weeks  in  a  newspaper,  if  one 
bo  published  in  tlie  countv  or  city,  and  in  such  other  manner  as  it  may 
deem  exiiedient.  and  where  the  l)Ook-;  are  opened  for  more  than  one  pre- 
cinct, or  for  the  whole  distiict  or  ward,  tlien  like  notice  of  the  time  and 
place  shall  be  posted  in  five  or  more  public  phu-es  within  eacli  ])recinct. 
for  which  such  registration  is  held,  and,  advertised  by  pid)lication  as 
aforesaid. 

Sec.  3.  The  board  -ball  register  all  ])erson-;  who  apply  for  registration, 
entitled  to  register  under  this  Constitution,  ]irior  to  January  the  first, 
nineteen  hundred  and  four.  ;;nd  none  others :  and  it  shall  have  power 
to  administer  oaths  to,  and  c^xamine  Tinder  oath,  any  applicants  and  wit- 
nesses, and  to  receive  evidence  and  heai'  testimony  touching  rjualifieations 
for  registration. 

The  act  of  a  majority  of  its  members  shall  ho  the  act  of  the  hiard; 
and  a  majority  of  the  members  shall  constitute  a  rpiorum  f(n-  the  trans- 
action of  all  Ijusiness. 

Sec.  -±.  The  hoai'd  -hall  record  in  suitable  bonks,  hereinafter  pi'ovided 
for.  in  alphal)etical  order,  the  names  of  all  persons  registered,  the  date 
of  liirth  and  registration,  their  occupation  and  residence.  Separate 
bocks,  in  duplicate,  for  white  and  colored  voters  shall  be  kept  for  each, 
precinct;  one  of  each  of  which  shall,  after  the  completion  of  each  regis- 
tration, be  forwarded  by  the  chairman  of  the  board  to  the  clerk  of  the 
county  court  of  the  county,  or  of  tb.e  corporation  court  of  the  city,  to  be 
copied  in  a  proper  book  and  preserved  in  his  oflFice. 

Until  January  the  first,  nineteen  hundi'cd  and  four,  the  board  shall 
have  the  custody  and  keeping  of  the  other  duplicate  of  said  registration 


KK(;isTi;.\'n()X    i'.o.m.m  s  3 

books;  Init.  a  rcasoiialilc  liiiir  ^rlnrc^  ilir  clcciioiis  to  lir  lidil  in  nineteen 
Iiundred  and  Iwo  and  ninrtccn  Iniiidi-cd  and  llu'cc  the  Imnk-;  for  eaeb 
preeiiu-t  shall  be  delivered  lo  tbc  jndiics  apnoinlcd  at  >ncb  precinct  ti^ 
eonduet  said  elections,  and  tliev.  a  i-eas(nialde  Time  aflei-  said  tdeetions, 
shall  return  the  books  to  said  beard. 

After  the  first  dav  of  Januai'v.  nineleen  bnndre(l  nnd  I'nnr.  ihe  Ijoard 
shall  deliver  the  I'egisti'ation  buiks  lo  ibe  i)roi)er  reiii^t  I'alion  oilieers 
desio-nated  by  law. 

At  the  eonijib'tion  of  every  rei^i^ti'ation  conductiMl  by  it.  each  nienil)er 
of  the  hoa.rd  shall  si^-n,  and  ei'rtify  the  accuracy  of  the  ^a.nie  on  oalh, 
upon  tlie  ]'egistration  l)ooks. 

See.  o.  Viitil  Ibe  iir<t  day  nf  Januai'y.  nineteen  luindred  and  f(nii', 
if  anv  ])erson  so  res;-istered  sliall  move  lo  another  precinct,  he  sliall  l)e 
entitled  to  re.ij-ister  Lliei-ein  mi  tlie  ])ei-inanent  roll,  upon  a  n-ansfer  issued 
by  the  secretary  of  the  boaid.  bid'ore  wdncb  be  last  i'ep;islered  •  and  a  note 
of  such  transfer  shall  be  nnide  by  the  said  secretary  upon  the  permanent 
roll   in  bis  posses-'ion. 

Sec.  ().  An^■  jiei'son  who.  up<^n  bis  exjiniiiiaiion.  shall  wilfully  make  a 
false  statement  (d'  any  material  fact  aifecting  his  ((ualiticatimis  as  a 
voter,  shall  be  guiitv  of  ):)erju]T.  and.  u])on  conviction  therenl'.  shall  for- 
feit for  life  his  right  to  vote. 

Sec.  7.  Any  person  denied  registration  shall  have  the  right  to  apiieal. 
without  payment  of  wi'it  tax  or  giving  security  for  costs,  to  the  circuit 
court  of  the  county  or  to  the  corporation  court  of  tlie  city,  in  wdiicli  he 
offers  to  register,  or  to  the  judge  thereof  in  vacation,  by  presenting  to 
such  court  or  judge,  within  ten  davs  thereafter,  a  petition,  in  writing  to 
have  his  right  to  register  determined,  containing  a  statement  of  the  facts 
proved  before  said  board  :  to  wdncb  the  board  shall  make  answei-  in  writ- 
ing. The  matter  shall  be  heard  and  determined  upon  such  petition  and 
answer,  and  such  evidence  as  may  be  introduced  in  support  thereof. 
Such  proceedings  shall  take  ]u-ecedence  over  all  other  business  of  the 
said  court  or  judge,  and  shall  be  beard  as  soon  as  possible. 

Upon  the  filing  of  such  petition,  the  clerk  of  the  court  shall  at  once 
give  notice  to  the  Commonwealth's  attorney  for  his  county  oi'  city,  whose 
duty  it  shall  be  to  appear  and  defend  against  said  petition  in  belialf  of 
the  State. 

Judgment  in  favor  of  the  petitioner  shall  entitle  him  to  registration. 
From  judgment  rendered  against  him.  a  writ  of  error  shall  lie  to  the 
Supreme  Court  of  Appeals  in  favor  the  iietitioner. 

Sec.  8.  The  Secretary  of  the  Commonwealth  shall  have  prepared  suit- 
able books  for  the  registration  of  votei-s  and  forward  tlieni  to  the  clerk 
of  the  county  court  of  each  county,,  and  to  the  clerk  of  the  corporation 


4  KKGISTKATION    BOARDS 

court  of  cacli  oitv,  to  he  bv  them  distributed  to  the  several  boards  of 
reii'istrars  of  theii'  re>]K'etive  eounties  aud  eities. 

The  books  shall  be  sp  sp.-u-ed  and  ruled  as  to  provide  for  the  con- 
venient eutrv  of  tlie  umuber  aiul  uauie  of  the  voter,  in  alphabetical 
ordei',  his  a.o-e.  oecupatiou,  residenci'.  leuo'th  of  time  he  has  resided  in 
the  State  and  coiint\-  and  ju-eeinet,  and.  if  a  naturalized  citizen,  the 
date  of  his  naturalization  papers  and  the  court  by  which  issued,  if  known; 
;iiid.  if  reu-istered  as  a  voter  exempt  from  the  payment  of  a  poll  tax  as  i 
pi'erequisiie  to  the  riu'ht  to  vote,  under  section  twenty-two  of  the  Con- 
stitution. foT  tliC  statement  of  that  fact. 

It  shall  be  the  dutv  of  the  S(H-retary  of  Hie  C^onnmonwealth,  before  the 
twentieth  dav  of  July,  nineteen  hundred  and  two,  to  forward  to  each  of 
ihe  persons  chosen  by  the  C'onventi<.n  a<  mend)ers  of  the  several  boards 
of  registration,  a  certificate  showing  that  such  persfJU  has  been  so  chosen, 
which  certificate  shall  l)e  evulence  of  the  facts  therein  stated. 

Upon  the  i-eceipt  of  such  certificate.  th(>  member  of  the  registration 
board  named  tb.erein  shall  signify  his  acceptance  in  writing  to  the  clerk 
of  his  county.  <n'  the  cl"rk  of  the  hustings  or  corporation  court  of  his 
ci^y,  upon  blanks  to  be  furnished  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Commonwealth 

The  Secreta.ry  of  the  Commonwealth  shall,  with  said  certificate,  send  to 
each  member  of  said  boai'd  a  co]\v  of  the  Constitution  and  of  this  regis- 
tration ordinance. 

Sec.  9.  On  or  befoi'e  the  first  day  of  Se))teinlier.  nineteen  hundred  and 
two,  the  treasurer  of  each  county  and  city  shall  furnish  to  the  board 
of  registrars  of  each  district  or  ward  of  ids  cotmty  or  city,  a  certified  list 
umtaining  the  names  of  all  jiersons  within  such  district  or  ward  who,  for 
the  year  nineteen  hundi'cd  and  one,  have  paid  as  much  as  one  dollar 
in  state  tax  for  jiroperty  owned  by  and  assessed  against  them;  and.  on 
or  l)efore  the  first  day  of  September,  nineteen  hundred  and  three,  the 
said  treasurers  shall  furnish  to  said  boards  a  simil;;i'  list  of  those  who. 
for  the  year  nineteen  hundred  and  two,  have  paid  as  much  as  one  dol- 
lar in  state  tax  for  jn'operty  owned  by  and  assessed  against  them. 

Sec.  10.  The  books  and  Idank  forms  to  be  prepared  by  the  Secretarv  of 
the  Commonv/ealth  shall  be  provided  at  the  expense  of  the  State;  but  all 
other  costs  and  charges  of  registration,  including  postage,  stationery,  and 
unblication  of  notices,  shall  l)e  defrayed  by  the  counties  and  cities  in 
which  such  registration  is  held. 

Sec.  11.  To  conduct  the  registration  proxided  for  in  this  ordinance, 
the  persons  whose  names  a])])ear  l)elo\v  <h;dl  l)e.  and  thev  are  herebv 
appointed,  menibers  of  the  board  of  registrars  for  the  several  mads- 
terial  distiicts  and  wards  of  the  several  counties  and  cities,  as  follows: 


RKOISXRATION    ROARO^i 


ACCOMAC  COUNTY. 


Pungoteague  Magisterial  District, — Willinm  T.  Mason,  H.  13.  Wescott,  William 

M.  Turlington. 
Lee  Magisterial  District, — Thomas  C.  Kellam,  Robert  P.  Coleburn,  Wilbur  .1. 

Milliner. 
Metompkin  Magisterial   District. — .Joseph   R.   Riggs,  .1.   Harry   Rew,  Alljert  J. 

Rew. 
Atlantic   Magisterial   District. — S.   .J.   Itevell,   A,   Clinton   Matthews,   .James   E. 

Anderton. 
Islands  Magisterial  District. — John  A.  M.  Wheelton,  William  J.  Matthews,  A. 

Frank  Matthews. 

ALBEMARLE   COUNTY. 

Scottsville  Magisterial  District,— James  S.   Harris.  James  Starke.  T.  E.  Wil- 

hoit. 
Samuel  Miller  Magisterial  District,— A.  S.  Watson,  F.  H.  Via,  C.  E.  Gay. 
Whitehall  Magisterial  District,— Charles  L.  Wayland.  Thomas  White.  William 

Z.  Catterton. 
Ivy  Magisterial  District. — S.  A.  Calhoun,  Pe!er  W,  Garland,  Henry  G.  White. 
Charlottesville  Magisterial  District.- Rartlett  RolHng.  John  H.  Barksdale,  M. 

R.  Taylor. 
Rivanna  Magisterial   District.— H.  E.  Magruder.  William   H.  Bowcock,   W.   A. 

Marshall. 

ALEXANDRIA  COUNTY. 

AVashington  Magisterial  District, — William  N.  Febrey.  George  Ott  Wunder.  R. 
C.  L.  Moncure, 

Arlington  Magisterial  District, — ^Curti.^  B.  Graham,  William  Ball,  W.  W.  Doug- 
lass. 

Jefferson  Magisterial  District.— John  W.  Vr.rney,  Frank  Hume.  John  W.  Slater. 

ALLEGHANY    COUNTY. 

Boiling  Spring  District.— C.  B.  Hunter.  D.  J.  Callaghan.  J.  H.  McDevitt,. 
Covington  District,— \V.  A.  Rinehart,  H.  A.  Faulconer,  W.  E.  Allen. 
Clifton  District,— George  W.  Warren,  H.  E.  Meeks.  Robert  Robinson. 

AMELIA  COUNTY. 

Leigh  Magisterial  District.— John  T.  Southall,  C.  C.  Farley.  George  A.  Wiley. 
Giles  Magisterial  District— W.  E.  Griflith,  Bradley  S.  Johnson.  N.  W.  de  Krafft. 
Jackson  Magisterial  District, — M.  J.  Oliver,  E.  N.  Hamner,  R.  W.  Blanton. 

AMHERST  COUNTY. 

Amherst  Courthouse  Magisterial  District, — C.  B.  Christ'an.  B.  R.  Harrison.  G. 

Frank  Powell. 
Temperance  Magisterial  District. — T.  C.  Payne,  W.  T.  Watson,  Ed.  Lee  Ful- 

cher. 
Pedlar  Magisterial  District.— T.  B.  Wood,  H,  R.  Crist,  M.  B.  Kyle. 
Elon  Magisterial  District,— I.  P.  Whitehead,  P.  C.  Cabell,  W.  E.  Powell. 


6  RE(iISTKATION    BOARDS 

APPOMATTOX  COUNTY. 

South  Side  Magisterial  District,— R.  F.  Burke.  F.  L.  Martin,  A.  H.  Howerton. 
Clover  Hill  Magisterial  District,— W.  P.  Gills.  E.  P.  Sears,  J.  W.  Clark. 
Stonewall  Magisterial  District,— T.  J.  Stratton,  C.  H.  Coleman,  N.  R.  Feather- 
stone. 

AUGUSTA  COUNTY. 

South  River  Magisterial  District,— C.  Benton  Coiner,  .John  T.  Smith.  Samuel 
B.  Harper. 

North   River   Magisterial   District,— E.   G.   Crist.   M.    Bruce   Whitmore,   C.   H. 
Fulton. 

Beverly  Manor  Magisterial  District,— W.  P.  Gay.  W.  A.  McComb,  C.  F.  Neel. 

Riverheads  Magisterial  District,— J.   Marshall  McClure,   S.  A.   D.  McKee,  G. 
Lewis  Clemmer. 

Middle  River  Magisterial  District.— .James  T.  Kerr.  Samuel  H.  McCue,  John 
S.  Richey. 

Pastures  Magisterial  District. — James  W.  Seig,  D.  F.  Hoover,  John  W.  Mont- 
gomery. 

BATH  COUNTY. 

Warm  Springs  Magisterial  District, — S.  W.  Anderson,  William  M.  McAllister, 

J.  W.  Harper. 
Cedar    Creek    Magisterial    District. — William    G.    Payne,    C.    W.    Richardson, 

George  H.  Chaplin. 
Crawford  Mill  Magisterial  District. — Jasper  N.  Bradshaw,  Robert  M.  McClin- 

tic,  George  W.  Wallace. 
Millboro  Magisterial  District, — John  S.  Dickinson,  H.  R.  Lowman,  Stonewall 

Jackson  Armentrout. 

BEDFORD   COUNTY. 

Central  Magisterial  District.— John  M.  Early.  S.  R.  Watson,  W.  R.  Abbot,  Jr. 
Lisbon  Magisterial  District,— F.  C.  Otey.  H.  L.  Caldwell.  Gordon  Cofer. 
Chamblissburg    Magisterial    District. — J.    W.    Nimmo,    William    H.    Powers, 

Joseph  P.  Wright. 
Staunton  Magisterial  District. — Pinckney  Anthony.  John  W.  Hubbard,  C.  E. 

Carter. 
Otter   Magisterial    Districi.— Henan    T.    Wit:.    Thomas    G.   Read.    William    H. 

Wright. 
Bellevue    Magisterial    District.— T.    T.    Patterson.    Thomas    W.    White,    J.    P. 

Cannada. 
Forest  Magisterial  District,— Amandus  N.  Walker,  Jr..  A.  W.  Scott,  Wellington 

Ogden. 
Charlemont  Magisterial  District.— William  P.  Burks,  J.  T.  Noell.  R.  H.  Parks. 

BLAND   COUNTY. 

Sharon  Magisterial  District,— V.'.  B.  Allen,  Wythe  G.  Waddle.  Luther  Scott. 
Sedden  Magisterial  District,— R.  C.  Green,  L.  F.  Grayson,  Thomas  Dunn. 
Mechanicsburg  Magisterial  District,— W.  H.  G.  Harmon,  Meek  Tickle,  John  C. 

Mustard. 
Rocky  Gap  Magisterial  District.— Frazier  Stowers,  John  E.  Shrader,  George 

Stowers. 


KK(;1STKAT1()N     I'.dAliDS  i 

BOTETOl'RT  COl'XTV. 

Amsterdam    Miigislerial    District, — Marshall    F'aiUz,    Thomas     Gross,     J.     F. 

Gardner. 
Fincastle  Magisterial  District,— C.  W.  Woltz.  C.  W.  Iludisill,  M.  S.  Cahoon. 
Buchanan   Magisterial    Distiict,— W.   M.   Brewi;aker,   U.    H.   Hyde,   Charles   L. 

Williamson. 

BRUNSWICK  COUNTY. 

Powellton  Magisterial  District,— Ira  W.  Mitchell,  S,  P.  Caipeiiter,  A.  S.  Raw- 
lings. 

Meherrin  Magisterial  District, — P.  H.  Rawlings.  G.  B.  Harris,  N.  S.  Jones. 

Red  Oak  Magisterial  District, — John  Haskins,  i;.  S.  Samford,  S.  J.  \Vallace. 

Sturgeon  Magisterial  District, — D.  C.  Thomas,  W.  W.  Doyle,  James  A. 
Browder. 

Totaro  Magisterial  District,— W.  T.  Sledge,  W.  O.  Lashley,  S.  E.  Williams. 

BUCHANAN  COUNTY. 

Grundy  Magisterial  Distiict,— Alex.  Rnnyons,  W.  P.  McGlothin,  John  A.  Mc- 
Clanahan. 

Garden  Magisterial  District,— William  B.  McNiel,  W.  W.  Horton.  Emmett 
Combs, 

Rock  Lick  Magisterial  District,— Joseph  L.  Elswick,  John  W.  Lee,  Miles  Ells- 
wick. 

BUCKINGHAM  COUNTY. 

Mayesville  Magisterial  District. — J.  T.  Rogers,  L.  C.  Moseley.  P.  A.  Grigg. 
Curdsville  Magisterial  District,— Mathew  J.  Cox,  J.  T.  Bransford,  J.  W.  Farley. 
Slate  River  Magisterial   District,— M.   L.  A.   Moseley,  Robert  B.   Agee,  G.  W. 

Patterson. 
Marshall  Magisterial  District.— Roberc  H.  Miller,  T.  R.  Shaw,  Julian  Smith. 
Francisco  Magisterial  District,— W.  C,  Trent,  J.  O.  Morris,  E.  C.  Wooldridge. 
James  River  Magisterial  District,— J.  E.  Carter.  W.  P.  Ellis,  Price  Glover, 

CAMPBELL  COUNTY. 

Rustburg  Magisterial  District. — Frank  Nelson,  Adam  Clement,  G.  A.  Coleman. 
Seneca  Magisterial  District,— Mark  Anthony.  R.  C.  Havvkins,  W.  T.  Oaks. 
Falling  River  Magisterial  District,— L.  C.  Asher,  Thomas  Whately,  R.  E.  Mus- 

grove. 
Otter  River  Magisterial   District,— Thomas   Dillard,   Clark   M.   Kabler,   W.  W. 

Driscoll. 
Brookville  Magisterial   District, — H.  C.  Featherstone,  N.  J.  Floyd.  J.  T.  Fal- 

well. 

CAROLINE  COUNTY. 

Madison  Magisterial  District, — D.  J.  Waller.  G.  Allensworth,  W.  M.  Oliver. 
Reedy   Church   Magisterial   District. — Clarence   Bowers,    Arch    Samuel,   T.    R. 

Campbell. 
Bowling   Green   Magisterial    District.— S.   W.    Broaddus,    Eugene   Pitts,    J.    H. 

Martin. 
Port   Royal    Magisterial    District,— J.    B.    Washington,    C.    B.    Conway,    R.    C. 

Thornton. 


S  RPXilSTKATION    BOARDS 

CARROLL  COUNTY. 

Pine  Creek  Magisterial  District,— James  Dalton,  George  W.  Hyatt,  S.  A. 
Smith. 

Laurel  Fork  Magisterial  District,— C.  M.  Marshall,  W.  L.  Utt,  Franklin  Brans- 
come. 

Fancy  Gap  Magisterial  District,— M.  T.  C.  Mitchell,  Friel  Hawks,  John  A. 
Jones. 

Piper  Gap  Magisterial  District,— Thomas  J.  Huffman,  E.  P.  Givens,  James  W. 
Edwards,  Jr. 

Sulphur  Springs  Magisterial  District, — Adonijah  Lineberry,  W.  K.  Early,  Nor- 
man Gwynn. 

CHARLES   CITY   COUNTY. 

Harrison  Magisterial  District,— L.  A.  Marston,  W.  D.  Barnett,  Allen  Walker. 
Tyler  Magisterial  District, — Thomas  W.  Wilcox,  Thomas  L.  Christian,  John 

R.  Waddill. 
Chickahominy   Magisterial   District, — E.   H.    Slater,    Stanley   Parsons,    W.    L. 

Wilkinson. 

CHARLOTTE  COUNTY. 

Madison  Magisterial  District, — John  D.   Shepperson,  Walter  S.  Pugh,  G.  W. 

Berkley. 
Walton  Magisterial  District. — James  C.  Watkins,  Lee  W.  Morton,  J.  H.  Priddv. 
Bacon  Magisterial  District,— Berkley  D.  Adams,  Stith  Barksdale,  Charles  M. 

Broocks. 
Roanoke  Magisterial  District, — Frank  B.  Watkins,  Henry  W.  Harvey,  Henry 

C.  Marshall. 
Midway  Magisterial  District.— W.  G.  Cabannis,  J.  W.  Gilchrist,  T.  A.  Wilkes. 

CHESTERFIELD   COUNTY. 

J    Dale  Magisterial  District,— John  Penn  Taylor,  E.  A.  Swineford,  A.  J.  Gill. 

Clover  Hill  Magisterial  District, — Julian  A.  Salle,  Wilfred  Ira  Robertson,  Lu- 
cius A.  Sims. 

Midlothian  Magisterial  District, — Selwyn  Hancock,  John  A.  Lester,  C.  G. 
Whitworth. 

Matoaca  Magisterial  District. — W.  A.  Blankingship,  R.  E.  Eanes,  Waverly  S. 
Ivey. 

Manchester  Magisterial  District,- B.  P,  Owen,  Jr.,  Daniel  Bliley,  L.  W. 
Cheatham. 

Bermuda  Magisterial  District,— Charles  N.  Friend,  D.  M.  Walker.  Samuel  L. 
Perdue. 

CLARKE  COUNTY. 

Greenway  Magisterial  District,— George  C.  Meade,  Turner  Russell,  M.  H. 
Reardon. 

Chapel  Magisterial  District,— A.  V.  "Neville,  Samuel  J.  Wiley,  Charles  Jones. 

Battletown  Magisterial  District,— George  C.  Shepherd,  Thomas  Elsea,  J,  H. 
Powers. 

Long  Marsh  Magisterial  District.— B.  F.  Foley,  F.  H.  Pierce,  William  Mc- 
Donald. 


KEGISTKATIOX     IJOAKDS  V 

CRAIG   COUNTY. 

Newcastle    Magisterial    District, — Samuel    L.    Rulile,     William     A.     Charlton, 

James  H.  Caldwell. 
Alleghany  Magisterial  District,— Daniel  L.  Huftman,  Rohert  A.  Eakiii,  W.  P. 

B.   Lipes. 
Slmmonsville    Magisterial    District. — .\ll)ert    Ti'oiitt,    A.    McHenry    Caldwell, 

Miles  L.  Givens. 

CULPEPER    COUNTY. 

Stevensburg  Magisterial  District. — Leon  Nalle,  .John  M.  Shackelford,  D. 
Wright  Kelly. 

Cedar  Mountain  Magisterial  District. — Daniel  A.  Slaughter,  .James  W.  Gar- 
nett,  W.  Alexander  Taliaferro. 

Catalpa  Magisterial  District, — Lewis  P.  Nelson,  Jr.,  John  R.  Duncan,  Alex- 
K.  Wood. 

Salem  Magisterial  District, — John  M.  Lewis,  Frederick  E.  Porter,  Thomas  C. 
Howard. 

Jefferson  Magisterial  District,— W.  G.  Crigler,  F.  L.  Campl)ell,  Robert  R.  Dun- 
can. 

CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

Randolph   Magisterial    District,— B.   W.    I^.    Blanton,   A.    J.    Smith,    Thornton 

Holman. 
Madison  Magisterial  District.— Paul  McRae,  W.  L.  Guthrie.  Jr.,  J.  L.  Foster. 
Hamilton  Magisterial  District, — E.  J.  Harrison,  W.  J.  Jennings,  C.  R.  Saun- 

derson. 

DICKINSON    COUNTY. 

Clintwood  Magisterial  District,— John  W.  Kerr,  N.  B.  French.  W.  L.  Brown. 
Willis  Magisterial  District,— J.  M.  Artrip,  S.  H.  Senter,  George  Davis. 
Ervington  Magisterial  District, — R.  W.  Ervin,  H.  K.  Hillman,  David  Smith,  Sr. 
Ivena,dy  Magisterial  District, — Ira  Boggs,  John  W.  Hill,  Robert  Lee  Mullins. 
Sand  Lick  Magisterial  District,— T.  K.  Colly.  R.  D.  Sutherland.  K.  L.  Colly. 

DINWIDDIE   COUNTY. 

Rowanty  Magisterial  District, — John  Y.  Harris.  James  W.  Boisseau,  William 

F.  Baugh. 
Namozine  Magisterial  District. — J.  C.  Smith,  Andrew  Meade,  H.  C.  Lovett. 
Darvilles  Magisterial  District. — E.  S.  Hobbs,  E.  W.  Hudgins,  J.  A.  Frayser. 
Sapony  Magisterial  District,— E.  C.  Powell,  C.  E.  Abernathy,  J.  P.  Atkinson. 

ELIZABETH   CITY  COUNTY. 

Chesapeake    Magisterial    District, — H.    H.    Holt,    LeGrande    Donohoe,    David 

Johnson. 
Hampton  Magisterial  District. — S.  Gordon  Gumming.  F.  W.  Sheild,  J.  Wilton 

Hope. 
Wythe  Magisterial  District,— Sidney  J.  Dudley.  T.  H.  Parramore,  Scott  Wood. 

ESSEX   COUNTY. 

Occupacia  Magisterial  District, — W.  A.  Gresham.  Henry  Waring.  B.  B.  Spin- 
dle. 


10  REGISTRATION    BOARDS 

Central  Magisterial  District,— R.  C.  McDonald,  B.  C.  Rennolds,  C.  S.  Smith. 
Ilappahannock  Magisterial  District. — R.  G.  Carntliorn,  R.  H.  Seward,  R.  H. 
Dillard. 

FAIRFAX  COUNTY. 

Falls  Church  Magisterial  District  —George  Auld,  James  M.  Mason,  George  A. 

Brunner. 
Providence  Magisterial  District, — W.  P.  Moncure,  R.  E.  Berry,  John  R.  Stuart. 
Dranesville  Magisterial   District. — J.   H.    Hurst,    George   W.   Gunnell,   Robert 

L.  Harrison. 
Centerville  Magisterial  District, — James  P.  Machen,  Sr.,  J.  R.  M.  Gheen,  John 

M.  Ford. 
Mount  Vernon   Magisterial   District,— R.   C.   Triplett,   R.   W.   Gaillard,   Frank 

Reid. 
Lee  Magisterial  District, — Henry  D.  Rice,  Frank  Wooster,  John  W.  Raney. 

FAUQUIER   COUNTY. 

Centre  Magisterial  District, — L.  C.  Andrews,  W.  F.  Follin,  R.  C.  Murphy. 
Scott  Magisterial  District.— H.  H.  Hulfish,  H.  S.  Haines,  W.  A.  Rucker. 
Marshal!  Magisterial  District, — R.  I.  Russell,  John  M.  Ashby,  Ogden  Wood. 
Lee  Magisterial  District, — W.  S.  Herroll,  T.  T.  Jones,  John  K.  Taliaferro. 
Cedar  Run  Magisterial  District, — W.  O.  Bower,  S.  M.  Lomax,  H.  P.  Waite. 

FLOYD    COUNTY. 

Courthouse  Magisterial  District, — William  Pendleton,  L.  \V.  Hylton.  Charles 
Thomas. 

Burks  Fork  Magisterial  District,— C.  F.  Page,  W.  H.  Willis,  J.  E.  Burwell. 

Indian  Valley  Magisterial  District, — H.  C.  Hall,  Henry  Strong,  J.  L.  Kenley. 

Alum  Ridge  Magisterial  District,— H.  H.  Earles,  H.  M.  Boothe,  Wade  Thomp- 
son. 

Little  River  Magisterial  District, — W.  H.  Harman,  T.  L.  Robinson,  B.  Dicker- 
son. 

Locust  Grove  Magisterial  District.— W.  L.  Reed,  J.  H.  Shockey,  T.  H.  Walters. 

FLUVANNA  COUNTY. 

Columbia  Magisterial  District,— James  McC.  Miller,  John  W.  Holland,  R.  C. 

Bowles. 
Palmyra  Magisterial  District.— J.  Flint  Omohundro,  J.  Walter  Shiflett,  George 

Minor  Winn. 
Fork  Union  Magisterial  District.— R.  J.  Snead.  A.  S.  Burgess,  Virgil  Anderson. 
Cunningham  Magisterial  District.— B.  W.  Taylor,  W.  J.  Kent,  M.  G.  Davis. 

FRANKLIN   COUNTY. 

Rocky  Mount  Magisterial  District,— W.  T.  McGhee,  C.  P.  Preston,  W.  D.  Mar- 
tin. 

Snow  Creek  Magisterial  District,— T.  J.  Belcher,  Thomas  D.  Frith,  W.  P.  F. 
Lee. 

Union  Hall  Magisterial  District,— D.  H.  Berger,  Charles  Hodges,  W.  D.  Haynes. 

Gills  Creek  Magisterial  District,— A.  W.  Hutcherson,  J.  H.  Ferguson,  L.  M. 
Wright. 

Boubrook  Magisterial  District.— li.  A.  Lovelace.  M.  D.  Martin.  John  H.  Moore. 


KK(aSTRATrON     I'.OAKDS  11 

Little  Creek  Magisterial  District,— Tazewell  Helms.  J.  W.  Angell,  Leslie  Bell. 
Maggodee  Magisterial  District, — J,  O.  Abshire,  C.  W.  Mills,  Berkley  Price. 
BlackVv'ater   Magisterial    District, — E,    C.    Akers,    C.    T.    Jamison,    William    E. 

Price. 
Long  Branch   Magisterial   District,— Hughes   D.   Cannady,   S.   T.   Thomas,   W. 

A.  Thompson,  Jr. 
Brown  Hill  Magisterial  District, — S.  J.  Prillaman,  C.  L.  Ross,  D.  A.  Nicholson. 

FREDERICK   COUNTY. 

Shawnee  Magisterial  District, — John  M.   Silver.  David   Carpenter,  R.  J.  Wig- 

ginton. 
Opequan  Magisterial  District, — Briscoe  Shull,  "W,  T.  Birmingham,  Hugh  Funk. 
Back  Creek  Magisterial  District, — T.  W.  Morrison,  Meredith  Anderson.  J.  W. 

Himmelwright. 
Gainsboro  Magisterial  District, — R.  L.  Omps.  Jonah  Tavenner.  John  W.  Har 

per. 
Stonewall  Magisterial  District, — Clark  Purcell.  A.  Pine.  William  Timberlake 

GILES  COUNTY. 

Pearishurg   Magisterial    District.— E.    S.    Dennis.    S.    W.   Preston.    Charles   D. 

French. 
Pembroke  Magisterial  District, — Albert  Angel.  Harve  Phlegar,  Arthur  Snidow. 
Walker's  Creek   Magisterial   District,— S.   B.   Shannon,   S.  R.  Crockett,   T.   S. 

Taylor. 
Newport  Magisterial  District,— G.  T.  Porterfield.  Albert  Price.  John  S.  Dowdy. 

GLOUCESTER  COUNTY. 

Petsworth  Magisterial   District.— T.  F.  Perry.  W.  C.  Stublis.  J.  D.  Stubbs. 
Ware  Magisterial  District.— W.  A.  Rob'ns.  A.  M.  Pointer.  Rex  Hinkle. 
Abingdon  Magisterial  District,— J.  T.  Mills,  H.  L.  Bridges,  J.  W.  Pointer. 

GOOCHLAND  COUNTY. 

Dover  M^igisterial  District. — Henry  S.  Holland,  J.  V.  Bowles,  Leroy  D.  Ellis. 
Licking  Hole  Magisterial  District, — David  B.  Harris.  Julian  Kean.  H.  H.  Hoye. 
Byrd  Magisterial  District, — James  M.  Trice.  Rol)ert  Fisher.  Arthur  W.  James. 

GRAYSON  COUNTY. 

Elk  Creek  Magisterial  District.— W.  M.  Warren.  F.  H.  Ward.  E,  Scott  Hale. 
Wilson  Magisterial  District. — J.  A.  Phipps,  A.  N.  Hash.  A.  W.  Wagg. 
Old  Town  Magisterial  District,— Andrew  Carico,  And.  J.  Higgins,  W,  R.  Duf- 
phey. 

GREENE  COUNTY. 

Standardsville   Magisterial   District,— E.   D.   Davis.   B.   P.   Runkle.   George  W. 

Shelton. 
Ruckersville    Magisterial    District, — R.    B.    Simpson,    J.    D.    Yowell,    John    E. 

Douglas. 
Monroe  Magisterial  District.— Thomas  J.  Chapman.  John  D.  Early.  J.  H.  V7il- 

liams. 


12  REGIS  I'KATION     HoAKDS 

GREENESVILLE  COUNTY. 

Belfield  Magisterial  District, — R.  H.  Short,  Henry  Maclin,  J.  E.  Everet. 
Hicksford  Magisterial  District,— J.  H.  Robinson,  J.  J.  Garner,  J.  F.  Powell 
Zion  Magisterial  District.— Harry  Taylor,  J.  H.  Lifsey,  Ernest  Lashly. 

HALIFAX  COUNTY. 

Banister  Magisterial  District, — S.  .J.  Slate,  J.  M.  Carrington,  W.  Holt  Ed- 
munds. 

Meadsville  Magisterial  District, — Armstead  Barksdale,  Jr.,  J.  Carter  Glass,  T. 
E.  Dickerson. 

Mt.  Carmel  Magisterial  District, — A.  E.  Wilkins,  A.  A.  Owen,  J.  H.  Brandon. 

Red  Bank  Magisterial  District,— vV.  W.  Tuck,  John  T.  Torian,  R.  A.  Singleton. 

Birch  Creek  Magisterial  District,— C.  D.  Barksdale,  E.  B.  Wlmbish,  S.  T.  A. 
Kent. 

Roanoke  Magisterial  District,— C.  A.  Gregory,  Howell  C.  Lacy,  Tucker  C. 
Watkins. 

Staunton  Magisterial  District,— John  W.  Cousins,  E.  Y.  Wimbish,  T.  F.  De- 
Jarnette. 

Black  Walnut  Magisterial  District.— W.  C.  Slate,  G.  T.  Crowder,  C.  M.  Jordon. 

HANOVER  COUNTY. 

Beaver  Dam  Magisterial  District. — William  D.  Wickham,  John  Campbell,  H. 

C.  Redd. 
Ashland  Magisterial  Disirict,- M.  P.  Howard,  W.  C.  Taylor,  H.  L.  Quarles. 
Henry  Magisterial  District, — F.  H.  Holladay,  Thomas  R.  Puller,  F.  S.  Beale. 

HENRICO  COUNTY. 

Varina  Magisterial  District, — John  A.  Archer,  A.  L.  Cornw'ell,  Thomas  Guy. 
Tuckahoe  Magisterial  District.— H.  B.  Haley,  L.  P.  Michaels,  John  T.  Nuckols. 
Fairfield  Magisterial  District, — Thomas  J.  Carter,  W.  T.  Crawford,  Hugh  D. 

Smith. 
Brookland  Magisterial  District,  — Marshall  F.  Burton.  Harvie  D.  Goddin.  J.  W. 

Penick. 

HENRY  COUNTY. 

Martinsville  Magisterial  District,— C.  B.  Bryant,  H.  W.  Jamerson,  W.  H.  Hairs- 
ton. 

Ridgeway  Magisterial  District.— J.  B.  C.  Ambrose,  L.  A.  Starling,  A.  B.  Poin- 
dexter. 

Horse  Pasture  Magisterial  District,— W.  B.  Clark,  S.  W'.  Marshall,  D.  M.  Fry. 

Leatherwood  Magisterial  District, — T.  G.  Minter,  J.  M.  Eanes,  M.  E.  Minter. 

Reed  Creek  Magisterial  District, — Thomas  R.  Winn,  George  W.  Davis,  Sr., 
John  W.  Miles. 

Irisburg  Magisterial  District,— H.  M.  Land,  D.  F.  Dunlop.  W.  G.  Gravely. 

HIGHLAND   COUNTY. 

Stonewall    Magisterial    District,— John    0.    Armstrong.    W.    R.    Siron,    H.    T. 

Bradshaw. 
Monterey  Magisterial  District,— S.  B.  Seig,  John  A.  Whitelaw,  Don.   Sullen- 

berger. 
Blue  Grass  Magisterial  District.— John  K.  Kramer,  E.  W.  Armstrong,  Samuel 

A.  Gilmore. 


Rfc:(;iSTRATION    BOARDS  13 

ISLE    OF    WIGHT    COUNTY. 

Windsor  Magisterial  District, — R.  B.  White,  Jaclv  Saunders,  C.  F.  Joyner. 
Newport  Magisterial  District, — J.  E.  Vv'hite,  John  \Y.  Gray,  George  H.  Parker. 
Hardy  Magisterial  District.— Turner  S.  Reynolds.  W.  D.  Gwaltney,  William  E. 
Howie. 

JAMES   CITY  COUNTY'. 

Jamestown  Magisterial  District. — Jacob  Vaiden,  William  Lee,  B.  S.  Scott,  Jr. 
Stonehouse  Magisterial   District, — R.   E.  Taylor,   D.  W.   Marston,  George  W. 

Bacon. 
Powhatan  Magisterial  District. — H.  W.  Wynne,  Joseph  Bush.  F.  C.  Stewart. 

KING  GEORGE  COUNTY. 

Rappahannock  Magisterial   District, — H.  Potcs.  Henry  Hunter.  Allen  Smith. 
Potomac   Magisterial    District,— H.    T.    Garnett,    R.    W.    Coakley,    Dangerfield 

Ashton. 
Shiloh  Magisterial  District.i/sJ-  G.  Taliaferro,  C.  H.  Purks,  .Alexander  Pratt. 

KING  AND  QUEEN  COUNTY. 

Newton  Magisterial  District,— R.  D.  Bates.  J.  R.  Fleet,  W.  S.  Hill. 
Stevensville  Magisterial  District, — 1.  F.  Drain,  R.  D.  Allen,  A.  H.  Eubank. 
Buena  Vista  Magisterial  District,— Llewellyn  Courtney,  H.  W.  Bland,  J.  R.  F. 
Vaughan. 

KING  WILLIAM   COUNTY. 

West  Point  Magisterial  District, — Henry  Corr,  I.  H.  Richards,  I.  B.  Green. 
Acquinton  Magisterial  District, — William  Edwards,  John  H.  Haw.  A.  B.  Willis. 
Mangohick  Magisterial  District, — Joseph  H.  Gwathmey,  M.  D.  Sizer,  John  R. 
Redd. 

LANCASTER  COUNTY, 

White  Stone  Magisterial  District,— Joseph  B.  Cralle,  William  M.  Kirk.  Frank 

G.  Newbill. 
Mantua  Magisterial  District.- William  J.  Barker.  Herbert  P.  Hall.  Robert  0. 

Norris,  Jr. 
White  Chapel   Magisterial   District, — William   H.   Jesse,   James   P.   Saunders, 

William  A.  Saunders. 

LEE  COUNTY. 

Rose  Hill  Magisterial  District,— James  H.  Humphreys.  T.  S.  Suavely,  John  P 

Speak. 
White  Shoals  Magisterial  District. — John  F.  Headen,  Josephus  Grabeel,  Jame- 

B.  Smith. 
Jonesville  Magisterial  District.— C.  P.   Brown,  J.  P.  Albert.  Charles  J.   Robi- 

nett. 
Rocky  Station  Magisterial  District.— James  M.  Durham,  A.  K.  McClure,  James 

B.  Kirk. 
Yokum   Station  Magisterial   District.— J.   B.   Wolfe,   J.  K.   P.   Barron.   James 

Smith. 


14  KK(;rSTliATION     DOAKDS 

LOUDOUN  COUNTY. 

Broad  Run   Magisterial  District.— W.  L.  Ferguson,  Converse  Bridges,  J.  W. 

Johnson. 
Jefferson  Magisterial  District,— F.  J.  Beans,  J.  O.  Potts,  G.  G.  Gregg. 
Mount  Gilead  Magisterial  District,— W.   A.  McFarland,  J.   R.   Marshall,  J.  B. 

Vansickler. 
Mercer  Magisterial  District. — W.  R.  Keelen,  John  D.  Moore,  Henry  Saffle. 
Lovettsville  Magisterial  District,— H.  T.  Potterfield,  C.  W.  Everhart,  Hampton 

Virts. 
Leesburg  Magisterial  District.— C.  F.  Daily,  J.  E.  Kidwell.  William  Gaines. 

LOUISA   COUNTY. 

Green  Springs  Magisterial  District, — William  McComb,  William  Overton,  J. 
W.  Flanagan. 

Louisa  Courthouse  Magisterial  District, — N.  T.  Garth,  Romulus  Poore,  Freds- 
rick  Kean. 

Cuckoo  Magisterial  District, — William  Kean,  Robert  N.  Harris,  T.  E.  Beck- 
ham. 

Jackson  Magisterial  District, — R.  A.  Triie,  Anthony  Goodwin,  George  F. 
Harrison. 

LUNENBURG  COUNTY. 

Loch  Leven  Magisterial  District. — Wellington  Featherston,  S.  J.  Hite,  Walter 

Neblett. 
Columbian  Grove  Magisterial   District, — R.  Lee  Thomas,  W.   H.   Hawthorne, 

S.  H.  Love. 
Brown's  Store  Magisterial  District, — Theodore  Orgain,  Garland  Bailey,  L.  J. 

Hamlin. 
Lewiston  Magisterial  District, — J.  T.  Waddill.  Lula  Gee,  Austin  Fowlkes. 
Rehoboth  Magisterial  District. — W.  A.  Bigger,  S.  A.  Harding,  E.  J.  Gregory. 
Pleasant    Grove    Magisterial    District, — W.    N.    Love,    W.    Y.    Fowlkes,    J.    A. 

Shackleton. 

MADISON  COUNTY. 

Robertson  Magisterial  District, — Charles  O.  Simms.  J.  N.  Clore,  J.  L.  Fray. 
Rapidan  Magisterial  District,— C.  E.  Kite,  John  W.  Price,  W.  L.  Payne. 
Locust  Dale  Magisterial  District, — Lester  Hill.  C.  D.  Twyman,  John  B.  Graves. 

MATHEWS  COUNTY. 

Chesapeake    Magisterial    District,— F.    W.    Jarvis,    J.    A.    Weston.    Alexander 

James. 
Westville  Magisterial  District,— John  J.  Burke,  R.  L.  McCready,  B.  M.  Diggs. 
Piankitank  Magisterial  District,— Stephen  Adams,  Charles  S.  Williams.  Frank 
R.    Landon. 

MECKLENBURG  COUNTY. 

Boydton  Magisterial  District,— James  L.  Toon,  H.  L.  Turpin,  R.  R.  Jeffreys. 
Blue  Stone  Magisterial  District,— M.  Garnette  Russell,  T.  Y.  Allen,  Henry  A. 
Walker. 


RKGISTRATTON    BOARDS  15 

Chase   City   Magisterial    District. — Lucius   Gregory.    J.    Jordan    Mason,   T.   E. 

Roberts. 
Buckliorn  Magisterial  District — H.  L.  Petty,  S.  B.  Johnson,  James  P.  Reekes. 
South   Hill   Magisterial   District. — John   E.   Mathews,   Rol)ert  J.   Northington. 

B.  B.  Smith. 
Flat  Creek  Magisterial  District, — W.  Andrew  Elam.  W.  R.  Baskervill.  Richard 

A.  Elam. 

Palmer's  Springs  Magisterial  District, — S.  L.  Graham,  E.  L.  Raskins,  George 

L.  Hayes. 
Clarksville  Magisterial  District,— Lewis  B.  Gillilland.  Jr.,  R.  W.  Elam.  J.  O. 

Rainey. 

MIDDLESEX  COUNTY. 

Jamaica  Magisterial  District, — W.  E.  Kain.  George  R.  Northam,  Burke  Rich- 
ardson. 
Saluda  Magisterial   District, — John   R.   Ferneyhough,   Herbert  L.   Smither,   R. 

B.  Segar. 

Pine  Top  Magisterial  District — E.  W.  Bristow,  F.  E.  Topping,  James  Grennels. 

MONTGOMERY  COUNTY. 

Alleghany  Magisterial  District, — ^E.  H.  Taylor,  Edward  D.  Colhoun,  D.  C.  Lan- 
caster. 

Auburn  Magisterial  District, — P.  H.  Kinser,  Warren  L.  Caiper,  John  Sarles. 

Blacksburg  Magisterial  District, — Byrd  Anderson,  J.  R.  K.  Cowan,  Howe 
Brown. 

Christiansburg  Magisterial  District. — Jesse  A.  Miller,  R.  D.  M.  Charlton,  G.  W. 
Fagg. 

NANSEMOND  COUNTY. 

Sleepy  Hole  Magisterial  District, — James  Arthur.  John  S.  Bond,  Reginald 
Wright. 

Chuckatuck  Magisterial  District, — James  P.  Rives,  C.  F.  Pinner.  A.  W.  Bal- 
lard. 

Holy  Neck  Magisterial  District,— E.  B.  Britt,  J.  K.  P.  Daughtrey,  John  F. 
Rawls. 

Cypress  Magisterial  District, — M.  F.  Lloyd,  A.  C.  Milteer,  Fairlee  Brinkly. 

NELSON   COUNTY. 

Lovingston  Magisterial  District, — John  L.  Snead,  T.  B.  M.  Perkins,  Coleman 

J.  Cabell. 
Massie's  Mill   Magisterial   District, — George  W.   Whitehead.   John    I.   Loving. 

William  H.  Hight. 
Rockfish  Magisterial  District,— Hudson  Martin.  T.  L.  Kent.  Jr.,  W.  N.  West. 

NEW  KENT  COUNTY. 

Black  Creek  Magisterial  District. — R.  W.  Hollins,  J.  R.  Dobson,  Gregory  W. 
Fisher. 

St.  Peter's  Magisterial  District, — J.  P.  Smithie,  George  Sweet.  George  Mount- 
castle. 


26  REGISTRATION    BOARDS 

Cumberland  Magisterial  District— R.  D.  Cook,  Norwood  Apperson.  H.  C.  Tay- 
lor. 
Ware  Creek  Magisterial  District,— Sylvanus  Goddin.  Robert  Boswell,  William 

F.  Martin. 

NORFOLK  COUNTY. 
Washington   Magisterial    District.— M.    C.    Keeling,    J.    P.    Jackson,    Edmund 

Christian. 
Butt's  Road  Magisterial  District,— George  S.  Fentress,  W.  B.  Keeling,  L.  F. 

Cason. 
Pleasant  Grove  Magisterial  District,— John  T.  V>'est,  V,'.  C.  Wood,  H.  W.  West. 
Deep  Creek  Magisterial  District,— S.  W.  Gary,  "John  G.  McCoy,  W.  W.  Harris. 
Western  Branch  Magisterial  District,— George  Lindsay,  J.  W.  Bidgood,  C.  W. 

Coleman. 
Tanner's  Creek  Magisterial  Discrict.— E.  Vv\  Savage,  J.  F.  Coleman.  Edward 

Holland. 

NORTHAMPTON   COUNTY. 

Franktown  Magisterial  District— J.  Alma  Smith,  George  H.  Thomas,  Thomas 
T.  Upshur. 

Eastville  Magisterial  District,— G.  Frederick  Floyd,  Philip  A.  Fitzhugh,  Ben- 
jamin  Thomas. 

Capeville  Magisterial  District.— George  B.  Taylor,  William  D.  Williams,  Jesse 
S.   Nottingham. 

NORTHUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

J.ottsburg  Magisterial  District.— Giles  F.  Eubank,  Slater  Cowart,  Charles  U. 
Warner. 

Jleathsville  Magisterial  District.— J.  A.  Rice,  W,  D.  Cockrell,  Samuel  E.  Head- 
ley. 

Fairfields  Magisterial  District,— J.  W.  Tankard.  Morean  Blackwell,  A.  F.  Rice, 

Wicomico  Magisterial  District,— Edgar  Blackwell.  Warner  Hurst,  Oscar  Kent. 

NOTTOWAY  COUNTY. 

Bellefonte  Magisterial  District,— Richard  Belville.  B,  E.  Cobb,  Irby  Moncure. 
Blendon  Magisterial  District.— John  B,  Tuggle,  Thornton  Jeffress,  C.  D.  Epes. 
Winningham  Magisterial  District,— vr.  T.  Warriner,  E.  F.  Lockett,  D,  P,  Mc 

Cormick. 
Haytokah  Magisterial  District,— W.  H.  Jeffress,  J.   L.  Vaughan,  William   B. 

Green. 

ORANGE  COUNTY. 

Barbour  Magisterial  District.— Bennett  Bledsoe,  George  E.  Head,  E.  R.  Rohr. 
Madison  Magisterial  District,— W.  O.  Blakey,  R.  D.  Browning.  E.  C.  Cook. 
Taylor  Magisterial  District. — P.  L.  Jackson.  G.  E.  Waugh,  James  Duncan, 
Gordon  Magisterial  District.— P.  M.  Gibbs,  Lindsay  Almond,  T.  B.  Morris. 

PAGE   COUNTY. 

Shenandoah  Iron  Works  Magisterial  District. — Thomas  M.  Keyser,  George  A. 
Keyser,  Isaac  Shuler. 


REGISTRATION    BOARDS  17 

Marksville   Magisterial    District, — Tliomas   J.    Graves,    .Toliii    H.    Cave,    .J.    W. 

Long. 
Luray  Magisterial  District, — R.  C.  Bragonier,  N.  13.  Smith,  .John  A.  Ellis. 
Springfield    Magisterial    District,— W.    H.    Griffith,    L.    C.    Kiblor,    George    W. 

Keyser. 

PATRICK    COUNTY. 

Mayo  River  Magisterial  District, — R.  L.  Joyce,  .T.  R.  Roaz,  .John  P.  Tatiim. 
Dan  River  Magisterial  District, — R.  H.  Diinkley,  D.  G.  Smith,  S.  G.  Dobyns. 
Smith's  River  Magisterial  District, — A.  C.  Turner,  William  P.  Thompson,  J. 
F.  Reynolds. 

PITTSYLVANIA  COUNTY. 

Banister    River    Magisterial    District, — H.    P.    Ferguson,    Samuel    F.    Brown, 

Samuel  R.  Stone. 
Callands  Magisterial  District, — James  M.  Francis,  H.  E.  Clements,  M.  A.  Par- 

rish. 
Chatham  Magisterial  District, — J.  Lawson  Carter,  James  A.  Davis,  Henry  C. 

Allen. 
Dan  River  Magisterial  District, — Jesse  I.  White,  Edward  Williams,  R.  L.  Dod- 

son. 
Pigg  River  Magisterial   District. — A.   C.   Owen,   C.   Q.   Edwards,   W.   Tazewell 

Jefferson. 
Staunton  River  Magisterial  District. — H.  Clay  Harvie,  Samuel  L.  Smith.  John 

D.    Glenn. 
Tunstall  Magisterial   District,— Samuel   H.   Boyd,   B.   F.   Garrett,   Thomas  J. 

Robertson. 

POWHATAN  COUNTY. 

Hugenot  Magisterial  District, — William  A.  Winfree,  David  E.  Harris,  S.  Lee 

Dance. 
Spencer  Magisterial  District, — Enders  Word,  James  Polk  Simpson,  R.  R.  Lee. 
Macon  Magisterial  District, — George  S.  Hurt,  James  P.  Steger,  Joseph  Hobson. 

PRINCE   EDWARD   COUNTY. 

Hampden  Magisterial  District, — R.  E    Stokes,  Samuel  Lacy,  George  W.  Redd. 
Lockett  Magisterial  District.— B.  H.  Ligon,  W.  L.  Clark,  E.  T.  Bondurant. 
Farmville  Magisterial  District, — A.  R.  Venable,  Jr.,  W.  H.  Richardson,  Peter 

Winston. 
I^eigh  Magisterial  District, — J.  J.  Gilliam,  W.  S.  Dance,  L.  D.  Jones. 
Buffalo  Magisterial  District,— J.  P.  Glenn,  Charles  A.  Morton.  W.  B.  Binford. 

PRINCE  GEORGE   COUNTY. 

Templeton  Magisterial  District, — C.  N.  Lee,  Thomas  Temple,  J.  H.  Hatch.  Jr. 
Rives  Magisterial  District. — R.  T.  Reese,  W.  H.  C.  Spicer.  Frank  B.  McCann. 
Blackwater  Magisterial  District, — T.  A.  Brown,  F.  A.  Epps,  J.  C.  Fenn. 
Bland  Magisterial  District. — George  J.  Boisseau,  J.  F.  James,  Thomas  A.  Munt. 
Brandon  Magisterial  District, — Mann  Page,  George  T.  Darricott,  N.  H.  Burrow. 


18  REGISTRATION    EOARPS 

PRINCESS  ANNE  COUNTY. 

Kempsviile  Magisterial  District,— T.  H.  Hoggard,  Walter  H.  Smith,  Grandy  L.. 

Jackson. 
Seaboard  Magisterial  District,— C.  T.  Chaplain,  W.  T.  Braithwaite,  A.  Sawyer 

Woodhouse. 
Piingo  Magisterial  District,— W.  J.  Craft,  .1.  .J.  Whitehiirst,  E.  T.  Humphries. 

PRINCE  WILLIAM  COUNTY. 

Dumfries  Magisterial  District,— J.  F.  Wheat,  E.  G.  W.  Keys,  D.  C.  Alexander. 
Occoquan  Magisterial  District,— John  S.  Powell,  E.  P.  Davis,  W.  B.  Glascock. 
Coles  Magisterial  District,— Samuel  R.  Lowe,  Jr.,  John  S.  Storke,  George  M. 

Goodwin. 
Brentsville    Magisterial    District, — D.    P.    Edmonds,    J.    P.    Manuel,    John    A. 

Brawner. 
Manassas   Magisterial   District, — William   N.   Lipscomb.   David   J.  Arrington, 

William  M.  Wheeler. 
Gainesville  Magisterial  District,— George  G.  Galleher,  A.  H.  Johnson,  William 

H.  Brown. 

PULASKI   COUNTY. 

Pulaski  Magisterial  District,— J.  B.  Caddall,  C.  B.  Tate,  J.  D.  Askew. 
Newbern  Magisterial  District, — J.  R.  Micou,  J.  A.  Pratt,  D.  M.  Painter. 
Dublin  Magisterial  District, — W.  W.  Hawkins,  W.  H.  Ricketts,  W.  A.  Chum- 

bley. 
Hiawassie  Magisterial  District, — F.  I.  Smith.  Robert  Vaughn,  A.  M.  Graham. 

RAPPAHANNOCK  COUNTY. 

Wakefield  Magisterial  District. — Judson  Browning.  C.  C.  Eastham,  Robert  H. 

Ricketts. 
Jackson  Magisterial  District, — J.  J.  Silvey,  John  Hunton  Wood,  M.  Ritenour. 
Hampton  Magisterial  District, — J.  B.  Wood,  B.  R.  Miller,  Charles  Green. 
Piedmont  Magisterial   District, — James   H.   Fletcher,  Carroll  Menefee,   P.   H. 

O'Bannon. 
Hawthorne  Magisterial  District. — Robert  Vanhorn.  J.  J.  Miller,  John  Coats. 
Stonewall  Magisterial  District, — Charles  Browning,  J.  G.  Brown,  G.  B.  Mason. 

RICHMOND    COUNTY. 

Stonewall   Magisterial    District,— A.    A.    Taliaferro,    G.    W.    Balderson,    T.    D. 

Marks. 
Marshall  Magisterial  District,— G.  M.  Sydnor.  J.  F.  Garland,  W.  Y.  Morgan. 
Washington  Magisterial  District,— P.  Y.  Barber,  B.  B.  Griffith,  W.  A.  Bryant. 
Farnham  Magisterial  District, — J.  L.  Motley,  R.  C.  Lumpkin,  W.  H.  Rice. 

ROANOKE  COUNTY. 

Big  Lick  Magisterial  District.— W.  G.  Wood,  G.  W.  Gish,  M.  L.  Fellers. 
Catawba  Magisterial  District,— N.  D.  Barnett,  E.  C.  Thomas,  D.  H.  SheloT. 


rp:gistkation  boards  19 

Cave   Spring   Magisterial    District, — J,    Coles   Terry,    L.    I^.    Greenwood.   John 

Persinger. 
Salem  Magisterial  District, — O.  L.  Stearns,  A.  O.  Brown,  H.  B.  Pleasants. 

ROCKBRIDGE  COUNTY. 

South  River  Magisterial  District,— W.  T.  Moore,  C.  J.  Bell,  J.  H.  McCormick. 
Lexington  Magisterial  District,— S.  B.  Walker,  G.  A.  Jones,  W.  T.  Tolley. 
Kerr's  Creek  Magisterial  District, — Daniel  Teaford,  Charles   Lindsay,  D.  U. 

Hart. 
Buffalo  Magisterial  District,— J.  W.  Saville,  A.  H.  Wilson,  J.  A.  Wilkinson. 
Natural  Bridge   Magisterial    District,— J.    W.    Burger,   J.   H.   Overton,    W.   A. 

Mohler. 
Walker's  Creek  Magisterial  District, — J.  B.  Wood,  Ham  Wade,  J.  F.  Deacon. 

ROCKINGHAM  COUNTY. 

Ashby  Magisterial  District, — Peter  C.  Tutweiler,  Joseph  F.  Craun,  Joseph  G. 

Meyers. 
Linville  Magisterial  District, — Joseph  L.  Humbert.  David  Wenger,  David  M. 

Hollar. 
Plains  Magisterial  District, — John  W.  Harrison,  Charles  E.  Fahrney,  Charles 

S.  Wunder. 
Stonewall  Magisterial  District, — John  W.  Blackburn,  Joseph  A.  Hammen,  S. 

M.  Yancey. 
Central  Magisterial   District, — J.  W.   Sheets,   George  R.   Eastham,   George  G. 

Herring. 

RUSSELL  COUNTY. 

Lebanon  Magisterial  District,— J.  J.  Gilmer,  A.  F.  Hurt,  W.  H.  Fuller. 

Elk  Garden  Magisterial  District.— H.  W.  Martin,  Sylvester  Albert,  Charles  W. 
Belcher. 

New  Garden  Magisterial  District, — Boston  Steele,  Thomas  P.  Robinson,  M. 
H.    Burnett. 

Cleveland  Magisterial  District, — J.  S.  Tate,  Richard  D.  Smith,  Lillmrn  Fin- 
ney. 

Castlewood's  Magisterial  District. — John  T.  Candler,  Robert  Cooper,  W.  C. 
Grigsby. 

Copper  Creek  Magisterial  District, — E.  M.  Ireson,  Joseph  W.  Bostick,  Henry 
Steele. 

Moccasin  Magisterial  District, — John  Hanson,  Cline  Tate,  Edward  Kitchen. 

SCOTT  COUNTY. 

Estillville  Magisterial  District, — Ezra  Carter,  J.  L.  Shelton,  John  M.  Jennings. 

Fulkerson  Magisterial  District, — George  W.  Latture.  J.  H.  Hylton,  Joel  Shelly. 

Johnson  Magisterial  District, — James  H.  Shoemaker,  John  F.  McConnell, 
Charles  W.   Bond. 

Floyd  Magisterial  District, — Patrick  Hagan,  Jr.,  Floyd  Osborn,  B.  T.  Culber- 
son. 


20  REGISTRATION    BOARDS 

Dekalb  Magisterial  District,— James  M.  Harris,  W.  P.  Ramey,  W.  B.  Franklin. 
Taylor  Magisterial  District,— S.  L.  Cox,  Rufus  Kilgore,  J.  F.  Richmond. 
Powell  Magisterial  District,— C.  C.  Johnson,  C.  C.  Palmer,  Roten  Hurst. 

SHENANDOAH  COUNTY. 

T.ee  Magisterial  District,— G.  A.  Guard,  B.  F.  Garber,  D.  Saylor  Neff. 
Madison  Magisterial  District,— E.  T.  Smith,  A.  B.  Clinedinst,  J.  W.  Hollar. 
Johnson  Magisterial  District,— J.  A.  Dysart,  William  Keller,  Charles  M.  Golla- 

day. 
Ashby  Magisterial  District.— Joseph  H.  Ruby,  J.  G.  Neff,  Ira  Brinker. 
Stonewall   Magisterial   District.— George   W.   Miley,   Martin   F.   Snarr,   D.   F. 

Spiker. 
Davis  Magisterial  District,— William  Green.  George  H.  Snarr,  J.  W.  Eberly. 

SMYTH  COUNTY. 

Marion  Magisterial  District,— Henry  B.  Haller,  John  T.  Fry,  James  A.  Grose- 
close. 

Rich  Valley  Magisterial  District,— J.  D.  Buchanan,  Joseph  Roberts,  George 
P.  Phipps. 

St.  Clair  Magisterial  District,— T.  K.  McKee,  Robert  C.  Williams,  Albert  P. 
Killinger. 

SOUTHAMPTON  COUNTY. 

Boykin's  Magisterial  District,— W.  P.  Gillette,  W.  J.  Gillette,  E.  C.  Majette. 
Newsom's  Magisterial  District, — James  R.  Darden,  George  W.  Prince,  C.  F. 

Whitfield. 
Dreyryville  Magisterial  District, — R.  N.  Musgrove,  R.  H.  Crichton,  J.  Gillette 

Claud. 
Franklin  Magisterial  District,— W.  H.  Arthur,  R.  B.  Bryant,  A.  M.  Brownly. 
Jerusalem  Magisterial  District, — R.  B.  Joyner,  J.  L.  Cobb,  John  N.  Sebrell,  Sr. 
Berlin  and  Ivor  Magisterial  District, — W.  W.  White,  A.  M.  Atkins,  J.  C.  Davis. 

SPOTSYLVANIA  COUNTY. 

Courtland  Magisterial  District, — S.  G.  Howison,  G.  W.  Clarke,  John  J.  Brooks. 
Chancellor  Magisterial  District,— L.  M.  Estes,  E.  H.  C.  Bailey,  J.  B.  Trigg. 
Livingston  Magisterial  District, — E.  W.  Smith,  M.  F.  Waite,  R.  L.  Biscoe. 
Berkley  Magisterial    District, — L.   G.   Maddox,   C.   Richelieu   Coleman,    L.   P. 
Chewning. 

STAFFORD  COUNTY. 

Hartwood  Magisterial  District,— J.  M.  Hull.  C.  J.  Chartters,  Andrew  Briggs. 
Rock  Hill  Magisterial  District, — Eddy  L.  Stern,  Thompson  S.  Briggs,  Nelson 

T.  Shacklett. 
Aquia  Magisterial  District,— James  Ashby,  Robert  E.  Duvall,  Jack  F.  Clift. 
Falmouth  Magisterial  District,— D.  M.  Lee,  C.  F.  Towson,  Jack  L.  Gouldin. 


ItKGISTltATlON     J'.OAKDS  21 

SURRY  COUNTY. 

Blackwater   Magisterial    District,— S.    IJ.    15arliaui,   Jr.,    G.   F.    Maynard,   J.   E. 

Rogers. 
Guilford  Magisterial  J:)istrict,— J.  W.  Rodgers,  Jesse  B.  Riggan,  J.  O.  Fitchett. 
Cobham  Magisterial  District,— G.  A.  Savedge,  W.  Z.  Holland,  J.  R.  Barham. 

SUSSEX  COUNTY. 

Courthouse    Magisterial    District, — W.    T.    Freeman,    Wynu    Crawford,    i'hilii) 

Rogers. 
Eenry  Magisterial  District,— W.  H.  Moore,  J.  H.  Conway,  J.  T.  Barker. 
Newville  Magisterial  District,— E.  T.  Birdsong,  R.  H.  Stevenson,  L.  J.  Wrenn. 
Stony  Creek  Magisterial  District,— W.  T.  Saunders,  F.  E.  Poole,  G.  R.  Bobbitt. 
Wakefield  Magisterial  District,— D.  A.  Marks,  R.  L.  Faison,  M.  H.  West. 
Waverly  Magisterial  District,— A.  E.  Kitchen,  J.  P.  Lilly,  \V.  T.  Harvel!. 

TAZEWELL    COUNTY. 

Clear  Fork  Magisterial  District, — E.  King  Crockett,  George  H.  Zimmerman, 

J.  L.  Baber. 
Jeffersonville  Magisterial  District, — J.  H.  Lewis,  J.  H.  Whitley,  J.  Ed.  Peery. 
Maiden  Spring  Magisterial  District,— S.  J.  Thompson,  E.  B.  Scott,  W.  P.  Payne. 

WARREN  COUNTY. 

South  River  Magisterial   District, — William   Robinson,   L.   H.   Fristoe,   L.    F. 

Updyke. 
Front  Royal  Magisterial  District, — L  F.  Beaty,  John  Peyton,  C.  M.  Anderson. 
Fork  Magisterial  District, — W.  A.  Baker,  Charles  Rogers,  J.  K.  Putnam. 
Cedarville   Magisterial    District, — Robert    McKay,    James   W.   Templeman,    T. 

Haney. 

WARWICK  COUNTY. 

Stanley  Magisterial  District,— J,  H.  Clements,  W.  P.  Chapman,  E.  C.  Crafford. 
Denbigh  Magisterial   District, — J.   Toomer  Garrow,   W.   H.   Curtis,   James  C. 

Williamson. 
Newport  Magisterial  District, — A.  Haughton,  A.  J.  Jones,  T.  A.  Sinclair. 

WASHINGTON  COUNTY. 

Abingdon  Magisterial  District, — T.  S.  Hamilton,  J.  S.  Gray,  E.  A.  Dunbar. 
Goodson  Magisterial  District,— C.  F,  Keller,  W.  R.  Stockton,  J.  W.  Riddle. 
Holston  Magisterial  District,— W.  R,  Preston,  W.  J.  Snodgrass,  T.  J.  Edmond- 

son. 
Glade  Spring  Magisterial   District, — Alexander   Stuart,   George   Huff,   Wesley 

Burhman. 
Saltville  Magisterial  District,— R.  G.  Buchanan,  M.  W.  Litton,  E.  K.  McConnell. 
North   Fork   Magisterial    District,— William    E.    Roberts,    E.    H.    Lee,    W.   R. 

Mongle. 
Kinderhook  Magisterial  District,— J.  T.  Martin,  J.  H.  Johnson,  J.  W.  Kaylor. 


22  REGISTRATION    BOARDS 

WESTMORELAND  COUNTY. 

Washington  Magisterial  District,— W.  C.  Minor,  James  R.  Fones,  H.  J.  Horner. 
Montross  Magisterial  District,— W.  C.  England,  J.  W.  Hutt,  Jr.,  E.  F.  Porter. 
Cople  Magisterial  District,— W.  W.  Walker,  George  Vansant,  B.  F.  Brown. 

WISE   COUNTY. 

Richmond  Magisterial  District, — J.  W.  Kelly,  A.  M.  Lea,  R.  T.  Irvine. 
Lipps  Magisterial  District,— J.  D.  Clay,  W.  A.  Carrico,  C.  J.  Edwards. 
'Roberson  Magisterial  District. — Troy  Peak,  Henry  Adams,  Thomas  C.  Alley. 
Gladeville  Magisterial  District,— J.  J.  Kelly,  Jr.,  A.  N.  Kilgore,  W.  H.  Bond. 

WYTHE  COUNTY. 

Ft.  Chiswell  Magisterial  District, — W.  Dick  Sanders,  J.  E.  Simmerman,  F.  M. 

Tate. 
Lead  Mines  Magisterial  District, — Tom  Blair,  John  H.  Huddle,  J.  T.  Brooks. 
Speedwell   Magisterial    District, — George   A.    Lambert,    Samuel    C.    Landreth, 

Eugene  Kyle. 
Black  Lick  Magisterial  District, — John  L.  Brown,  William  M.   Coley,  M.  G. 

Porter. 
Wytheville  Magisterial  District, — William  Terry,  V.  H.  Gibboney,  J.  S.  Lawson. 

YORK  COUNTY. 

Bruton  Magisterial  District, — D.  R.  Norment,  William  B.  Schneck,  C.  H.  Post. 
Nelson  Magisterial  District, — C.  H.  Sheild,  W.  M.  Crooks,  J.  W.  Rogers. 
Grafton  Magisterial   District — J.  J.   Nottingham,  J.  E.  Crockett,   Arthur  B. 

White. 
Poquoson  Magisterial  District, — W.  J.  Stores,  Walter  Evans,  John  G.  Wornom. 

CITY  OF  ALEXANDRIA. 

1st  Ward, — Edgar  Snowden,  Peter  Aitcheson,  O.  C.  Phillips. 
2nd  Ward, — Henry  Strauss,  George  E.  Price,  C.  M.  Schwab. 
3rd  Ward,— Charles  B.  Marshall,  George  W.  Bontz,  B.  F.  Penn. 
4th  Ward,— C.  J.  W.  Summers,  William  E.  Fendall,  Champ  Walker. 

CITY  OF  BRISTOL. 

J.  N.  Johnson.  S.  H.  Rogers,  George  W.  Wolfe. 

CITY  OF  BUENA  VISTA. 

1st  Ward,— G.  W.  Leckie,  W.  P.  Lee,  W.  T.  Paxton. 
2nd  Ward,— Hugh  A.  White,  S.  P.  Gibson,  T.  L.  Brown. 

CITY  OF  CHARLOTTESVILLE. 

1st  Ward,— E.  0.  McCue,  J.  E.  Early,  A.  V.  Conway. 
2nd  Ward,— F.  M.  Wills,  B.  Letterman,  H.  Spangler, 


REGISTRATrON     I'.OARDS  23 

3rd  Ward, — J.  B.  Norris,  E.  L.  Jarman,  Grafton  D.  Payne. 

4th  Ward, — C.  G.  Sinclair,  Roy  K.  Flannagan,  Thomas  S.  Jones. 

CITY  OF  DANVILLE. 

1st  Ward, — William  Ayres,  Jr.,  Garland  S.  Wooding,  Thomas  Hamlin. 
2nd  Ward.— A.  W.  Douthat,  C.  H.  Richmond,  W.  W.  Clark. 
3rd  Ward,— J.  B.  Fuller,  A.  C.  Edmunds.  John  G.  Lea. 
4th  Ward,— B.  H.  Custer,  W.  D.  Cook,  M.  F.  Dove. 

CITY   OF   FREDERICKSBURG. 

Upper  Ward,— E.  D.  Cole,  S.  E.  Eastburn,  J.  J.  Berrey. 
Lower  Ward, — A.  W.  Embrey,  Henry  Dannehl,  J.  Wilmore  Cox. 

CITY   OF   LYNCHBURG. 

1st  Ward, — Leon  Goodman,  G.  P.  Watkins,  H.  A.  Southall. 
2nd  Ward, — Fred.  Harper,  S.  Garland  Hamner,  J.  A.  Scott. 
3rd  Ward,— C.  A.  Colhoun,  A.  B.  Percy,  H.  D.  Johnson. 

CITY  OF  MANCHESTER. 

1st  Ward,— C.  V.  Green,  J.  H.  Busby,  Carter  C.  Jones. 
2nd  Ward,— J.  R.  Perdue,  Jr.,  L.  M.  Nunnally.  A.  G.  Evans. 
3rd  Ward,— F.  S.  Robertson,  J.  L.  Owens,  M.  A.  Rightsell. 
4th  Ward,— B.  M.  Robertson,  W.  L.  Porter,  W.  T.  Davidson. 

CITY  OF  NEWPORT  NEWS. 

1st  Ward,— A.  A.  Langhorne.  S.  W.  Holt,  P.  J.  Mugler. 

2nd  Ward, — Harry  Howard,  John  Stigler,  Samuel  Boyd. 

3rd  Ward,— R.  J.  Charles,  A.  J.  Moore,  S.  C.  Garrow. 

4th  Ward,— L.  R.  Timberlake,  George  H.  Adams,  W.  P.  Wash. 

5th  Ward,— T.  F.  Stearnes,  J.  T.  Marston,  J.  W.  Phillips. 

6th  Ward,— C.  D.  West,  Grant  Colvin,  R.  T.  Styll. 

7th  Ward,— George  W.  Burcher,  W.  A.  Post,  William  Haley. 

CITY  OF  NORFOLK. 

1st  Ward, — A.  M.  Higgins,  H.  N.  Poulson,  J.  A.  Baecher. 

2nd  Ward,— Barton  Myers,  A.  J.  Dalton,  Willoughby  T.  Cooke. 

3rd  Ward,— Walter  H.  Taylor  (son  of  Richard),  James  E.  Heath,  Jr..  Robert 

S.  Broughton. 
4th  Ward, — James  T.  Holland,  James  G.  Brownley,  Charles  C.  Grant. 
5th  Ward, — N.  C.  Pamplin,  A.  M.  Cousins,  James  L.  Winston. 
Gth  Ward, — Robert  W.  Tomlin.  Victor  Parks,  W.  Leigh  Williams. 
7th  Ward,— P.  C.  Stanworth,  J.  T.  Deal,  Ira  T.  Holt. 

CITY   OF   PETERSBURG. 

1st  Ward,— J.  W.  Wells,  J.  M.  Saunders,  F.  S.  Myers. 
2nd  Ward,— J.  J.  Birchett,  J.  W.  Friend,  N.  E.  Wicker. 


<2A  REGISTRATION    BOARDS 

Srd  Ward,— A.  R.  Moody,  Samuel  Gentry,  W.  D.  Spratley. 
4th  Ward,— C.  P.  Coldwell,  R.  G.  Bass,  R.  L.  Claytor. 
5th  Ward,— James  A.  Collier,  R.  W.  Ford,  Thomas  B.  Ivey. 
6th  Ward,— W.  E.  Meredith,  B.  D.  Akers,  D.  C.  Duane. 

CITY  OF  PORTSMOUTH. 

1st  Ward,— Antonio  L.  Bilisoly,  W.  Clark  Moore,  Charles  R.  Welton. 
2nd  Ward, — Thomas  J.  Barlow,  Calder  S.  Sherwood,  Frank  L.  Crocker. 
3rd  Ward,— Charles  H.  Morris,  James  N.  Peed,  John  C.  Parkerson. 
4th  Ward,— John  T.  King,  Joseph  P.  M.  Joyce,  L.  H.  Davis. 
.5th  Ward,— L.  M,  Palmer,  Charles  W.  Johnson,  George  R.  Trant. 

CITY  OF  RADFORD. 

West  Ward,— Charlie  Ross,  G.  C.  Wharton,  W.  A.  Wilson. 
East  Ward,— H.  C.  Preston,  R.  J.  Noell,  J.  F.  Baldwin. 

CITY   OF  RICHMOND. 

Marshall  Ward,— R.  T.  Lacy,  W.  M.  Williams,  James  A.  Black. 
Jefferson  Ward,— Henry  M.  Tyler,  Thomas  W.  Joseph,  George  E.  Bowden. 
Madison  Ward,— A.  S.  Lanier,  Robert  Lee  Traylor,  Thomas  W.  Walsh. 
Monroe  Ward.— B.  Rand.  Wellford,  B.  R.  Selden,  W.  T.  Walker. 
Lee  Ward, — Roscoe  C.  Nelson,  R.  T.  Davis,  W.  J.  Kimbrough. 
Clay  Ward,— Ernest  M.  Long,  Robert  B.  Pettis,  John  R.  Hooper. 
Jackson  Ward, — J.  H.  Bradley,  John  A.  Haley,  John  McEneany. 

CITY  OF  ROANOKE. 

1st  Ward, — Oscar  D.  Derr,  C.  W.  Beckner,  J.  A.  Fishburn. 
2nd  Ward, — J.  H.  Earman,  B.  Rust,  A.  M.  Nelson. 
3rd  Ward,— E.  J.   McDonald,  W.   E.   Thomas,   Patrick  Foy. 
4th  Ward,— Junius  McGhee,  J.  B.  Ambroselli,  H.  D.  Colley. 
5th  Ward,— M.  P.   Scott,   S.   W.   Farrar,  J.   A.   Page. 

CITY  OF  STAUNTON. 

1st  Ward,— J.  A.  Hutcheson,  W.  B.  McChesney,  R.  E.  R.  Nelson. 
2nd  Ward, — John  M.  Carroll,  George  W.  Blackley,  Dennis  Brown. 

CITY  OF  WILLIAMSBURG. 

L.  W.  Lane,  Jr..  C.  B.  Trevillian,  W.  C.  Johnson. 

CITY  OF  WINCHESTER. 

1st  Ward,— J.  M.  Haymaker,  Adam  Forney,  J.  W.  Taylor. 
2nd  Ward, — Julian  F.  Ward,  J.  Brad.  Beverly,  Harry  Wood. 
3rd  Ward,— W.  W.  Wall,  Charles  Fitzpatrick,  Ross  Barr. 
4th  Ward,— W.  P.  McGuire,  T.  M.  Barr,  Joseph  Kiger. 


AX    OHDIXAXCE. 

All  Oi'fliiianee  to  Pi'e!-t'r\-('  and  ('ontiiint"  rlic  ('liartci's  of  Cov- 
porations  Chartered  l)y  the  General  Asseiul)ly  of  \"ir<iinia  un- 
til after  the  ()i'i2,anizatioii  of  the  (Jor])orati()n  ( 'oininission, 
ill  Cases  in  which  such  Chaitc^-.s  may  otherwise  Kxpire  or  l)e 
Forfeited. 

Be  it  ordaine(l  ])\  the  (hdcuates  of  the  })eo])k'  of  \'iruinia,  in 
convention  assenihlcd,  that: 

Sec.  1.  All  charters  Ik  rctdfore  granted  hy  s])ccial  acts  of 
the  General  Assemhly  of  this  State,  which  l)y  tlieir  ])ri)visions 
may  expire,  or  which  may  he  forfeited  for  any  non-])erformance 
of  any  requirement  tliercin,  Ix'tween  the  tirst  day  of  ]\Iay,  nine- 
teen hundred  and  two,  and  the  first  day  of  May,  nineteen  hun- 
dred and  three,  are  herel)y  ext(Mided  to  tlie  hrst  day  of  ^lay. 
nineteeii  hundred  and  thrre;  l)ut  this  ordinance  shall  not  ()])vr- 
ate  to  extend  the  ehartea'  of  any  corporation  or  to  ])ost])one  any 
forfeiture  thereof  till  said  last-named  date,  unless  and  until  such 
c()m])any  shall  have  ])aid  into  the  treasury  of  the  State  the 
charter  fee  now  ])rescrilie(l  hy  law. 

Sec.   2.      This  ordinance  shall  he  in  force  from  its  passage. 


nL 


I 


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